Atomically Substitutional Engineering of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Layers for Enhancing Tailored Properties and Superior Applications

Transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are a promising class of layered materials in the post-graphene era,with extensive research attention due to their diverse alternative elements and fascinating semiconductor behavior.Binary MX2 layers with different metal and/or chalcogen elements have similar structural parameters but varied optoelectronic properties,providing opportunities for atomically substitutional engineering via partial alteration of metal or/and chalcogenide atoms to produce ternary or quaternary TMDs.The resulting multinary TMD layers still maintain structural integrity and homogeneity while achieving tunable(opto)electronic properties across a full range of composition with arbitrary ratios of introduced metal or chalcogen to original counterparts(0–100%).Atomic substitution in TMD layers offers new adjustable degrees of freedom for tailoring crystal phase,band alignment/structure,carrier density,and surface reactive activity,enabling novel and promising applications.This review comprehensively elaborates on atomically substitutional engineering in TMD layers,including theoretical foundations,synthetic strategies,tailored properties,and superior applications.The emerging type of ternary TMDs,Janus TMDs,is presented specifically to highlight their typical compounds,fabrication methods,and potential applications.Finally,opportunities and challenges for further development of multinary TMDs are envisioned to expedite the evolution of this pivotal field.

Superior electrocatalytic negative electrode with tailored nitrogen functional group for vanadium redox flow battery

Development of electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is essential for solving problems that still restrict the extensive application of vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs).Here,we designed a novel negative electrode with superior electrocatalytic activity by tailoring nitrogen functional groups,such as newly formed nitro and pyridinic-N transformed to pyridonic-N,from the prenitrogen-doped electrode.It was experimentally confirmed that an electrode with pyridonic-N and nitro fuctional groups(tailored nitrogen-doped graphite felt,TNGF) has superior electrocatalytic acivity with enhanced electron and mass transfer.Density functional theory calulations demonstrated the pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups promoted the adsorption,charge transfer,and bond formation with the vanadium species,which is consistent with expermental results.In addition,the V2+/V3+redox reaction mechanism on pyridonic-N and nitro functional groups was estabilised based on density functional theory(DFT) results.When TNGF was applied to a VRFB,it enabled enhanced-electrolyte utilization and energy efficiencies(EE) of 57.9% and 64.6%,respectively,at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).These results are 18.6% and 8.9% higher than those of VRFB with electrode containing graphitic-N and pyridinicN groups.Interestingly,TNGF-based VRFB still operated with an EE of 59% at a high current density of300 mA cm^(-2).The TNGF-based VRFB exhibited stable cycling performance without noticeable decay of EE over 450 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 250 mA cm^(-2).The results of this study suggest that introducing pyridonic-N and nitro groups on the electrode is effective for improving the electrochemical performance of VRFBs.

Ostensibly perpetual optical data storage in glass with ultra-high stability and tailored photoluminescence

Long-term optical data storage(ODS)technology is essential to break the bottleneck of high energy consumption for information storage in the current era of big data.Here,ODS with an ultralong lifetime of 2×10^(7)years is attained with single ultrafast laser pulse induced reduction of Eu^(3+)ions and tailoring of optical properties inside the Eu-doped aluminosilicate glasses.We demonstrate that the induced local modifications in the glass can stand against the temperature of up to 970 K and strong ultraviolet light irradiation with the power density of 100 kW/cm^(2).Furthermore,the active ions of Eu^(2+)exhibit strong and broadband emission with the full width at half maximum reaching 190 nm,and the photoluminescence(PL)is flexibly tunable in the whole visible region by regulating the alkaline earth metal ions in the glasses.The developed technology and materials will be of great significance in photonic applications such as long-term ODS.

Long-term efficacy of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention for prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors:A randomized controlled trial

Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is a print-and web-based intervention in which prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors receive automatically generated,personalized feedback aimed at integrating PA into daily life to increase and maintain PA.We evaluated the long-term outcomes of OncoActive by examining the 12-month follow-up differences between OncoActive and a control group,and we explored whether PA was maintained during a 6-month non-intervention follow-up period.Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to an OncoActive(n=249)or a usual care waitlist control group(n=229).OncoActive participants received PA advice and a pedometer.PA outcomes(i.e.,ActiGraph and self-report moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)min/week and days with≥30 min PA)and health-related outcomes(i.e.,fatigue,depression,physical functioning)were assessed at baseline,6 months,and 12 months.Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions for the primary outcome(ActiGraph MVPA min/week)and all additional outcomes.Results At 12 months,OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week,self-report MVPA min/week,or ActiGraph days with PA.Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group.For health-related outcomes only long-term fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive.When exploratively examining PA within OncoActive,the previously found PA effects at the end of the intervention(6 months follow-up)were maintained at 12 months.Furthermore,all PA outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 12 months.The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 months to 12 months(and from baseline to 12 months),resulting in a decline of differences between groups.Conclusion The majority of previously reported significant between-group differences at 6 months follow-up were no longer present at long-term follow-up,possibly because of natural improvement in the control group.At long-term follow-up,fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive compared to control group participants.Computer-tailored PA advice may give participants an early start toward recovery and potentially contributes to improving long-term health.

Efficacy of tailored Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy based on antibiotic susceptibility and CYP2C19 genotype

The cure rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and antimicrobial agents such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are mainly influenced by bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the magnitude of the inhibition of acid secretion. Annual cure rates have gradually decreased because of the increased prevalence of H. pylori strains resistant to antimicrobial agents, especially to clarithromycin. Alternative regimens have therefore been developed incorporating different antimicrobial agents. Further, standard PPI therapy (twice-daily dosing) often fails to induce a long-term increase in intragastric pH > 4.0. Increasing the eradication rate requires more frequent and higher doses of PPIs. Therapeutic efficacy related to acid secretion is influenced by genetic factors such as variants of the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450 2C19, CYP2C19), drug transporters (e.g., multidrug resistance protein-1; ABCB1), and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β). For example, quadruple daily administration of PPI therapy potently inhibits acid secretion within 24 h, irrespective of CYP2C19 genotype. Therefore, tailored H. pylori eradication regimens that address acid secretion and employ optimal antimicrobial agents based on results of antimicrobial agent-susceptibility testing may prove effective in attaining higher eradication rates.

3D printing of calcium phosphate bioceramic with tailored biodegradation rate for skull bone tissue reconstruction

The bone regenerative scaffold with the tailored degradation rate matching with the growth rate of the new bone is essential for adolescent bone repair.To satisfy these requirement,we proposed bone tissue scaffolds with controlled degradation rate using osteoinductive materials(Ca-P bioceramics),which is expected to present a controllable biodegradation rate for patients who need bone regeneration.Physicochemical properties,porosity,compressive strength and degradation properties of the scaffolds were studied.3D printed Ca-P scaffold(3DS),gas foaming Ca-P scaffold(FS)and autogenous bone(AB)were used in vivo for personalized beagle skull defect repair.Histological results indicated that the 3DS was highly vascularized and well combined with surrounding tissues.FS showed obvious newly formed bone tissues.AB showed the best repair effect,but it was found that AB scaffolds were partially absorbed and degraded.This study indicated that the 3D printed Ca-P bioceramics with tailored biodegradation rate is a promising candidate for personalized skull bone tissue reconstruction.

Feasibility and nutritional impact of laparoscopic assisted tailored subtotal gastrectomy for middle-third gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic assisted total gastrectomy(LaTG)is associated with reduced nutritional status,and the procedure is not easily carried out without extensive expertise.A small remnant stomach after near-total gastrectomy confers no significant nutritional benefits over total gastrectomy.In this study,we developed a modified laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy procedure,termed laparoscopicassisted tailored subtotal gastrectomy(LaTSG).AIM To evaluate the feasibility and nutritional impact of LaTSG compared to those of LaTG in patients with advanced middle-third gastric cancer(GC).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed surgical and oncological outcomes and postoperative nutritional status in 92 consecutive patients with middle-third GC who underwent radical laparoscopic gastrectomy at Department of Pancreatic Stomach Surgery,National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,and Peking Union Medical College between 2013 and 2017.Of these 92 patients,47 underwent LaTSG(LaTSG group),and the remaining underwent LaTG(LaTG group).RESULTS Operation time(210±49.8 min vs 208±50.0 min,P>0.05)and intraoperative blood loss(152.3±166.1 mL vs 188.9±167.8 mL,P>0.05)were similar between the groups.The incidence of postoperative morbidities was lower in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(4.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).Postoperatively,nutritional indices did not significantly differ,until postoperative 12 mo.Albumin,prealbumin,total protein,hemoglobin levels,and red blood cell counts were significantly higher in the LaTSG group than in the LaTG group(P<0.05).No significant differences in Fe or C-reaction protein levels were found between the two groups.Endoscopic examination demonstrated that reflux oesophagitis was more common in the LaTG group(0%vs 11.1%,P<0.05).Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant improvement in the overall survival(OS)and disease free survival(DFS)in the LaTSG group.Multivariate analysis showed that LaTSG was an independent prognostic factor for OS(P=0.048)but not for DFS(P=0.054).Subgroup analysis showed that compared to LaTG,LaTSG improved the survival of patients with stage III cancers,but not for other stages.CONCLUSION For advanced GC involving the middle third stomach,LaTSG can be a good option with reduced morbidity and favorable nutritional status and oncological outcomes.

Noninvasive molecular analysis of Helicobacter pylori : Is it time for tailored first-line therapy?

The main problem of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection management is linked to antibiotic resistances. This phenomenon has grown in the last decade, inducing a dramatic decline in conventional regimen effectiveness. The causes of resistance are point mutations in bacterial DNA, which interfere with antibiotic mechanism of action, especially clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Therefore, international guidelines have recently discouraged their use in areas with a relevant resistance percentage, suggesting first-line schedules with expected high eradication rates, i.e., bismuth containing or non-bismuth quadruple therapies. These regimens require the daily assumption of a large number of tablets. Consequently, a complete adherence is expected only in subjects who may be motivated by the presence of major disorders. However, an incomplete adherence to antibiotic therapies may lead to resistance onset, since sub-inhibitory concentrations could stimulate the selection of resistant mutants. Of note, a recent meta-analysis suggests that susceptibility tests may be more useful for the choice of first than second-line or rescue treatment. Additionally, susceptibility guided therapy has been demonstrated to be highly effective and superior to empiric treatments by both meta-analyses and recent clinical studies. Conventional susceptibility test is represented by culture and antibiogram. However, the method is not available everywhere mainly for methodology-related factors and fails to detect hetero-resistances. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based, culture-free techniques on gastric biopsy samples are accurate in finding even minimal traces of genotypic resistant strains and hetero-resistant status by the identification of specific point mutations. The need for an invasive endoscopic procedure has been the most important limit to their spread. A further step has, moreover, been the detection of point mutations in bacterial DNA fecal samples. Few studies on clarithromycin susceptibility have shown an overall high sensitivity and specificity when compared with culture or PCR on gastric biopsies. On these bases, two commercial tests are now available although they have shown some controversial findings. A novel PCR method showed a full concordance between tissue and stool results in a preliminary experience. In conclusion, despite poor validation, there is increasing evidence of a potential availability of noninvasive investigations able to detect H. pylori resistances to antibiotics. These kinds of analysis are currently at a very early phase of development and caution should be paid about their clinical application. Only further studies aimed to evaluate their sensitivity and specificity will afford novel data for solid considerations. Nevertheless, noninvasive molecular tests may improve patient compliance, time/cost of infection management and therapeutic outcome. Moreover, the potential risk of a future increase of resistance to quadruple regimens as a consequence of their use on large scale and incomplete patient adherence could be avoided.

Tailored eradication vs empirical bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: A comparative,open trial

BACKGROUND Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety profile of a tailored eradication(TR)strategy based on the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation with those of empirical bismuth-based quadruple therapy(EBQT)for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)in Korean patients.AIM To compare the efficacy and safety of a TR strategy and those of EBQT regimen as first-line eradication therapy for H.pylori.METHODS This is an open-label,comparative study in which we prospectively enrolled patients over 18 years of age with H.pylori infection and retrospectively reviewed their data.H.pylori-positive patients diagnosed by rapid urease test,Giemsa staining,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR)were enrolled from May 2016 to September 2018 at Gil Medical Center.Patients with H.pylori infection received either a TR regimen or the EBQT regimen.In the tailored therapy group that underwent DPO-PCR testing,patients with A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen.The eradication rate,patient-reported side effect rate,and H.pylori eradication success rate were evaluated and compared between the groups.RESULTS A total of 150 patients were assigned to the TR(n=50)or EBQT group(n=100).The first-line eradication rate of H.pylori did not differ between the groups(96.0%vs 95.7%,P=0.9).The rate of eradication-related side effects for TR was 12.0%,which differed significantly from that of EBQT(43.0%)for first-line treatment(P<0.001).CONCLUSION DPO-PCR-based TR for H.pylori eradication may be equally efficacious,with less treatment-related complications,compared to EBQT in Korea,where clarithromycin resistance is high.

Customizable design ofmultiple-biomolecule delivery platform for enhanced osteogenic responses via‘tailored assembly system’

Porous titanium(Ti)scaffolds have been extensively utilized as bone substitute scaffolds due to their superior biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.However,naturally formed TiO2 on the surface limits fast osseointegration.Different biomolecules have been widely utilized to overcome this issue;however,homogeneous porous Ti scaffolds could not simultaneously deliver multiple biomolecules that have different release behaviors.In this study,functionally graded porous Ti scaffolds(FGPTs)with dense inner and porous outer parts were fabricated using a two-body combination and densification procedure.FGPTs with growth factor(BMP-2)and antibiotics(TCH)exhibited suitable mechanical properties as bone substituting material and presented good structural stability.The release of BMP-2 was considerably prolonged,whereas the release of TCH was comparable to that of homogenous porous titanium scaffolds(control group).The osteogenic differentiation obtained using FGPTs was maintained due to the prolonged release of BMP-2.The antimicrobial properties of these scaffolds were verified using S.aureus in terms of prior release time.In addition,various candidates for graded porous Ti scaffolds with altered pore characteristics were presented.

Tailored eradication strategy vs concomitant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment in Korean patients

BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,which ultimately results in eradication failure,has been an emerging issue in the clinical field.Recently,to overcome this problem,an antibiotic sensitivity-based tailored therapy(TT)for H.pylori infection has received attention.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of TT for H.pylori infection treatment compared to a non-bismuth quadruple therapy,concomitant therapy(CT)regimen.METHODS We included patients(>18 years)with an H.pylori infection and without a history of Helicobacter eradication who visited the Gil Medical Center between March 2016 and October 2020.After being randomly assigned to either the TT or CT treatment group in 1 to 1 manner,patient compliance,eradication success rate(ESR),and patient-reported side effects profiles were assessed and compared between the two groups.H.pylori infection was diagnosed using a rapid urease test,Giemsa stain,or dual priming oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction(DPO-PCR).Tailored eradication strategy based through the presence of a 23S ribosomal RNA point mutation.For the TT group,a DPO-PCR test,which detected A2142G and/or A2143G point mutations,and a clarithromycin resistance test were performed.Patients in the clarithromycin-resistant group were treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple combination therapy,while those with sensitive results were treated with the standard triple regimen.RESULTS Of the 217 patients with a treatment naive H.pylori infection,110 patients[mean age:58.66±13.03,men,n=55(50%)]were treated with TT,and 107 patients[mean age:56.67±10.88,men,n=52(48.60%)]were treated with CT.The compliance(TT vs CT,100%vs 98.13%,P=0.30),and follow-up loss rates(8.18%vs 9.35%,P=0.95)were not significantly different between the groups.The ESR after treatment was also not statistically different between the groups(TT vs CT,82.73%vs 82.24%,P=0.95).However,the treatment-related and patient-reported side effects were significantly lower in the TT group than in the CT group(22.77%vs 50.52%,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The DPO-based TT regimen shows promising results in efficacy and safety profiles as a first-line Helicobacter eradication regimen in Korea,especially when physicians are confronted with increased antibiotic resistance rates.

Toward Sustainable,Economic,and Tailored Production of Cellulose Nanomaterials

This paper introduces a concentrated di-carboxylic acid(DCA) hydrolysis process for the integrated production of thermally stable and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals(CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs). The DCA hydrolysis process addressed several issues associated with mineral acid hydrolysis for CNC production, such as cellulose loss and acid recovery. The surface and morphological properties of the cellulose nanomaterials resulting from the DCA hydrolysis process can be tailored simply by controlling the severity of DCA hydrolysis. To further reduce cost, a lowtemperature(≤80℃) hydrotropic chemical process using p-toluenesulfonic acid(p-Ts OH) was also introduced to rapidly fractionate raw lignocelluloses for the production of lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils(LCNFs) and lignin nanoparticles(LNPs). The LCNF surface hydrophobicity and morphology can be tailored by controlling the fractionation severity, i.e., the extent of delignification. The lignin also improved the thermal stability of LCNFs. LNPs can be easily separated by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the p-Ts OH minimal hydrotropic concentration of approximately 10%. p-Ts OH can also be easily recovered by re-concentrating the diluted spent liquor after lignin precipitation. We believe that these two novel processes presented here have the potential to achieve true sustainable, economic, and tailored production of cellulose nanomaterials, suitable for a variety of applications.

Joint Performance for Laser Cutting-welding of Zinc-coated Tailored Blanks

The process of laser bull welding of zinc-coated steel（SGCD3 and WLZn）blanks was presented.whose edges were prepared by laser cutting.The properties of the butt joints.such as tensile strength.bending,stamping.weld shape,and corrosion-resisant were tested.The experiments of laser cutting and welding were carried ont on a custom-made system designed.which is a set of equipment for wide sheet butt welding based on a laser cutting-welding combination process.The experiments proved the technological feasibility of laser butt welding for thin zinc coated steel sheets whose edges were prepared by laser cutting on the same equipment.

Study On Pattern Design of Men's Tailored-suit Sleeve

Sleeve pattern design of men’ s tailored - suit is one of the most difficult problems of clothing pattern design. Based on the experimental studies of armhole girth, the difference of armhole width and crown height, crown angle, under sleeve curve’s diagonal line length, crown ease and its distribution rule, this paper mainly deals with the sleeve pattern design of tailored - suit for Chinese men. The influences of these factors are discussed and furthermore, some qualitative, quantifiable conclusions are drawn to design perfect pattern of men’ s tailored - suit sleeve.

Process and Equipment of Double-Sided Sheet Hydroforming for Large-Sized Al-Alloy Tailored Shell

In the industrial field,tailored blank forming with aluminum alloy(Al-alloy)has developed fast to meet the demands for large size integrated components with curved surfaces of high precision and with uniform mechanical properties.Traditional forming methods for tailored blank components faced challenges with uneven deformation behaviors and coexistence of rupture and wrinkling defects occuring during the forming process.In this paper,a new manufacturing procedure is proposed with advanced welding and forming technologies for forming integrated shell components.Friction stir welding with post-weld heat treatment was employed to prepare the tailor welded blank and improve its formability prior to forming.A double-sided pressure sheet hydroforming process was introduced to fabricate the Al-alloy tailored blank into a curved surface shell.Finite element modeling was established to analyze the effect of the weld line position and loading paths of stress distributions during the double-sided sheet hydroforming(DSHF)process.A large double-action CNC sheet hydroforming press with tonnage of 150 MN and high pressure liquid volume of 5 m~3 was developed in China.As an application case of the proposed process and equipment,a full-scale tank dome with a diameter of 3 m was successfully hydroformed with a large size Al-alloy tailored blank.It was shown that the DSHF process has the advantages in controlling rupture and wrinkling defects with an Al-alloy tailored blank,and the novel manufacturing procedure enables the production of integrated thin-walled component more competitively than traditional methods.

Should Tailored Car Service Be Banned?

In big cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, trying to flag down a taxi during the morning and afternoon rush hours is a frustrating experience - passengers have to wait a long time to get one. However, if they use a tailored car service app on their smartphone, a car will materialize by their side within minutes. Though a little more expensive than taxis, the service is much better and so are the cars. Tailored car service apps like Kuaidi Zhuanche and Yihao Zhuanche have developed quickly in recent years.

Surface-tailored PtPdCu ultrathin nanowires as advanced electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction in direct ethanol fuel cell

The development of advanced electrocatalysts for efficient catalyzing ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) is significant for direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs).However,in many previous studies,the major difficulties including lower utilization efficiency and weaker anti-CO-poison ability of Pt hamper the practical testing of such DEFCs,Herein,ternary Pt22Pd27C51 ultrathin(~5 nm)NWs are fabricated via a facile surfactant-free strategy.The surface and electronic structures of Pt22Pd27Cu51 NWs are further tailored via acid-etching treatment.The resulted PtPdCu NWs with an optimal atomic Pt/Pd/Cu ratio of 36:41:23 display excellent specific activities towards EOR(4.38 mA/cm^(2))and ORR(1.16 mA/cm^(2)),which are 19.8-and 5.7-folds larger than that of Pt/C,respectively.A singlecell was fabricated using Pt36Pd41Cu23 NWs as electrocatalyst in both anode and cathode with Pt loading of 1.2 mgpt/cm^(2).The power density measured at 80 ℃ is 21.7 mW/cm^(2),which is ~3.9 folds enhancement relative to that fabricated by using Pt/C(2 mgPt/cm^(2)).The enhanced catalytic performance of Pt36Pd41Cu23NWs could be attributed to that synergistic effect between Pt,Pd and Cu enhances CO anti-poisoning ability and promotes the C-C bond cleavage.This work provides a promising strategy for developing efficient electrocatalysts for DEFCs.

PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE ARREST MECHANISM IN TAILORED LAMINATED PLATES WITH A CUTOUT

This study addresses the effectiveness of a simple stiffness tailoring concept to delay damage initiation, control damage progression, and improve residual strength in tensile-loaded composite plates with a central circular cutout. The tailoring concept is to simply reposit all axially oriented （0°） material into regions near the edge of the plate away from the cutout. This tailoring is done in a way so as not to affect the weight of the plate. This accomplishes several beneficial changes in the way that the plate resists loading with no increases in material cost or weight. Lowering the axial stiffness of the laminate surrounding the cutout lowers the stress concentration. Increasing the axial stiffness near edges of the plate attracts loading away from the vicinity of the cutout to further lower stresses in the critical cutout region. This study focuses on in-plane response including damage progression and residual strength as a function of the degree of tailoring and cutout size. Strength and stiffness properties typical of IM7/8551-7 preperg material were assumed and a modified version of the Hashin failure criteria was used to identify the local damage. Results show that tailoring can significantly increase the damage initiation load and the residual strength. In some cases, observed evidence shows that tailoring performs as a damage arrest mechanism.

Tailored endothelialization enabled by engineered endothelial cell vesicles accelerates remodeling of small-diameter vascular grafts

Current gold standard for the replacement of small-diameter blood vessel(ID<4 mm)is still to utilize the autologous vessels of patients due to the limitations of small-diameter vascular grafts(SDVG)on weak endothelialization,intimal hyperplasia and low patency.Herein,we create the SDVG with the tailored endothelialization by applying the engineered endothelial cell vesicles to camouflaging vascular grafts for the enhancement of vascular remodeling.The engineered endothelial cell vesicles were modified with azide groups(ECVs-N3)through metabolic glycoengineering to precisely link the vascular graft made of PCL-DBCO via click chemistry,and thus fabricating ECVG(ECVs-N3 modified SDVG),which assists inhibition of platelet adhesion and activation,promotion of ECs adhesion and enhancement of anti-inflammation.Furthermore,In vivo single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that the proportion of ECs in the cell composition of ECVG surpassed that of PCL,and the tailored endothelialization enabled to convert endothelial cells(ECs)into some specific ECs clusters.One of the specific cluster,Endo_C5 cluster,was only detected in ECVG.Consequently,our study integrates the engineered membrane vesicles of ECVs-N3 from native ECs for tailored endothelialization on SDVG by circumventing the limitations of living cells,and paves a new way to construct the alternative endothelialization in vessel remodeling following injury.

IMAGE SUPER-RESOLUTION RECONSTRUCTION BY HUBER REGULARIZATION AND TAILORED FINITE POINT METHOD

In this paper,we propose using the tailored finite point method(TFPM)to solve the resulting parabolic or elliptic equations when minimizing the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model using the augmented Lagrangian method(ALM).The Hu-ber regularization based image super-resolution model can ameliorate the staircase for restored images.TFPM employs the method of weighted residuals with collocation tech-nique,which helps get more accurate approximate solutions to the equations and reserve more details in restored images.We compare the new schemes with the Marquina-Osher model,the image super-resolution convolutional neural network(SRCNN)and the classical interpolation methods:bilinear interpolation,nearest-neighbor interpolation and bicubic interpolation.Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that with the new schemes the quality of the super-resolution images has been improved.Besides these,the existence of the minimizer of the Huber regularization based image super-resolution model and the convergence of the proposed algorithm are also established in this paper.