微量Te对Cu-Cr-Zr合金组织及性能的影响

采用SEM、EDS等微观表征以及显微硬度和导电性能检测手段,研究了Te含量对Cu-Cr-Zr-Te合金铸态组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随着Te含量的增加,铸态Cu-Cr-Zr-Te合金的硬度呈逐渐升高的的趋势,但导电性能基本趋于稳定状态,热锻处理后合金的硬度和导电率都有所上升。铸态Cu-Cr-Zr-Te合金中低含量Te与Zr结合力较强易形成CuZrTe化合物,提升Te含量倾向于形成CuCrTe化合物;合金经900℃/4h的保温、热锻处理后,CuCrTe化合物分解为富Te相和富Cr相造成基体中Te元素的贫化,导致元素Te与元素Cr的相对比例减小而形成CuZrTe化合物。

Projected Changes in the Climate Zoning of Côte d’Ivoire

This study assesses the projected changes in the climate zoning of Côte d’Ivoire using the hierarchical classification of principal components (HCPC) method applied to the daily precipitation data of an ensemble of 14 CORDEX-AFRICA simulations under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results indicate the existence of three climate zones in Côte d’Ivoire (the coastal, the centre and the north) over the historical period (1981-2005). Moreover, CORDEX simulations project an extension of the surface area of drier climatic zones while a reduction of wetter zones, associated with the appearance of an intermediate climate zone with surface area varying from 77,560 km2 to 134,960 km2 depending on the period and the scenario. These results highlight the potential impacts of climate change on the delimitation of the climate zones of Côte d’Ivoire under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Thus, there is a reduction in the surface areas suitable for the production of cash crops such as cocoa and coffee. This could hinder the country’s economy and development, mainly based on these cash crops.

Frictional contact analysis of a rigid solid with periodic surface sliding on the thermoelectric material

Understanding and characterizing rough contact and wavy surfaces are essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate wear,optimize lubrication,and enhance the overall performance and durability of mechanical systems.The sliding friction contact problem between a thermoelectric(TE)half-plane and a rigid solid with a periodic wavy surface is the focus of this investigation.To simplify the problem,we utilize mixed boundary conditions,leading to a set of singular integral equations(SIEs)with the Hilbert kernels.The analytical solutions for the energy flux and electric current density are obtained by the variable transform method in the context of the electric and temperature field.The contact problem for the elastic field is transformed into the second-kind SIE and solved by the Jacobi polynomials.Notably,the smoothness of the wavy contact surface ensures that there are no singularities in the surface contact stress,and ensures that it remains free at the contact edge.Based on the plane strain theory of elasticity,the analysis primarily examines the correlation between the applied load and the effective contact area.The distribution of the normal stress on the surface with or without TE loads is discussed in detail for various friction coefficients.Furthermore,the obtained results indicate that the in-plane stress decreases behind the trailing edge,while it increases ahead of the trailing edge when subjected to TE loads.

Termite Attack and Damage in Cocoa Plantations in Daloa Department, Central-Western Côte d’Ivoire

Cocoa farming faces numerous constraints that affect production levels. Among these constraints are termites, one of the biggest scourges in tropical agriculture and agroforestry. The aim of this study is to assess the level of damage caused by termites in cocoa plantations. To this end, 3 plantations were selected. In each of the 3 plantations, 18 plots containing an average of 47 ± 6 cocoa plants were delimited. Sampling was based on 25 cocoa plants per plot. The study consisted in sampling the termites observed on the plants and noting the type of damage caused by them, taking into account the density of the harvest veneers and, above all, the termites’ progress through the anatomical structures of the plant, i.e. the bark, sapwood and heartwood. A total of 8 termite species were collected from cocoa plants. These species are responsible for four types of damage (D1, D2, D3 and D4), grouped into minor damage (D1 and D2) and major damage (D3 and D4). D1 damage ranged from 24.67% ± 5.64% to 39.55% ± 7.43%. D2 damage ranged from 6.88% ± 1.31% to 9.33% ± 2.79%. D3 damage ranged from 2.88% ± 1.55% to 6.44% ± 1.55%. D4 damage ranged from 1.11% ± 1% to 3.11% ± 1.37%. Among the termite species collected, Microcerotermes sp, C. sjostedti, A. crucifer and P. militaris were the most formidable on cocoa trees in our study locality. In view of the extensive damage caused by termites, biological control measures should be considered, using insecticidal plants.

Detection of ARV-Resistant Mutants in HIV-1-Infected Individuals in a Context of Systematic Switching to an Association Based on Dolutegravir in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.

Multi-Scale Approach for Gold Targeting in Côte d’Ivoire Paleoproterozoic Rocks

The aim of this study is to contribute to better targeting of gold prospecting areas using geospatial information. To this end, 3 mining sites were selected for the study. They are: the Sénoufo belt (Barrick Gold mine), the Yaouré complex (Perseus Mining mine) and the South Fetêkro belt (Bonikro, Hiré and Agbaou mines). For this study, a multi-scale approach was carried out at regional, mine and microscopic levels. At the regional scale, a comparative analysis of 1:200,000 scale geological maps revealed that 3 main lithologies are regularly repeated on and around the various mining sites. These are: undifferentiated volcanics, metagranodiorites and metasiltites dominated by meta-arenites. Most of these lithologies are affected by undifferentiated faults generally oriented NE-SW, N-S, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE. In addition, gold and manganese occurrences are present on all the sites studied. At the mine scale, radarsat-1 images processing indicate that the main mining sites are generally located near or at the intersection of lineaments-oriented NE-SW or N-S on the one hand and E-W or ENE-WSW or WNW-ESE or again NW-SE on the other. These mines are also located at the interface between zones of high and low lineament density. At the microscopic scale, petrographic studies of undifferentiated volcanic samples from the various sites indicate that they consist of andesites, meta-andesites and tuffs.

Building the Capacity of Health Professionals in Monitoring and Evaluation in a Public Health Institution: Experience of the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire

Background: In the context of the fight against HIV, a lack of skills in monitoring and evaluating the personnel in charge of activities has been identified at the national level. It was the subject of a priority axis of the national plan for monitoring and evaluating the fight against HIV (2006-2010) that was aimed at strengthening the capacities of actors in this area. To increase the critical mass of competent human resources in the short term, the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH) of Côte d’Ivoire organized monitoring and evaluation training sessions for healthcare professionals from 2011 to 2016. Methods: A single case study with multiple levels of analysis was carried out, combining a qualitative survey and a literature review. An evaluation was carried out six months after each training session. In addition, the results of the pre- and post-tests and of the daily and final evaluations that accompanied the various training sessions were used to provide further information. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using INVIVO 15 software. Results: Some 89 health professionals (69% men and 31% women) working at the national level (51% at the central level, including 58% in health programs) and in development partner agencies (37%) participated in this capacity building program. Most participants were senior health managers (56%), data managers (23%), and statisticians and computer scientists (10%). Almost all the trainings were financed by 16 technical and financial partners (85%), mainly the MEASURE Evaluation project (27%). Conclusion: M&E training, despite all its imperfections, has made it possible to identify M&E training needs at the national level and to increase the critical mass of national skills and to have some culture in M&E.

Epidemiological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Progressive Aspects of Arterial Hypertension in Children at the University Hospital Center of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire)

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) in children is under-diagnosed and often has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of hypertension in children at the University Hospital of Bouaké, with a view to improving the prognosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the paediatrics department of Bouaké University Hospital. It concerned the medical records of children aged 4 to 15 hospitalised from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020 for hypertension. Diagnosis was based on the simplified blood pressure guidelines of the Expert Consensus of the French Society of Hypertension. The variables studied were epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary. Quantitative variables were compared at the significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: The hospital incidence of hypertension was 0.32% (69/21,642). The sex ratio was 0.72. 97.1% of the children were over five years of age. Oedema (49.3%) and breathing difficulties (20.2%) were the main reasons for consultation. Hypertension was classified as threatening (56.5%), confirmed (31.9%) and borderline (11.6%). The cause was renal in 66.7%, dominated by impure nephrotic syndrome (24.6%). Treatment for hypertension consisted mainly of a diuretic (79.7%) and a calcium channel blocker (47.8%). Outcome was favourable in 50.7% of cases. Mortality was 20.3%. No factor was significantly associated with death. Conclusion: Hypertension in children at Bouaké University Hospital is serious. The aetiology is mainly renal. Early diagnosis and management are key to improving prognosis.

Climate Services Elaboration for Cocoa Cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire: Contribution of CORDEX Climate Projections

This study assessed the contribution of climate projections to improving rainfall information for cocoa crops in the central and southern regions of Côte d’Ivoire. Particular attention was paid to fourteen localities in these two climatic zones. Simulation data were obtained from the CORDEX ensemble and observation data from CHIRPS. They cover the period 1991-2005 for the reference period and the future period from 2021 to 2050 for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. In addition, the study was based on the water requirements necessary during the critical phase of the cocoa tree (the flowering phase) for a good yield from the cocoa production chain on the one hand, and on a selection of three climate indices CDD, CWD and r95PTOT to study their spatio-temporal changes over two future periods 2021-2035 (near future) and 2036-2050 (medium-term) on the other. These climatic indices influence cocoa cultivation and their use in studies of climatic impacts on agriculture is of prime importance. The analysis of their spatio-temporal changes in this work also contributes to providing climate services based on rainfall, to which cocoa crops are highly sensitive. Our results show that the CDD and CWD indices vary from one region to another depending on latitude. For the fourteen localities studied, the number of consecutive dry days (CDD) could increase between now and 2050, while the number of consecutive wet days (CWD) could decrease over the period 2021-2035 and then increase over the period 2036-2050. The localities of Tabou, Aboisso and San-Pedro record high numbers of CDD index and CWD index for both projection scenarios. In comparison with the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, these results show that the RCP8.5 scenarios are having an impact on cocoa growing in Côte d’Ivoire.

Sequential Analysis in the Identification of 3rd Order System Tract in the Abidjan Margin

The use of sequential stratigraphy concept, based on well logs, sedimentology, and biostratigraphy, has shed light on the complex mechanisms controlling sedimentary accumulations. Consequently, identifying these mechanisms allows us to predict the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks. In the Ivorian offshore sedimentary basin, certain studies have contributed to understanding and characterizing the petroleum system. However, these previous works did not integrate biostratigraphic data to highlight sedimentary facies. This study, conducted on two wells in the Abidjan margin, is crucial as it helps us comprehend the geometry of fossil sediments in relation to sea level variations. It will also aid in reconstructing the basin-filling history and predicting the distribution of rocks capable of trapping oil, determining lowstand systems tracts (reservoir rocks), transgressive systems tracts, and highstand systems tracts (cap rocks). Lithological analysis revealed predominantly clayey sedimentation with sandy layers. Well log data facilitated the delineation of formation boundaries and highlighted reservoirs consisting of sands, sandstones, limestones, and occasionally intercalated shales. Integrating these analysis results with biostratigraphic interpretations based on foraminifera and palynomorphs revealed that the traversed formations were deposited in a transitional environment ranging from Coniacian to Maastrichtian ages. Applying sequential stratigraphy concept from well logging resolved dating issues encountered in microfossil-poor or microfossil-free zones. The results of the Coniacian-Maastrichtian age sequential subdivision were aligned with the chart.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Essential Oil Extracts in the Control of Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Cashew Orchards in Badikaha (Côte d’Ivoire)

Cashew tree has gradually moved from a purely ecological aspect to a socio-economic one, due to the marketing of its nuts. But production per area, estimated at between 424 and 547 kg/ha, remains low, in contrast to India (2nd largest producer) and Vietnam (3rd largest producer), whose yields range from 1000 to 1500 and 2000 to 2500 kg/ha respectively. This low yield is due to a number of factors, among which insect pests are the most damaging. Among these insects, termites are considered to be one of the main pests of cashew trees. The general objective of this study is to contribute to termite management through the use of bioinsecticides, an alternative to the use of chemicals in cashew orchards. Five (5) biological products were tested: Limocide, Carapa oil, Neem oil, Kitana and Kaskara. Among them, two products proved effective, with a mortality rate of over 50%. These were Limocide, whose LC50 was obtained in 24 h at a dose of 3.6 g/ml and 3.1 g/ml , giving a mortality rate of 57.66% ± 4.04% and 51.33 ± 2.08 respectively , and Carapa, at a dose of 4.5 g/ml, with an estimated mortality rate of 52.33% ± 1.52%. Such results have demonstrated the potential application of Limocide and Carapa biopesticides to sustainably control termites in cashew orchards of Côte d’Ivoire.

Efficiency of Legumes in Increasing Yam Yield under Sandy Ferrasol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

The cropping system is based on traditional farming in rural areas. In this way, yields of some food crops like yam are very low considering their high need for nutrients. The nutrient-rich land is under high land pressure as it is occupied by cash crops such as oil palm and rubber at the expense of food crops and soil fertility is declining. The study was conducted in Grand-Lahou to assess the effect of organic matter provided by legumes in increasing yam yield. The randomized complete block design included four (4) treatments: Arachis hypogaea + yam association (T1), Acacia mangium + yam association (T2), Arachis + Acacia mangium + yam association (T3) and pure yam crop (T0). The parameters measured were: the soil nutrients content, the rate of mineralization of organic matter through the C/N ratio as well as the yield of yam through different techniques that allowed the objective of the study to be achieved. It was noted a slight improvement of nitrogen and organic carbon in all treatments with a higher value recorded in the T2 treatment. The C/N ratio decreased to 12 in all treatments compared to the control, which reflects a normal decomposition of the organic matter. Treatment T1 increased yam yield (8.4 t/ha) in contrast to treatments T2 (4.1 t/ha) and T3 (2.8 t/ha). Legume-based treatments T2 and T3 were associated with a significant decrease in yam yield, resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while treatment T1 resulted in a gain of 28.57%. As a result, the treatments involving legumes contributed to normalizing the organic matter content of the soil. The simultaneous association of these two legumes led to a decrease in yam production, contrary to the treatment associating only groundnut.

Growth of the Earthworm Millsonia omodeoi and Its Capacity to Accumulate Five Heavy Metals (HM) in Soils along a Toll Highway in Côte d’Ivoire

The roads in correlation with the traffic linked to their existences are at the origin of the emission of numerous polluting substances likely to induce disturbances of the growth and the behavioral changes in the organisms living in their vicinities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the growth and capacity accumulation of a common earthworm species (Millsonia omodeoi) in Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils along a main road called “Autoroute du Nord” in C?te d’Ivoire. Thus, the earthworms were harvested in soils from a distance of 0 m (just after the sidewalk) to a distance of 200 m from the toll highway and in a control soil sampled in Lamto reserve (C?te d’Ivoire). The study was carried out in the soil laboratory at the ecological station of Lamto reserve. The Ford-Walford technique was used to determine the model and parameters most appropriated for describing the growth of earthworms. A pairwise comparison of the growth parameters was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test with the STATISTICA 7.1 software. The heavy metals contained in the cultivated soils and earthworms were detected and quantified using a Scanning Electron Micro-scope (MEB FEG Supra 40 VP Zeiss) and an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer SPECTRA 110 (VARIAN). The capacity accumulation of heavy metals in earthworm was determined by the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) calculation. The results of this study showed that Gompertz is the most appropriated model to describe the growth of M. omodeoi. The life cycle of M. omodeoi shows that this earthworm adopts a K type demographic strategy. Cu is the most accumulated heavy metals in M. omodeoi, when Cr is the least accumulated. Concerning heavy metal content in the earthworms, it decreases while moving away from the pavement. These results highlight a possibility of choice of M. omodeoi as 1) indicators of heavy metals pollution and 2) target of biological organisms for environmental impact studies.

n型Bi_(2-x)Sb_(x)Te_(3-y)Se_(y)基化合物的缺陷结构调控与电热输运性能

Bi_(2)Te_(3)基化合物是目前室温附近性能最好的热电材料,但其存在着大量复杂的缺陷结构,缺陷工程是调控材料热电性能的核心手段,因此理解和有效地调控缺陷形态和浓度是获得高性能Bi_(2)Te_(3)基热电材料的关键.本文系统地研究了四元n型Bi_(2-x)Sb_(x)Te_(3-y)Se_(y)基化合物的缺陷演化过程及其对热电输运性能的影响规律.Sb和Se的固溶引入的带电伴生结构缺陷使得材料的载流子浓度发生了巨大变化,在Bi_(2-x)Sb_(x)Te_(2.994)Cl_(0.006)样品中,Sb的固溶降低了反位缺陷Sb_(Te)_(2)形成能,诱导产生了反位缺陷Sb_(Te)_(2),使得少数载流子空穴浓度从2.09×10^(16)cm^(-3)增加至3.99×10^(17)cm^(-3),严重劣化了电性能.在Bi_(1.8)Sb_(0.2)Te_(2.994-y)Se_(y)Cl_(0.006)样品中,Se的固溶使得Se(Te)_(2)+SbBi的缺陷形成能更低,抑制了反位缺陷Sb_(Te)_(2)的产生,Bi_(1.8)Sb_(0.2)Te_(2.694)Se_(0.30)Cl_(0.006)样品的少数载流子空穴浓度降至1.49×10^(16)cm^(-3),消除了其对材料热电性能的劣化效果,显著地提升了材料的功率因子,室温下达到4.49 mW/(m·K^(2)).结合Sb和Se固溶增强合金化散射降低材料的热导率,Bi_(1.8)Sb_(0.2)Te_(2.844)Se_(0.15)Cl_(0.006)样品在室温下获得最大ZT值为0.98.该研究为调控具有复杂成分的Bi_(2)Te_(3)基材料的点缺陷、载流子浓度和热电性能提供了重要的指导.

胶质母细胞瘤中癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1的表达对M2型巨噬细胞极化的影响

目的探讨胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)中癌-睾丸抗原OY-TES-1的表达对M2型巨噬细胞极化的影响。方法体外培养人GBM细胞U251与人外周血单核细胞THP-1,构建稳定下调OY-TES-1的U251稳转株(U251-SH-OY-TES-1组),将转染无关序列的U251作为对照(U251-SH-NC组)。48h后取两组上清液与THP-1细胞共培养,加入U251-SH-NC组上清液的THP-1细胞为SH-NC组,加入U251-SH-OY-TES-1组上清液的THP-1细胞为SH-OY-TES-1组。通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法分别检测两组OY-TES-1mRNA和蛋白相对表达量,确定转染效率。通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测培养液中人白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、人转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达水平。通过流式细胞术检测CD206表达水平。结果RT-qPCR与蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,U251-SH-OY-TES-1组OY-TES-1mRNA和蛋白的相对表达量低于U251-SH-NC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,两组培养液中TGF-β、IL-10水平随培养时间的增加呈上升趋势。第0天、第2天SH-OY-TES-1组培养液中TGF-β水平显著低于SH-NC组(P<0.05),IL-10水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。第4天SH-OY-TES-1组培养液中TGF-β、IL-10水平显著低于SH-NC组(P<0.05)。流式细胞术结果显示,与SH-NC组比较,SH-OY-TES-1组CD206水平下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论GBM中OY-TES-1高表达能够促进M2型巨噬细胞的极化。

Te基热电器件反常界面层生长行为及界面稳定性研究

单质Te具有优异的热电优值(ZT),但其与金属电极连接界面处的剧烈元素交互扩散及反应会引入较大的接触电阻率(ρc),导致器件的转换效率(η)较低。因此,寻找合适的阻挡层来优化Te与金属电极间的连接至关重要。本研究基于梯度结构报道了一种宽相场Ni-Te合金阻挡层NiTe_(2-m)(NixTe(x=0.500~0.908))。结果表明,当x=0.500时,Ni_(0.5)Te/Te_(0.985)Sb_(0.015)/Ni_(0.5)Te器件的界面处无任何反应层及微观缺陷,ρ_(c)小于10μΩ·cm^(2),η在180K温差(热端温度473K)时达到了理论值的75%。同时,界面具有良好的热稳定性,在473K老化期间,界面微观组织、ρ_(c)以及η无明显变化。当x>0.500时,界面反应层厚度随x增大而逐渐减小,即主导界面反应层生长行为的因素并非常规的界面反应能及浓度梯度等热力学因素。进一步分析表明,反常生长源于动力学因素中的“原子空位”对反应层生成的迟滞作用。

长城沿线县域TES系统耦合协调性时空格局与空间效应

基于2015—2019年河北省长城沿线59个县域的面板数据,采用综合评价指标、耦合协调度模型和空间面板模型等方法,探索河北省长城沿线县域旅游产业、生态环境与社会效益三大子系统(TES)耦合协调性时空发展格局与空间效应。研究发现:(1)河北省长城沿线县域TES系统综合发展水平呈现波动上升态势,其中社会效益子系统和旅游产业子系统发展水平总体上呈现缓慢上升趋势,生态环境子系统的增长趋势不显著,且社会效益子系统>旅游产业子系统>生态环境子系统。(2)TES系统呈现高耦合低协调的特征,耦合协调水平整体上呈现良好的增长趋势,且地域分布格局呈现东北部>南部>中部>西北部的态势。(3)人口密度、经济发展水平、对外开放程度、技术创新和产业结构是影响TES系统耦合协调水平的重要因素,人口密度和产业结构会对邻近县域的TES系统耦合协调水平产生影响。基于以上结果提出相应的建议,为促进长城沿线县域TES系统协调发展提供科学依据。

六角GaM(M=S/Se/Te)的电子结构和力学性质的第一性原理计算

依据密度泛函理论(DFT)对层状六角P63/mmc结构的GaM(M=S/Se/Te)进行电子结构与弹性力学特性的模拟研究。优化后的P63/mmc-GaM(M=S/Se/Te)的晶格,与实验结果相吻合。采用HSE06泛函得到的带隙值比PBE得到的与实验值更接近。应变能-应变(E-S)和应力-应变(S-S)两种方法得到的P63/mmc-GaM(M=S/Se/Te)的单晶弹性常数都符合弹性力学稳定性准则。在更接近文献值的应力-应变(S-S)法基础上,对3种材料的多晶弹性模量等力学特性进行了后续分析。泊松比和B/G值表明,P63/mmc-GaM(M=S/Se/Te)显现出脆性。各向异性因子、杨氏模量E、剪切模量G及线性压缩系数β的三维立体图分别展示了材料的弹性各向异性程度。在零温零压下,P63/mmc-GaM(M=S/Se/Te)在[100]方向上的第一横向声速最大,在[001]方向上两个横波TA1和TA2的速度最慢。

A novel approach for observing band gap crossings using the SIMS technique in Pb_(1-x)Sn_(x)Te

This paper introduces a pioneering application of secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS)for estimating the electronic properties of Pb_(1-x)Sn_(x)Te,a compound categorized as a topological crystalline insulator.The proposed approach marks the first application of SIMS for such estimations and focuses on investigating variations in ionization probabilities and shifts in the energy distribution of secondary ions.The ionization probabilities are influenced by pivotal parameters such as the material's work function and electron affinity.The derivation of these parameters hinges upon the energy gap's positioning relative to the vacuum level for varying values of within the Pb_(1-x)Sn_(x)Te compound.The findings elucidate noteworthy alterations in SIMS signals,particularly near the critical point of band-gap closing.

Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

The Minamata Convention in the aim to protect human life and the environment, seeks to reduce mercury (Hg) by monitoring it concentrations in the environment. Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has been identified as the most important anthropogenic source of human exposure to Hg. In this context, the main goal of this study was to assess the level of mercury in hair of two (2) populations living along two lagoons respectively Aby and Tendo, in Ivory Coast. To reach this goal, hair samples of 138 residents were collected and analyzed by using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry (CV-AFS) technique for mercury concentration. Results showed that for the entire population the Hg mean was 2.34 μg/g. Also, they were ranged between 0.15 to 8.53 μg/g and presented substantial differences amongst the villages. In Aby village, we observed the highest Hg concentrations (Mean = 2.62 μg/g). Our findings showed that almost the entire sample group (82%) exceed the USEPA recommended limit, furthermore 56% of them exceed the normal level of WHO and 2% of the respondent has the unhealthy levels of mercury (≥6 μg Hg/g) of hair by WHO standards. Gender differences in hair mercury varies greatly among reports. Lower levels in women’s hair compared to men were reported in the both village. Considering age, the lowest concentrations were observed with children. However, when we take in account the age groups, data suggested that the most exposed sub-population of [18-29] years old is from Aby village in opposite at Frambo village, the same case those who were ≥ 40 years old. It’s convenient to note that, the proportion of Mercury levels would not to be neglected among studied population especially with the resident from Aby village. So, some measures need to be taken at the political level to control mercury contamination.