丁香醛和丁香醇介导漆酶高效降解磺胺甲恶唑

为探讨不同漆酶介体系统(LMS)对磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)的降解效果。采用了多种漆酶介体体系,重点研究了天然介体如丁香醛和丁香醇与漆酶的结合降解效果,并与其他常见介体如2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)进行对比。同时,分析了漆酶的初始浓度、介体的起始浓度、pH以及温度等因素对降解效果的影响。结果表明:当使用丁香醛或丁香醇为介体时,降解效果明显优于其他介体。其中,当漆酶初始浓度为0.5 mg/mL、丁香醇起始浓度为0.5 mmol/L、温度为30°C、pH=5时,丁香醇在15 min内能降解92.4%的SMX,而240 min后提高至96.4%。天然介体丁香醛、丁香醇与漆酶的结合对SMX的降解表现出高效性和环境友好性,为水体中SMX污染的处理提供了一个有效方法。

丹参木质素及其单体含量的测定

本文建立了一种准确、快速的检测丹参中木质素及其单体含量的方法。采用Klason法和紫外分光光度法分别对丹参根和茎中酸不溶性木质素(Klason木质素)和酸溶性木质素含量进行了测定;运用硫代酸解法并结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分别对丹参根和茎中各木质素单体组成进行了分析。结果显示,总木质素在丹参根和茎中的含量分别为280.7mg/g和160.4mg/g,其中Klason木质素含量分别为173.8mg/g和134.5mg/g;酸溶性木质素含量分别为106.9mg/g和25.9mg/g。H型、G型和S型木质素单体在丹参根中的含量分别为14.4μmol/g、2 070.2μmol/g、1 886.4μmol/g,在丹参茎中的含量分别为15.3μmol/g、212.8μmol/g、50.6μmol/g。利用本研究建立的方法可以准确、快速的检测丹参中各类木质素及其单体的含量,此方法可为其它药用植物木质素类化合物的定性、定量分析提供借鉴。

STUDY ON COMPONENTS OF FURFURAL RESIDUE FROM CORNCOB

In this paper, the components of furfural residue are analyzed. Total sugar content occupies 47.36% of absolute drying residue, and glucose occupies 83.23% of total sugar content. By combining the phcnyl nucleus exchange reaction with nitrobenzene oxidation, the quantity of structural units of phcnyl nuclei was determined, products from syringyl units occupy 50% of klason lignin. Especially, diphcnyl methane type syringyl units occupy 38.80%, and guaiacyl units 25%, other condensed guaiacyl units about 20%. The furfural residue is not a good material for the manufacture of adhcsivcs, but for active carbon. The yield of furfural residue may achieve about 350 thousand tons per year, but it has not been used in industry in China.

Experimental Researches on Milled Wood Lignin Pyrolysis Based on Analysis of Bio-oil

The structure of milled wood lignin（MWL）, isolated via the Bjrkman procedure, was studied by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and then its pyrolytic product distribution was investigated on a pyrolysis device. MWL obtained from Manchurian Ash（MA） contained more methoxyl and free phenolic hydroxyl groups per C9 unit than MWL from Mongolian Pine（MP） due to the existence of both guaiacyl and syringyl units, which have a major influence on the pyrolysis behavior of lignin. The results of pyrolysis show that MWL from MA generated a higher yield of bio-oil, mainly composed of phenols, guaiacols, syringols and catechols, and a less yield of char, in addition to the gaseous products CO, CO2, methane and methanol, compared with MWL from MP. Guaiacol and syringol were the typical products from G-lignin and S-lignin, probably attributed to the easier cleavage of the aryl-alkyl linkage in the side chain compared with the C―OCH3 bond in the benzene ring. The degradation of MWL from MP was dominated by the demethylation reaction and the cleavage of aliphatic ―CH2OH at the γ-position, followed by the cracking of the Cα―Cβ and C4―Cα bonds.

Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

The effects of non-thermal plasma （NTP） treatment on biomass in the form of pulverized palmbased empty fruit bunches （EFB） are investigated. Specifically, this study investigates the effects of NTP treatment on the surface reactivity, morphology, oxygen-to-carbon （O/C） ratio of the EFB at varying treatment times. The surface reactivity is determined by the reaction of antioxidant functional groups or reactive species with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）. By measuring the concentration of the DPPH with a spectrophotometer, the change in the amount of antioxidant functional groups can be measured to determine the surface reactivity. The reactions of the various lignin components in the EFB with respect to the NTP treatment are discussed by qualitatively assessing the changes in the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra. The surface morphology is examined by a scanning electron microscope. To determine the amount of oxygen deposited on the EFB by the air-based NTP treatment, the oxygen and carbon contents are measured by an energy dispersive x-ray detector to determine the O/C ratio. The results show that the NTP reactor produced reactive species such as atomic oxygen and ozone, increasing the surface reactivity and chemical scavenging rate of the EFB. Consequently, the surface morphology changed, with an observed rougher surface from the images of the EFB samples. The change in the appearance of the surface is accompanied by a high O/C ratio, and is caused by reactions of certain components of lignin due to the NTP treatment, The lignin component that was modified is believed to be syringyl, as the syringyl portion in the lignin of EFBs is higher compared to the other components. Syringyl components are detected in the range of F-FIR wavenumbers of 1109-1363 cm-1. With increasing NTP treatment times, the absorbance （of the peaks in the PTIR spectra） for syringyl related C-H and lignin associated C=C bonds decreases as the syringyl decomposes. The resulting release of carboxyl compounds increases the absorbance for the carbonyl C=O group. The results show that NTP treatment is able to modify the surface properties of EFB, and that the surface reactivity can be increased to improve their conversion and processing efficiencies.

紫花苜蓿茎秆组织中木质素的分布与沉积模式

以甘农5号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa‘Gannong No.5’)为材料,采用组织化学染色方法研究了茎秆中木质素的发生、分布与沉积规律。结果表明,苜蓿茎秆中木质素的分布与生长部位密切相关,在茎秆顶端初生维管组织中仅木质部有木质素分布,随节间下移,木质素开始在初生韧皮纤维、次生木质部和髓射线中大量沉积;茎秆中存在G、S两种木质素,S木质素的发生迟于G木质素;在维管束之间,两种木质素均以"厚角组织处维管束→厚角组织间维管束"的模式沉积,但在维管束内,木质素沉积表现出异质性,G木质素沉积模式为"初生木质部导管→初生韧皮纤维→次生木质部和髓射线";S木质素沉积模式为"初生韧皮纤维→次生木质部和髓射线→髓薄壁细胞"。分析认为,紫花苜蓿茎秆中木质素特殊的沉积模式可能是其对北温带生长环境的一种适应对策。

芦根亲水性化学成分研究

目的 研究芦根(芦苇Phragmites communis的根茎)的亲水性化学成分,并对分离的化合物进行初步的美白活性研究。方法 芦根乙醇提取物经有机溶剂萃取后的水部分采用D101大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、SephadexLH-20凝胶、ODS及HILIC色谱柱等进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及核磁共振波谱数据对所得化合物进行结构鉴定。以熊果苷为阳性对照,采用斑马鱼对获得的化合物进行美白活性研究。结果 共分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为(1′R,2′S)-丁香酚基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、(7R,7′R,7′′R,8S,8′S,8′′S)-丁香酚基甘油-β-丁香树脂酚醚4,4′′双-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、(1′R,2′S)-愈创木基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3)、(1′S,2′S)-愈创木基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、(1′R,2′R)-愈创木基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)、(1′S,2′R)-愈创木基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、(1′R,2′R)-丁香酚基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、(1′S,2′S)-丁香酚基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、(1′S,2′R)-丁香酚基甘油3′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)。化合物5、7、8可抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素的生成。结论 化合物1、2为新化合物,分别命名为芦根苷C、芦根苷D;化合物3~9均为首次从芦根中分离得到;化合物5、7、8表现强的美白活性。

Fenton试剂氧化降解紫丁香醇的研究

在自制的圆柱型双层玻璃反应器中,以木素类模型物紫丁香醇(SL)为目标化合物,考察Fenton试剂对紫丁香醇的降解效果,研究溶液的pH值、H2O2的用量、Fe2+的用量、紫丁香醇溶液初始浓度、反应时间、紫外光照射等因素对紫丁香醇降解的影响。实验结果表明:在室温条件下,当体系pH值为3.0时,加入两倍理论用量的H2O2,Fe2+与H2 O2的物质的量之比为1︰50,反应60 min后,50 mg/L的紫丁香醇的去除率可达87.5%;当体系中引入紫外光后,Fenton试剂的氧化性明显增加,反应速度显著加快,30 min后紫丁香醇可完全矿化。