Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder most likely caused by chromosomal mosaicism. HI patients may suffer from numerous clinical manifestations, but the expression of the disease is highly variab...Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder most likely caused by chromosomal mosaicism. HI patients may suffer from numerous clinical manifestations, but the expression of the disease is highly variable. Ophthalmologic, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and dental anomalies may be associated with the syndrome. The dental abnormalities found in HI include talon cusps, a single maxillary central in-cisor, enamel defects, hypodontia, and irregularly spaced teeth. The aim of this case report is to present multiple talon cusps, dens in dente and concrescence of maxillary permanent incisors in an 8-year-old boy affected with hypomelanosis of Ito. This unusual dental anomaly has been described in two previous reports of this neurocutaneous syndrome. HI can be difficult to diagnose, these dental findings may help to identify the syndrome in cases where other findings are minimal or atypical.展开更多
Raptors share a common predatory lifestyle,but are different in food preferences and hunting behavior.The grip force and talons’grasping capabilities are fundamentally crucial for subduing and killing their prey to f...Raptors share a common predatory lifestyle,but are different in food preferences and hunting behavior.The grip force and talons’grasping capabilities are fundamentally crucial for subduing and killing their prey to feed,but the abilities and differences to generate force are less known.In this study,the entire pelvic muscles were dissected with the muscle mass and fibre length measured and physiological cross-sectional area counted in the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus),Eurasian Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus),and Long-eared Owl(Asio otus).Statistical tests were performed to explore the possible differences in architectural parameters among species.These species were same in distributing the greatest proportion of muscle mass to the shank region and the digital flexor functional group,allocating more than 60%muscle mass in relation to total single leg muscle mass to the same seven individual muscles including flexor digitorum longus(FDL),flexor hallucis longus(FHL),and tibialis cranialis(TC)which are three major muscles responsible for talon closure.Interspecies differentiations were most present in the shank and tarsus instead of other regions of the leg,which might reflect their difference in hunting mode and foot use.Greater force-generation capacity of FHL and some anatomical features suggest that digits 1and 2 work together as an efficiently vise-like set,playing more critical role than digits 3–4 in foraging of diurnal raptors but to a different degree.In accordance with zygodactyl foot morphology,each digit of the Long-eared Owl plays a subequal role when hunting,evidenced by anatomical and architectural features.Because of its unique insertion to the base of the pygostyle,the striking numerical difference in the development of M.caudofemoralis was possibly related to raptors’flight behavior and feeding ecology.Concluded from anatomical and architectural aspects,the similarities and differences of the hindlimb musculature were correlated to common predatory lifestyle and different foraging behaviors in three raptor species.These results illustrated the underlying myological basis for the functional capacities of the leg muscles and may provide additional information useful in further biomechanical investigation and computer simulation.展开更多
Using Mbane Biouele formula derived in 2009 on the troposphere thermoelastic properties leads to thermal and kinematic profiles of major atmospheric disturbances which clearly indicate that these terrible events for m...Using Mbane Biouele formula derived in 2009 on the troposphere thermoelastic properties leads to thermal and kinematic profiles of major atmospheric disturbances which clearly indicate that these terrible events for men should not be viewed with fatalism. This unexpected truth is unfortunately always obscured by media outlets of brilliant TV presenters or famous workshops panelists that focus attention on the excessively sensational meteorology (unfortunately folk and pernicious) instead of worrying about the seriousness that should characterize all interventions on the climate study or prediction. Good weather conditions, it is undeniable, facilitate an excellent running of almost all human activities like sports, transport, agricultural activities, celebrations of events, etc.... Far more serious, the advent of supercomputers and satellites could, if their valuable information is used solely for the theatricalization of weather events, trigger the decline of the scientific discipline of great public utility that is meteorology. Indeed, many meteorologists acquire very big head when they succeed in acquiring advanced equipment. Without prejudging what meteorology will become in the future, we hope that the work done in this article will remind each researchers that much remains to be done to promote climate studies. We remind quite emphatically that both hurricanes and cyclones have their weak-points (or talon d’Achilles in French) and thus, researchers should begin to think about “how to neutralize atmospheric disturbances that have both a large and a strong destructive power”.展开更多
文摘Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder most likely caused by chromosomal mosaicism. HI patients may suffer from numerous clinical manifestations, but the expression of the disease is highly variable. Ophthalmologic, musculoskeletal, neurologic, and dental anomalies may be associated with the syndrome. The dental abnormalities found in HI include talon cusps, a single maxillary central in-cisor, enamel defects, hypodontia, and irregularly spaced teeth. The aim of this case report is to present multiple talon cusps, dens in dente and concrescence of maxillary permanent incisors in an 8-year-old boy affected with hypomelanosis of Ito. This unusual dental anomaly has been described in two previous reports of this neurocutaneous syndrome. HI can be difficult to diagnose, these dental findings may help to identify the syndrome in cases where other findings are minimal or atypical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31970411)。
文摘Raptors share a common predatory lifestyle,but are different in food preferences and hunting behavior.The grip force and talons’grasping capabilities are fundamentally crucial for subduing and killing their prey to feed,but the abilities and differences to generate force are less known.In this study,the entire pelvic muscles were dissected with the muscle mass and fibre length measured and physiological cross-sectional area counted in the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus),Eurasian Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus),and Long-eared Owl(Asio otus).Statistical tests were performed to explore the possible differences in architectural parameters among species.These species were same in distributing the greatest proportion of muscle mass to the shank region and the digital flexor functional group,allocating more than 60%muscle mass in relation to total single leg muscle mass to the same seven individual muscles including flexor digitorum longus(FDL),flexor hallucis longus(FHL),and tibialis cranialis(TC)which are three major muscles responsible for talon closure.Interspecies differentiations were most present in the shank and tarsus instead of other regions of the leg,which might reflect their difference in hunting mode and foot use.Greater force-generation capacity of FHL and some anatomical features suggest that digits 1and 2 work together as an efficiently vise-like set,playing more critical role than digits 3–4 in foraging of diurnal raptors but to a different degree.In accordance with zygodactyl foot morphology,each digit of the Long-eared Owl plays a subequal role when hunting,evidenced by anatomical and architectural features.Because of its unique insertion to the base of the pygostyle,the striking numerical difference in the development of M.caudofemoralis was possibly related to raptors’flight behavior and feeding ecology.Concluded from anatomical and architectural aspects,the similarities and differences of the hindlimb musculature were correlated to common predatory lifestyle and different foraging behaviors in three raptor species.These results illustrated the underlying myological basis for the functional capacities of the leg muscles and may provide additional information useful in further biomechanical investigation and computer simulation.
文摘Using Mbane Biouele formula derived in 2009 on the troposphere thermoelastic properties leads to thermal and kinematic profiles of major atmospheric disturbances which clearly indicate that these terrible events for men should not be viewed with fatalism. This unexpected truth is unfortunately always obscured by media outlets of brilliant TV presenters or famous workshops panelists that focus attention on the excessively sensational meteorology (unfortunately folk and pernicious) instead of worrying about the seriousness that should characterize all interventions on the climate study or prediction. Good weather conditions, it is undeniable, facilitate an excellent running of almost all human activities like sports, transport, agricultural activities, celebrations of events, etc.... Far more serious, the advent of supercomputers and satellites could, if their valuable information is used solely for the theatricalization of weather events, trigger the decline of the scientific discipline of great public utility that is meteorology. Indeed, many meteorologists acquire very big head when they succeed in acquiring advanced equipment. Without prejudging what meteorology will become in the future, we hope that the work done in this article will remind each researchers that much remains to be done to promote climate studies. We remind quite emphatically that both hurricanes and cyclones have their weak-points (or talon d’Achilles in French) and thus, researchers should begin to think about “how to neutralize atmospheric disturbances that have both a large and a strong destructive power”.
