The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions.However,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease.The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries.The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

B-COPNA resin formation from ethylene tar light fractions:Process development and mechanical exploration by molecular simulation

An efficient utilization strategy of ethylene tar(ET),the main by-product of the ethylene cracking unit,is urgently required to meet demands for modern petrochemical industry.On the other hand,condensed polynuclear aromatic resin of moderate condensation degree(B-COPNA)is a widely used carbon material due to its superb processability,the production of which is,however,seriously limited by the high cost of raw materials.Under such context,an interesting strategy was proposed in this study for producing B-COPNA resin using crosslinked light fractions of ethylene tar(ETLF,boiling point<260℃)facilitated by molecular simulation.1,4-Benzenedimethanol(PXG)was first selected as the crosslinking agent according to the findings of molecular simulation.The effects of operating conditions,including reactions temperature,crosslinking agent,and catalyst content on the softening point and yield of B-COPNA resin products were then investigated to optimize the process.The reaction mechanism of resin production was studied by analyzing the molecular structure and transition state of ETLF and crosslinking agents.It was shown that PXG exhibited a superior capacity of withdrawing electrons and a higher electrophilic reactivity than other crosslinking agents.In addition to the highest yield and greatest heat properties,PXG-prepared resin contained the most condensed aromatics.The corresponding optimized conditions of resin preparation were 180℃,1:1.9(PXG:ETLF),and 3%(mass)of catalyst content with a resin yield of 78.57%.It was the electrophilic substitution reaction that occurred between the ETLF and crosslinking agent molecules that were responsible for the resin formation,according to the experimental characterization and molecular simulation.Hence,it was confirmed that the proposed strategy and demonstrated process can achieve a clean and high value-added utilization of ETLF via B-COPNA resin preparation,bringing huge economic value to the current petrochemical industry.

Optimization of Hydrocracking Process for Enhanced BTX Production from Coal Tar-Derived Hydrorefined Products

Hydroconversion of coal tar to produce aromatic hydrocarbons(BTX)represents a crucial strategy for the highvalue hierarchical utilization of coal.This study focused on the hydrocracking of hydrorefined products derived from coal tar to enhance the production of benzene,toluene,and xylene(BTX).Various reaction conditions,including reaction temperature,hydrogen pressure,space velocity,and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio,were systematically explored to optimize BTX yields while also considering the process’s economic feasibility.The results indicate that increasing the reaction temperature from 360℃ to 390℃ significantly favors the production of BTX,with yields increasing from 21.42%to 41.14%.Similarly,an increase in hydrogen pressure from 4 MPa to 6 MPa boosts BTX production,with yields rising from 36.31%to 41.14%.Reducing the space velocity from 2 h^(-1) to 0.5 h^(-1) also favors the BTX production process,with yields increasing from 37.96%to 45.13%.Furthermore,raising the hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio from 750 to 1500 improves BTX yields from 41.61%to 45.44%.Through economic analysis,the optimal conditions for BTX production were identified as a reaction temperature of 390℃,hydrogen pressure of 5-6 MPa,space velocity of 1 h^(-1),and hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio of 1000,achieving a BTX yield of 43.73%.This investigation highlights the importance of a holistic evaluation of hydrocracking conditions to optimize BTX production.Furthermore,the findings offer valuable insights for the design and operation of industrial hydrocracking processes aimed at efficiently converting coal tar-derived hydrorefined feedstock into BTX.

Comparison of Combustion Characteristics of Tars Produced with Tobacco Stem Biomass Gasification

In order to study the combustion characteristics of tar in biomass gasifier inner wall and gasification gas,“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”,“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”were subjected to thermogravimetric experiments,and the combustion characteristics and kinetic characteristics were analyzed.The result shows that“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar out-of-furnace”is has the lowest value on ignition characteristics,combustion characteristics and combustible stability;“tobacco stem semi-tar inside furnace”has the lowest value and“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value on burnout characteristics;“tobacco stem tar outside furnace”has the highest value and“tobacco stem tar inside furnace”has the lowest value on integrated combustion characteristics.

Pittsburgh Guitars成立45周年,延续关于爱的故事

“Rocking the 'Burgh”,Pittsburgh Guitars于2024年庆祝成立45周年纪念。MMR杂志决定与曾经的忠实客户、现在的商店所有者John Bechtold坐下来,细致地了解一下这家商店的历史过往。Pittsburgh Guitars由Carl Grefenstette创立于1979年,现已成为当地音乐家和全球巨星们的打卡地。著名的大牌客户包括The Cult、Cheap Trick、Social Distortion、The Who、Nirvana、The Replacements等乐队的成员,不胜枚举。

Preparation of pitch precursor with excellent spinnability for general-purpose carbon fibre using coal tar pitch as raw material

Tetrahydrofuran(THF) extract of coal tar pitch(CTP) was used instead of blending CTP with pretreated pyrolysis fuel oil to prepare an isotropic pitch precursor with excellent spinnability for general-purpose carbon fibre through bromination-dehydrobromination. The feasibility and effectiveness of synthesising an isotropic pitch precursor derived from THF-soluble(CTP-THFs) is demonstrated in this study.The results show that CTP-THFs contains more light components than CTP;CTP-THFs and CTP monomer proportions were 62.52% and 45.32%, respectively. However, based on comparisons of CTP-THFsBr0 and CTPBr0 characterisations, CTP-THFs exhibits better polycondensation than CTP. Bromination-dehydrobro mination promotes polycondensation of pitch precursors, leading to greater carbon aromaticity in CTP-THFsBr5, CTP-THFsBr10, and CTP-THFsBr15 than that in CTP-THFsBr0 and CTPBr0. CTP-THFsBr5 and CTP-THFsBr10 have excellent spinnability even with softening points as high as 230 ℃. The pericondensed carbon and carbon aromaticity of CTP-THFsBr5 and CTP-THFsBr10 are high owing to the higher degree of polycondensation;however, they still possess a more linear molecular structure. The as-prepared carbon fibre exhibits homogeneity and uniformity, and the mechanical performance is comparable with that of commercial general-purpose carbon fibre products.

5-Hydroxytryptamine:a potential therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Previous studies have indicated that the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is closely linked to 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).To investigate this further,we administered 5-HT receptor antagonists to SOD1*G93A transgenic(ALS mouse model) and wide-type mice.This involved intraperitoneal injections of either granisetron,piboserod,or ritanserin,which inhibit the 5-HT3,5-HT4,and 5-HT2 receptors,respectively.The transgenic mice were found to have fewer5-HT-positive cells in the spinal cord compared with wide-type mice.We found that the administration of granisetron reduced the body weight of the transgenic mice,while piboserod and ritanserin worsened the motor functioning,as assessed using a hanging wire test.However,none of the 5-HT receptor antagonists affected the disease progression.We analyzed the distribution and/or expression of TAR DNA binding protein 43(TDP-43) and superoxide dismutase 1 G93A(SOD1-G93A),which fo rm abnormal aggregates in ALS.We found that the expression of these proteins increased following the administration of all three 5-HT receptor antagonists.In addition,the disease-related mislocalization of TD P-43 to the cytoplasm increased markedly for all three drugs.In ce rtain anatomical regions,the 5-HT receptor antagonists also led to a marked increase in the number of astrocytes and microglia and a decrease in the number of neurons.These results indicate that 5-HT deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by inducing the abnormal expression and/or distribution of TDP-43 and SOD1-G93A and by activating glial cells.5-HT co uld therefore be a potential therapeutic target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Effects of Ethylene Tar-Based Pitch Coatings on the Electrochemical Properties of Graphite Anode Materials

To improve the electrochemical performance of graphite anode materials,pitches with various softening points(150℃,180℃,200℃,and 250℃)were prepared from ethylene tar and used to coat graphite through a liquid coating process.The effects of the softening point of the pitch and the coating amount on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of graphite were studied by methods including thermogravimetric analysis,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,surface area analysis,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical testing.The graphite particles were coated uniformly by the pyrolytic carbon in the pitch.The coating changed the degree of graphitization,decreased the average specific surface area,and improved the electrochemical performance significantly.The best battery anode performance was obtained when the mass ratio of pitch to graphite was 10%,the heat treatment temperature was 1100℃,and the softening point of the pitch was 250℃.Under the optimum conditions,the irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle at 0.1 C was only 23 mAh/g,and the first Coulombic efficiency reached 94.2%.The capacity retention rate was 98.3%after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 0.1 C.

Ultra-deep Removal of Metal Ions from Coal Tar by Complexation:Experimental Studies and Density Functional Theory Simulations

As one of the important aspects of upgrading coal tar,the ultra-deep removal of metal ions via the complexation method was investigated by screening four complexing agents and performing density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Analysis of the compositions and contents of the metallic compounds in the coal tar revealed that the main components were iron and calcium naphthenates.Direct filtration reduced the mechanical impurity content from 0.24%to 0.0752%,indicating that most of the large particles could be easily removed.Among the four complexing agents,namely,acetic acid,oxalic acid,citric acid,and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid,oxalic acid exhibited the best demetallization performance.The DFT simulations suggested that the high performance of oxalic acid originated from its 1:1 coordination mode,rigid dicarboxyl structure,and greater binding energy.

Separation and analysis of six fractions in low temperature coal tar by column chromatography

The low temperature coal tar(CT)is taken as the raw material,and the extraction and column chromatography are used for detailed and accurate characterization in this paper.The n-heptane soluble fraction(CT-HS)and insoluble fraction(CT-HI)were obtained by n-heptane Soxhlet extraction.The extraction rate of CT-HS reached 92.79%(mass),which indicated that there are few heavy compounds in it.Further,different solvents(methylbenzene,benzene,ethyl acetate,methylbenzene-ethanol)were used to elute CT-HS by chromatographic column to obtain five fractions(saturates,aromatics,heteroatoms,phenolics and resins,named CT-SA,CT-AR,CT-HE,CT-PH,CT-RE,respectively).The yields of CTSA,CT-AR,CT-HE,CT-PH,CT-RE are 42.12%,10.43%,2.19%,9.50%and 6.63%(mass),respectively.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of eluting components show that alkanes are the main components in CT,followed by polycyclic aromatics,and the corresponding fractions are CT-SA and CT-AR,respectively.The relative content of aliphatics in CT-SA is 76.93%,and the relative content of aromatics in CT-AR is 75.05%.This separation technology effectively separates and enriches different components in CT,and the activation energy required for the pyrolysis process of a single eluting fraction is lower than that of CT,which is expected to provide an important reference for the separation,analysis and conversion of complex oil products such as coal-oil co-processing products,coal tar and other complex heavy carbon oil products.

Feasibility Investigation of Bitumen Properties by Blending of Coal Tar Pitch

There are numerous methods and additives available to improve the durability and quality of road bitumen. A coal tar obtained by coal coking was distilled in a laboratory into fractions of initial boiling point IBP-180℃ (gasoline-like fuel), 180℃ - 360℃ (diesel-like fuel), and >360℃ (residue or coal tar pitch). The coal tar pitch was added into road bitumen by up to 1 - 5 wt% and investigated the alteration of physical and chemical properties. The physico-mechanical properties of coal tar pitch and bitumen blends, as well as the chemical group composition, were determined using standard techniques (MNS) and the SARA method, respectively. Results of 3% coal tar pitch addition into bitumen enhanced ductility by 12.4% and softening point by 1.6℃. We found that blending with bitumen coal tar pitch as a modifier could improve bitumen properties.

基于TAR的图形拐点识别

对三角形面积表示法(Triangle Area Representation,TAR)描述图形进行讨论,分析TAR-AVG(TAR Average Filtering)和TAR-MED(TAR Median Filtering)的原理.用TAR-AVG衡量图形的外凸与内凹特性,用TAR-MED获得边界曲率信息.结合两种方法的滤波特性,提出TAR-MAMF(TAR Median Average Mixed Filtering)方法,对滤波结果用直方图表示,从直方图输出结果中提取有效的特征参数,确定图形中凹点和凸点的数量以及所在边界的位置,实现图形拐点识别.实验证明,TAR-MAMF方法对图形拐点的定位准确、有效.

基于XOR的TAR-CAU数据更新方法

在基于纠删码的云存储系统中,数据更新的性能往往受到网络带宽的限制。鉴于此,提出了基于异或(XOR)的TAR-CAU数据更新算法,该算法基于以下设计原则:1)利用数据更新量普遍较小的特点,将多条带的数据更新打包处理,减少网络往返次数,加快数据传输效率;2)采用基于XOR的更新,提高编解码效率。仿真实验和本地集群实验结果表明,相比于CAU算法,在数据更新量较小时,TAR-CAU算法能够提高至少44%的数据更新吞吐量。

tar格式磁带数据存放方式分析

本文介绍sun工作站tar命令保存在磁带上的数据存放方式,给出读取该格式磁带数据文件的软件设计方案。

汇改后人民币汇率波动的非线性特征研究——基于门限自回归TAR模型

文章对自2005年7月人民币汇率制度改革至2008年1月31日的人民币对美元名义汇率波动进行了计量研究,通过建立基于不同时间段汇率数据的门限自回归模型(TAR)可以看到,两年多来的人民币汇率波动存在门限的非线性特征,当升值幅度较大,即大于一定的门限值时,升值的冲击显示出更持久的延续性,体现出了升值预期的作用和升值不断加速的趋势。

用Zn-NTA金属-配位体缓冲溶液和TAR流动注射络合滴定锌

研究了用Ｚｎ－ＮＴＡ金属－配位体缓冲溶液和ＴＡＲ流动注射络合滴定锌的条件，最低检测浓度为１．０× １０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，采样频率为 １２０次／ｈ。试验了共存离子的影响，尝试用苦杏仁酸、氟化钾和硫脲掩蔽某些干扰离子。测定了镁合金标样中的锌，结果满意。

基于TAR模型的中国股市价格泡沫检验

本文对经典股票价格泡沫模型的常利率假设进行了推广,在随机利率下得到了股票价格泡沫周期性破灭的理论框架。然后在此框架下使用TAR模型对我国上证综合指数1997年10月31日到2007年10月31日的泡沫情况进行了检验,结果表明其泡沫主要集中在1999年和2007年两个年份,尤其在2007年1月到5月底泡沫程度最为严重。最后,通过分析深证指数同期的泡沫情况验证了两市泡沫的联动性。

Ti(Ⅳ)-TAR-NaBrO_3体系极谱吸附催化波的研究

在pH 4.7的HOAc—NaOAc缓冲溶液中,Ti(Ⅳ)—TAR—NaBrO_3体系产生一灵敏的极谱吸附催化波,峰电位为-0.90V(vs.SCE)左右,Ti(Ⅳ)浓度在2.0×10^(-9)～1.3×10^(-6)mol·L^(-1)范围内与峰电流呈线性关系,络合物的络合比为Ti(Ⅳ):TAR=1:1。研究了极谱波的性质和电极反应机理,并用此法测定了铝合金样品中的痕量钛,结果满意。

TAR分光光度法测定铝合金中铜

ＴＡＲ分光光度法测定铝合金中铜郑礼胜，王士龙，张虹，袁彩云（山东建材学院，济南，２５００２２）４－（２－噻唑偶氮）间苯二酚（ＴＡＲ）与铜的显色反应已有报导［１］，但其选择性较差，我们在此基础上，针对铝合金的组成，采用ＮａＯＨ将被测元素铜与基体铝和干扰...

利用PCR构建多拷贝HIV-1 TAR序列的串联体

建立“自身引物—模板”PCR方法 ,并应用此方法成功地扩增了多拷贝HIV 1TAR片段的同向串联体。此方法简便 ,省力 ,可用于多拷贝基因探针、多拷贝反义基因片段、多拷贝抗原表位的扩增和克隆。