Curved Spine:The Shape of Spine in Taoist Body Diagrams and Its Influence on Medical Body Diagrams

From the early Taoist diagrams of the human body to the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,Taoists exaggerated and deformed the human spine in a shape-shifting manner.It is likely that medical practitioners were influenced by this style of representation,and there are also numerous diagrams of the human body with the curved spine in the lateral-view diagrams of viscera and Ming Tang Tu(明堂图Acupuncture and Moxibustion Chart),which constantly show the human torso in an elliptical“egg shape”.No later than the Ming dynasty,medical practitioners began to depict the actual physiological spinal curve of the human body.By the Qing dynasty,the depiction of the spinal curve in medical diagrams of the human figure showed a tendency to part ways with the Taoist freehand style of the previous generation.Although the representation of the curve of the spine was very crude,later medical images of the human body at least gradually straightened the spine and no longer depicted it in a shape-shifting manner.However,the curved spine in Taoist diagrams of the human body continued to exist,and the presentation of the curved spine never changed.This way of depicting its appearance,which is very different from reality,is shaped by Taoism's special way of perceiving and viewing the body,and may also contain another form of truth.

Research on Health Tourism Development Based on Taoist Culture——A Case Study of Mao Mountain Scenic Area in Jurong City of China

In accordance with relevant theories of health tourism and Taoist health culture,backgrounds for health tourism development in Mao Mountain had been analyzed from perspectives of geographic conditions,environmental resources and source market.It pointed out that brand effect of Mao Mountain Scenic Area had initially formed and "snack" tourism became prominent.After conclusion of necessity and feasibility to develop health tourism in Mao Mountain,it proposed strategies to develop health tourism in Mao Mountain which were "indentifying Taoist health theme,creating harmonious ecological environment,developing characteristic products and completing service system".

Influence of Confucian and Taoist Cultures on Vernacular Dwellings in Jiaodong Area of China

By analyzing influence of Confucian and Taoist cultures on vernacular dwellings in Jiaodong area,especially the influence of "the doctrine of the mean" on architectural layouts of local dwellings,influence of benevolence and social institutions on the spatial sequence of local dwellings,it was pointed out that Confucian cultures enhanced the hierarchy of spaces,boundaries between internal and external spaces,symmetric layouts and orderly rhythm of courtyards;and meanwhile,the influence of Taoist cultures on the formation of villages in Jiaodong area was also analyzed,the natural philosophy implied in local dwellings was highlighted,such as "Dealing with the nature with natural laws","Going in a natural way","Governing by doing nothing that goes against the nature" and "Respecting natural properties".Based on field investigation of existing vernacular dwellings,common and plain cultural value,realistic significance and sustainability of these dwellings were explored to provide theoretical and practical foundation for the design of new folk houses.

On the Relationship between Chinese Taoist Rites and Agriculture

There is a close relationship between Taoism and traditional agriculture in China. This relationship is also manifested in the relationship between Taoist rites and agriculture: the Taoist rites have obvious awareness of stressing the agriculture; holding of Taoist rites,gods worshiped in rites,offerings used,and grain consumed are connected with the agriculture; many actions in rites have nature of imitating the agriculture. The concept of " quietness" and " cleanness" in rites can cultivate the awareness of farmers for respecting the agriculture.

Research on the Strategic Model for the Translation of Taoist Classics Based on Adaptation Theory

The core view of the adaptation theory is that language has a systematic propagation law,and language translation should be unfolded and extended according to the basic structure of the system.This paper has conducted an in-depth study on the translation of classics of the Taoist culture,with the purpose of improving the accuracy of the translation strategy.This paper also focuses on adaptation theory and taking the continuation and adaptation process of discourse as the core of the research,and conducts the construction analysis on the strategic model.The content of this paper is predicted to offer some simple translation reference ideas for professional translators who are dedicated to the direction of classics.

Study on the Art of Stone Piling in Jiangnan Gardens under the Influence of Taoist Aesthetic Thought in Ming and Qing Dynasties

This paper explored the signifi cant impact of Taoist views on stone-piled rockeries in Jiangnangardens (Jiangnan refers to southern region of the Yangtze River) in Ming and Qing dynasties from theperspectives of morphology (Xing ), meaning (Yi ), pneuma (Qi ), including the view for life “modeling afterthe nature and valuing authenticity” in Taoist aesthetics , view of space “only Tao gathering nothingness”,and ecological ethical view of “everything as the same”. Moreover, it disclosed the process of gardenrockery design’s simulation of nature and aesthetic renovation, reviewed aesthetic value of garden rockeries,and contributed to the further understanding of garden design.

The Evolution of Landscape Layout Concept of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples in the Qing Dynasty

The replacement of Lingnan Taoist Zuting Temples from Lingbao Sect to Quanzhen Sect in the Qing Dynasty has led to the change of the layout of Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain. Through literature review, field research, image comparison and other research methods, the paper explores how the layout of the Taoist temples on Luofu Mountain evolved from the Four Taoist Temples in the Gehong period to the Five Taoist Temples in the Qing Dynasty under the influence of different Taoist ideologies, aiming to explore the cultural implications of the evolution of the layout of Lingnan Taoism Zuting Temple in the Qing Dynasty.

A Review on the Post-Earthquake Emergency Conservation Project of Fulong Taoist Temple

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province caused significant damage to Dujiangyan irrigation system,which is one of the world's cultural heritages.After the earthquake,the Chinese government launched the post-earthquake emergency conservation project for cultural heritages.The Fulong Taoist Temple in Dujiangyan was the first to adopt the conservation project.The earthquake-damaged Fulong Taoist Temple was restored in just 18 months.This article reviews the entire emergency conservation project of Fulong Taoist Temple in Dujiangyan after the earthquake,discusses the restoration principles and technical methods used in this project,and uses the comments of the Asia-Pacific Heritage Protection Award to expound the historical significance of this protection project.

Resources and utilization of Taoist Medicinal Plants distributed in Wudang Mountain

The purposes of this investigation were： （1） to document Taoist herbal medicine in Wudang District, including whichplant species and the ways of processing and administrations; （2） to compare the utilization of medicinal herbs of Taoist medicinein Wudang Disctrict and Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）. In this study, based on our botanical survey, 178 species medicinalplants belonging to 75 families were recorded by Wudaug Taoist. Out of these, the most important species were Compositae,Labiatae, Liliaceae, Leguminosae, Berberidaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae and Ranunculaceae. The study revealed that wine,tea and bath were most popular forms of administration in Taoist medicine. Our study is the first time to document Taoist medicinesystematically. Taoist medicine culture can have its characteristics and bring honor to the world cultural hefitage--Wudang Mountains,and then make greater contributions for human health and longevity.

道家美学视角下民宿设计的问题及创新研究

道家美学强调自然、返璞归真、无为而治等理念,否定违反自然本性的形式主义。民宿作为新兴旅游产业居住模式,所处地位决定了其应有别于一般旅馆设计。目前以城市周边延伸至乡村的民宿,大多依赖景区统一建设或民房改造,设计风格趋于同质,缺乏特色且偏离自然发展的生态理念。依据道家美学“道法自然”的核心观点,总结城乡民宿设计现有目标定位模糊、设计形式雷同、传统美学欠缺的问题,从选址、形式及空间组合方面提出了崇尚自然、去繁就简、虚实无形、知白守黑的创新设计方法。文章探讨了提升居住品质、延续地域文化风貌、体现人文与自然融合共生的道家美学理念,为丰富住宿体验,促进人居生态环境改善,助力城市周边及乡村旅游可持续发展提供设计参考。

法相威仪:《吴全节十四像并赞卷》法服像研究

美国波士顿美术博物馆藏《吴全节十四像并赞卷》表现了元代玄教第二代掌教吴全节一生中的14个重要场景,其中六幅描绘了举行道教仪式时穿着道服的法衣像。这些画像忠实反映了元代玄教高道的法服制度,其中玉环、如意莲花冠和织金法服体现了吴全节与蒙元帝王的交往细节,填补了今人对元大都道教服饰传统的认知空白,对于服饰史和道教史研究均具有重要价值。

“道家式教师”:缘由、内涵与本土探索方法

“道家式教师”是近30年来西方学者提出和使用的概念。它是道家思想在教师形象和行为上的反映。在已有研究中,“道家式教师”的特点主要体现在能够以“静”守住教师人格和身份的“本真”,以“接纳”带来对全体学生的“包容”,以“无为”开展自然流动式的教学。对“道家式教师”进行本土探索和现代转化需要以研究方法上的思考为前提,注重从先秦道家经典中探索“道家式教师”的理论原型,通过理论比较来构建其现代教育场域中的概念内涵,并以实证研究来探索其可行性,这有助于这个概念在构建中国式现代化教育的过程中发挥出更大的理论和实践力量。

在现代性困惑中发现东方--劳伦斯·宾雍与道家美学

启蒙运动以来,随着科学主义的兴盛和宗教信仰的式微,现代性问题的不断激化加剧了欧洲对自身社会结构和文化结构的不满。西方学者在反思和批判现代性的过程中,不仅试图从资本主义社会内部寻求化解现代性矛盾的方法,同时也转向东方探寻一种新的思维方式,以此来“疗愈”文化和心理上的焦虑。中国道家美学精神的价值在反思现代性的时代议题下被重新发掘出来。英国诗人、艺术批评家和汉学家劳伦斯·宾雍以中国艺术为载体对道家美学精神的阐扬,不仅加快了欧洲重估中国艺术和美学价值的历史进程,同时对西方物我失衡的宇宙观和科学原则至上的时代艺术观进行反拨和纠偏,促成了欧洲现代主义对中国艺术美学的吸收和借鉴。

建构与层累:汉末以来董奉形象变化考述

董奉是一位汉魏之交长期活动于江南一带的民间巫师,在庐山归隐终老后,被后世塑造成一位道教仙人的形象,与华佗、张仲景并称“建安三神医”,其标志性符号有“福山”“杏林”等。然而,董奉的形象并非一直以“神医”得以彰显,而是经历了从神仙到神医的转变。自汉末以来,董奉的人物形象经历了三次建构:从葛洪《神仙传》中的道教仙人形象记载,到唐宋时期对其仙人身份的官方敕封和道教徒推广,再到元代以后逐渐由文人士大夫对其医者形象的再次书写,董奉的形象经历了民间巫祝—官封神灵—仁心良医的转变。董奉形象的第一次建构缘于早期道教争取官方与民间支持的发展策略筹划;第二次建构则缘于唐宋时期国家意志与地方传统结合下地方宗教对合法获得收益与支持的认识实践方式;第三次重构的原因主要是元明时期医者地位的提升,以及文人士大夫赞誉医者或借喻标榜自身德行的儒医结合倾向的具体表现。但在这几次形象建构中,董奉的超自然属性没有随着时间的推进而有新的神迹,而且因后人加注而屡遭失载,进而限制了董奉信仰的广泛流传。经过这三次人物形象建构后,与华佗、张仲景不同,董奉在元代之后甚至未成为十大名医配飨三皇。而民间、官方对董奉的态度,也从魏晋时期的民间崇拜,至唐宋时期官方认可并大加敕封,南宋后已变为“事迹失注”,最终成为元以来文人士大夫赠答歌颂的良医标杆,并被固定下来至今日。在董奉人物形象的塑造过程中,完成了从神仙到神医的转变,体现了历史人物建构的复杂过程。

《仙传拾遗·马周》的文本建构及寓意——兼论神仙传记对历史人物的神性叙述

神仙传记的一般模式为“仙真养成记”或“仙真灵验记”,而《仙传拾遗·马周》一文打破了既往的写作模式。杜光庭在文中着意表达的是一位迷失本性的仙官如何寻回本真的过程。杜光庭将马周设定为华山素灵宫仙官,奉仙王之命赴长安辅佐李世民安邦定国的情节设定,说明他把道教与李唐王朝的天命紧密结合在一起。不论是长安与华山的地理位置,还是马周与李世民“君臣道合”的关系,杜光庭都对此进行了周密构思,以强化道教的“国教”地位。此文虽是为马周立传,但主旨却是在传递“君权神授”的天命观。这种天命观深植于中国的古史文化传统中。