Analytical Solution and Simplified Formula for Added Mass of Horizontal and Vertical Motions of Truncated Cylinders Under Earthquake Action

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the cylinder is derived based on the radiation theory with the inviscid and incompressible assumptions.The governing equation is solved by using the method of separating variables and analytical solutions are obtained by assigning reasonable boundary conditions.The analytical result is validated by a numerical model using the exact artificial boundary simulation of the infinite water.The main variation and distribution characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the side and bottom of the cylinder are analyzed for different combinations of wide-height and immersion ratios.The added mass coefficient of the cylinder is calculated by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure and simplified formulas are proposed for engineering applications.The calculation results show that the simplified formulas are in good agreement with the analytical solutions.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NlInR2 mutants:Analyses of residual mRNA and truncated proteins

CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a powerful genome manipulation tool in insects.However,little is known about whether mRNA and protein of a target gene are completely cleared in homozygous mutants.This study generated homozygous mutants of the insulin receptor gene 2(NlInR2)in the brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens)using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.Both frameshift mutants,E5_D17 and E6_I7,differentiated towards long wings,but there were differences in wing morphology,with E5_D17 showing wing deformities.Subsequent investigations revealed the presence of residual expression of NlInR2 mRNA in both mutants,as well as the occurrence of spliceosomes featuring exon skipping splicing in E5_D17.Additionally,the E5_D17 exhibited the detection of N-terminally truncated NlInR2 protein.RNA interference experiments indicated that the knockdown of NlInR2 expression in the E5_D17 mutant line increased the proportion of wing deformities from 11.1 to 65.6%,suggesting that the residual NlInR2 mRNA of the E5_D17 mutant might have retained some genetic functions.Our results imply that systematic characterization of residual protein expression or function in CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutant lines is necessary for phenotypic interpretation.

Continuity of truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function

This paper focuses on the continuity of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function.We first show that the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is lower semi-continuous.Then by investigating the behavior of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function when the truncated parameterγchanges,we obtain an equivalent condition of the continuity of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function.

Quercetin inhibits truncated isoform of dopamine-and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein as adjuvant treatment for trastuzumab therapy resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer

Trastuzumab resistance is one of the causes of poor prognosis in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive(HER2+)breast cancer(BC).The truncated isoform of dopamine-and cAMPregulated phosphoprotein(t-DARPP)has been reported to be involved in trastuzumab therapy resistance and promoting tumor progression.To evaluate the t-DARPP expression in BC,paired tumors and surrounding normal tissues were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and confirmed higher DARPP-32 kDa family mRNA expression in HER2+BC tumor tissues.We established 2 patient-derived xenografts(PDX)mice models to test the efficacy of trastuzumab,named model 1(non-responder)and model 2(responder).t-DARPP and p95-HER2 protein-protein interactions were detected in PDX tumor tissue from non-responders using Förster resonance energy transfer assays.Instead,there is no response from the responder.Furthermore,mechanistic studies using transwell and western blot assays demonstrated that t-DARPP could upregulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling proteins,enhance p95-HER2 expression and promote cell migration.We found that quercetin effectively reduced t-DARPP expression in HER2+BC cells.In t-DARPP ShRNA-suppressed cells,quercetin synergistically enhanced trastuzumab-induced apoptotic cell death and G2/M phase arrest.In conclusion,the combination of quercetin and trastuzumab treatment by targeting t-DARPP in HER2+BC patients has the potential as a biomarker for mitigating drug resistance.

Modified DS np Chart Using Generalized Multiple Dependent State Sampling under Time Truncated Life Test

This study presents the design of a modified attributed control chart based on a double sampling(DS)np chart applied in combination with generalized multiple dependent state(GMDS)sampling to monitor the mean life of the product based on the time truncated life test employing theWeibull distribution.The control chart developed supports the examination of the mean lifespan variation for a particular product in the process of manufacturing.Three control limit levels are used:the warning control limit,inner control limit,and outer control limit.Together,they enhance the capability for variation detection.A genetic algorithm can be used for optimization during the in-control process,whereby the optimal parameters can be established for the proposed control chart.The control chart performance is assessed using the average run length,while the influence of the model parameters upon the control chart solution is assessed via sensitivity analysis based on an orthogonal experimental design withmultiple linear regression.A comparative study was conducted based on the out-of-control average run length,in which the developed control chart offered greater sensitivity in the detection of process shifts while making use of smaller samples on average than is the case for existing control charts.Finally,to exhibit the utility of the developed control chart,this paper presents its application using simulated data with parameters drawn from the real set of data.

Dynamics of Large-Truncated Mooring Systems Coupled with A Catenary Moored Semi-Submersible

With the floating structures pushing their activities to the ultra-deep water, model tests have presented a challenge due to the limitation of the existing wave basins. Therefore, the concept of truncated mooring system is implemented to replace the full depth mooring system in the model tests, which aims to have the same dynamic responses as the full depth system. The truncated mooring system plays such a significant role that extra attention should be paid to the mooring systems with large truncation factor. Three different types of large truncation factor mooring system are being employed in the simulations, including the homogenously truncated mooring system, non-homogenously truncated mooring system and simplified truncated mooring system. A catenary moored semi-submersible operating at 1000 m water depth is presented. In addition, truncated mooring systems are proposed at the truncated water depth of 200 m. In order to explore the applicability of these truncated mooring systems, numerical simulations of the platform’s surge free decay interacting with three different styles of truncated mooring systems are studied in calm water. Furthermore, the mooring-induced damping of the truncated mooring systems is simulated in the regular wave. Finally, the platform motion responses and mooring line dynamics are simulated in irregular wave. All these simulations are implemented by employing full time domain coupled dynamic analysis, and the results are compared with those of the full depth simulations in the same cases. The results show that the mooring-induced damping plays a significant role in platform motion responses, and all truncated mooring systems are suitable for model tests with appropriate truncated mooring line diameters. However, a large diameter is needed for simplified truncated mooring lines. The suggestions are given to the selection of truncated mooring system for different situations as well as to the truncated mooring design criteria.

Over-expressed and truncated midkines promote proliferation of BGC823 cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo

AIM： To determine whether midkine （M/O and its truncated form （tMK） contribute to gastric tumorigenesis using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS： Human MK and tMt（ plasmids were constructed and expressed in BGC823 （a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line） to investigate the effect of over-expressed MK or tMK on cell growth and turmorigenesis in nude mice. RESULTS： The growth of MK-transfected or tMK- transfected cells was significantly increased compared with that of the control cells, and tMK-transfected cells grew more rapidly than MK-transfected cells. The number of colony formation of the cells transfected with MK or tMK gene was larger than the control cells. In nude mice injected with MK-transfected or tMK-transfected cells, visible tumor was observed earlier and the tumor tissues were larger in size and weight than in control animals that were injected with cells without the transfection of either genes. CONCLUSION： Over-expressed MK or tMtC can promote human gastric cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, and bMK has greater effect than MK. tMK may be a more promising gene therapeutic target compared with MK for treatment of malignant tumors.

Nonlinear vibration of functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite truncated conical shell using first-order shear deformation theory

In this study,the first-order shear deformation theory(FSDT)is used to establish a nonlinear dynamic model for a conical shell truncated by a functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced composite(FG-GPLRC).The vibration analyses of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell are presented.Considering the graphene platelets(GPLs)of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell with three different distribution patterns,the modified Halpin-Tsai model is used to calculate the effective Young’s modulus.Hamilton’s principle,the FSDT,and the von-Karman type nonlinear geometric relationships are used to derive a system of partial differential governing equations of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell.The Galerkin method is used to obtain the ordinary differential equations of the truncated conical shell.Then,the analytical nonlinear frequencies of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell are solved by the harmonic balance method.The effects of the weight fraction and distribution pattern of the GPLs,the ratio of the length to the radius as well as the ratio of the radius to the thickness of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell on the nonlinear natural frequency characteristics are discussed.This study culminates in the discovery of the periodic motion and chaotic motion of the FG-GPLRC truncated conical shell.

Acquisition of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Maize Harboring a Truncated cry1Ah Gene via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation

A novel insecticidal gene crylAh was cloned from Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BT8 previously for plant genetic engineering improvement. Truncated active CrylAh toxin has a toxicity level similar to that of the full-length CrylAh toxin. In this study, plant expression vector pMhGM harboring truncated crylAh gene was transformed into maize （Zea mays L.） immature embryos by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation at which maize alcohol dehydrogenase matrix attachment regions （madMARs） were incorporated on both sides of the gene expression cassette to improve gene expression. A total of 23 PCR positive events were obtained with a transformation efficiency of 5% around. Bioassay results showed that events 1-4 and 1-5 exhibited enhanced resistance to the Asian corn borer （Ostriniafurnacalis）. These two events were further confirmed by molecular analysis. Southern blot suggested that a single copy of the crylAh gene was successfully integrated into the maize genome. Western blot and ELISA showed that the foreign gene crylAh was expressed stably at high level in maize and could be inherited stably over generations. The results of a bioassay of T l-T4 transgenic maize plants indicated that the transgenic plants were highly toxic to the Asian corn borer and their resistance could be inherited stably from generation to generation. Thus, events 1-4 and 1-5 are good candidates for the breeding of insect-resistant maize.

UNIQUENESS PROBLEM FOR MEROMORPHIC MAPPINGS IN SEVERAL COMPLEX VARIABLES INTO P^N(C) WITH TRUNCATED MULTIPLICITIES

This paper proves some uniqueness theorems for meromorphic mappings in several complex variables into the complex projective space p^N（C） with truncated multiplicities, and our results improve some earlier work.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAVELET-BASED TRUNCATED CONICAL SHELL ELEMENT USING B-SPLINE WAVELET ON THE INTERVAL

Based on B-spline wavelet on the interval （BSWI）, two classes of truncated conical shell elements were constructed to solve axisymmetric problems, i.e. BSWI thin truncated conical shell element and BSWI moderately thick truncated conical shell element with independent slopedeformation interpolation. In the construction of wavelet-based element, instead of traditional polynomial interpolation, the scaling functions of BSWI were employed to form the shape functions through the constructed elemental transformation matrix, and then construct BSWI element via the variational principle. Unlike the process of direct wavelets adding in the wavelet Galerkin method, the elemental displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelets expansion was transformed into edges and internal modes via the constructed transformation matrix. BSWI element combines the accuracy of B-spline function approximation and various wavelet-based elements for structural analysis. Some static and dynamic numerical examples of conical shells were studied to demonstrate the present element with higher efficiency and precision than the traditional element.

Dynamic Response Analysis of the Equivalent Water Depth Truncated Point of the Catenary Mooring Line

The real-time computer-controlled actuators are used to connect the truncated parts of moorings and risers in the active hybrid model testing system. This must be able to work in model-scale real time, based on feedback input from the floater motions. Thus, mooring line dynamics and damping effects are artificially simulated in real time, based on a computer-based model of the problem. In consideration of the nonlinear characteristics of the sea platform catenary mooring line, the equations of the mooring line motion are formulated by using the lumped-mass method and the dynamic response of several points on the mooring line is investigated by the time and frequency domain analysis method. The dynamic response of the representative point on the mooring line is analyzed under the condition of two different corresponding upper endpoint movements namely sine wave excitation and random wave excitation. The corresponding laws of the dynamic response between the equivalent water depth truncated points at different locations and the upper endpoint are obtained, which can provide technical support for further study of the active hybrid model test.

KERNEL ESTIMATION OF HIGHER DERIVATIVES OF DENSITY AND HAZARD RATE FUNCTION FOR TRUNCATED AND CENSORED DEPENDENT DATA

Based on left truncated and right censored dependent data, the estimators of higher derivatives of density function and hazard rate function are given by kernel smoothing method. When observed data exhibit α-mixing dependence, local properties including strong consistency and law of iterated logarithm are presented. Moreover, when the mode estimator is defined as the random variable that maximizes the kernel density estimator, the asymptotic normality of the mode estimator is established.

A connection between the(G'/G)-expansion method and the truncated Painlevé expansion method and its application to the mKdV equation

Recently the （G′/G）-expansion method was proposed to find the traveling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. This paper shows that the （G′/G）-expansion method is a special form of the truncated Painlev＇e expansion method by introducing an intermediate expansion method. Then the generalized （G′/G）-（G/G′） expansion method is naturally derived from the standpoint of the nonstandard truncated Painlev＇e expansion. The application of the generalized method to the mKdV equation shows that it extends the range of exact solutions obtained by using the （ G′/ G）-expansion method.

Solving ill-conditioning observation equations via truncated SVD

To mitigate the ill effects and obtain more accurate and stable solution of the observation equations, the so-called truncated singular-value decomposition (TSVD) method is introduced by modifying the small (nonzero) singular values of the coefficients matrix. The proposed method directly disposed the ill-conditioning observation equations, which differs considerably from the traditional normal equation method. An application explains that TSVD can mitigate the ill conditioning.

Buckling analysis of functionally graded material(FGM) sandwich truncated conical shells reinforced by FGM stiffeners filled inside by elastic foundations

An analytical solution for buckling of an eccentrically stiffened sandwich truncated conical shell is investigated. The shell consists of two functionally graded material （FGM） coating layers and a core layer which are metal or ceramic subjected to an axial compressive load and an external uniform pressure. Shells are reinforced by stringers and rings, in which the material properties of shells and stiffeners are graded in the thickness direction following a general sigmoid law distribution. Two models of coated shell-stiffener arrangements are investigated. The change of the spacing between stringers in the meridional direction is taken into account. A couple set of three-variable- coefficient partial differential equations in terms of displacement components are solved by the Galerkin method. A closed-form expression for determining the buckling load is obtained. The numerical examples are presented and compared with previous works.

Truncated sparse approximation property and truncated q-norm minimization

This paper considers approximately sparse signal and low-rank matrix’s recovery via truncated norm minimization minx∥xT∥q and minX∥XT∥Sq from noisy measurements.We first introduce truncated sparse approximation property,a more general robust null space property,and establish the stable recovery of signals and matrices under the truncated sparse approximation property.We also explore the relationship between the restricted isometry property and truncated sparse approximation property.And we also prove that if a measurement matrix A or linear map A satisfies truncated sparse approximation property of order k,then the first inequality in restricted isometry property of order k and of order 2k can hold for certain different constantsδk andδ2k,respectively.Last,we show that ifδs(k+|T^c|)<√(s-1)/s for some s≥4/3,then measurement matrix A and linear map A satisfy truncated sparse approximation property of order k.It should be pointed out that when Tc=Ф,our conclusion implies that sparse approximation property of order k is weaker than restricted isometry property of order sk.

Hydrodynamic interactions of water waves with a group of independently oscillating truncated circular cylinders

In this study, we examine the water wave radiation by arrays of truncated circular cylinders. Each cylinder can oscillate independently in any rigid oscillation mode with a prescribed amplitude, including translational and rotational modes such as surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll, and their combinations. Based on the eigenfunction expansion and Graf＇s addition theorem for Bessel functions, we developed an analytical method that includes the effects of evanescent modes in order to analyze such arrays of cylinders. To investigate the effects of several influential factors on convergence,our objective is to dramatically reduce the number of tests required and determine the influencing relationships between truncation number and convergence behavior for different factor combinations. We use the orthogonal test method to fulfill the objective. Lastly, we present our results regarding the effects of evanescent modes on hydrodynamic coefficients.

A KERNEL-TYPE ESTIMATOR OF A QUANTILE FUNCTION UNDER RANDOMLY TRUNCATED DATA

A kernel-type estimator of the quantile function Q（p） = inf{t：F（t） ≥ p}, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1, is proposed based on the kernel smoother when the data are subjected to random truncation. The Bahadur-type representations of the kernel smooth estimator are established, and from Bahadur representations the authors can show that this estimator is strongly consistent, asymptotically normal, and weakly convergent.

Couple stress-based nonlinear primary resonant dynamics of FGM composite truncated conical microshells integrated with magnetostrictive layers

The size-dependent geometrically nonlinear harmonically soft excited oscillation of composite truncated conical microshells(CTCMs)made of functionally graded materials(FGMs)integrated with magnetostrictive layers is analyzed.It is supposed that the FGM CTCMs are subjected to mechanical soft excitations together with external magnetic fields.An analytical framework is created by a microstructuredependent shell model having the 3rd-order distribution of shear deformation based on the modified couple stress(MCS)continuum elasticity.With the aid of the discretized form of differential operators developed via the generalized differential quadrature technique,a numerical solution methodology is introduced for obtaining the couple stress-based amplitude and frequency responses related to the primary resonant dynamics of the FGM CTCMs.Jump phenomena due to the loss of the first stability branch and falling down to the lower stable branch can be seen in the nonlinear primary resonance of the FGM CTCMs.It is demonstrated that the hardening type of nonlinearity results in bending the frequency response to the right side,and the MCS type of size effect weakens this pattern.Moreover,for higher material gradient indexes,the hardening type of nonlinearity is enhanced,and the MCS-based frequency response bends more considerably to the right side.