Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric...Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.展开更多
Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetabl...Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].展开更多
This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing...This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were much higher than those for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.展开更多
Zn(O,S)(zinc oxysulfide) is an important chalcogenide material recently reported to be potentially applied as electrode buffers in thin film solar cells. Both vacuum and solution approaches have enabled the fabric...Zn(O,S)(zinc oxysulfide) is an important chalcogenide material recently reported to be potentially applied as electrode buffers in thin film solar cells. Both vacuum and solution approaches have enabled the fabrication of Zn(O,S) films. However they either require extreme conditions and high energy consumption for synthesis, or suffer from lack of controllability mainly due to the thermodynamic and kinetic distinction between Zn O and Zn S during film growth. Here we demonstrated an effective electrodeposition route to obtain high-quality Zn(O,S) thin films in a controllable manner. Importantly, tartaric acid was employed as a secondary complexing agent in the electrolyte to improve the film morphology, as well as to adjust other key properties such as composition and absorption. To elucidate the vital role that tartaric acid played, thermodynamic and kinetic processes of electrodeposition was investigated and discussed in detail. The accumulative contribution has shed light on further exploit of Zn(O,S) with tunable properties and optimization of the corresponding electrodeposition process, for the application in thin film solar cells.展开更多
Distribution behavior of ketoprofen enantiomers was examined in methanol aqueous and organic solvent mixture containing tartaric esters. The influence of length of alkyl chain of tartaric esters, concentration of L-ta...Distribution behavior of ketoprofen enantiomers was examined in methanol aqueous and organic solvent mixture containing tartaric esters. The influence of length of alkyl chain of tartaric esters, concentration of L-tartaric esters and methanol aqueous, kind of organic solvent on partition ratio and separation factors was investigated. The results show that L-tartaric and D-tartaric esters have different chiral recognition abilities. S-ketoprofen is easily extracted by L-tartaric esters, and R-ketoprofen is easily extracted by D-tartaric esters. L-tartaric esters form more stable diastereomeric complexes with S-enantiomer than that with R-enantiomer. This distribution behavior is consistent with chiral recognition mechanism. With the increase of the concentration of tartaric ester from 0 to 0.3 mol/L, partition coefficient K and separation factor a increase. Also, the kind of organic solvent and the concentration of the methanol aqueous have significant influence on K and a.展开更多
A new type of di benzoyl tartaric acid selective electr ode has been developed. Three double\| arm calixarene derivatives were emp loyed as the neutral ionophores. The poly(vinyl chloride) me...A new type of di benzoyl tartaric acid selective electr ode has been developed. Three double\| arm calixarene derivatives were emp loyed as the neutral ionophores. The poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode containing an amide derivative of ca lixarene as the neutral carrier an d a dibutyl phthalate as the plastici zer exhibited the highest sensitivity for dibenzoyl tartaric acid. The slop e of linear portion was 27.8 mV per c oncertration decade. The electrode has a fast response and a long lifetime .展开更多
Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explo...Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explored in perovskite precursor with notable achievements in the development of highperformance PSCs. Herein, tartaric acid(TA) was applied as additive in perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth leading to high quality thin films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations favoring efficient charge transport along multiple directions. It is also noticed that TA can improve the energy level alignment in PSCs, which effectively accelerates both carrier extraction and transportation with non-radiative recombination suppressed at the perovskite interfaces. Based on the present perovskite films, the fabricated PSCs achieved an excellent champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.82% from that of 19.70% for the control device without TA additive. In addition, a PSC with TA additive was shown to exhibit impressive operational stability by retaining 92% of its initial PCE after~1200 h of aging at room temperature in ambient air with a relative humidity of about 10%–25%. In summary, the present work demonstrates a facile and versatile approach by using TA as additive in perovskite precursor to fabricate high quality perovskite films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations for high-efficiency stable PSCs.展开更多
The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartar...The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartaric acid comes from natural sources, however there is no specific regulation for this claim. This paper describes the use of isotope mass spectrometry associated with chemometrics to classify different samples of tartaric acid. The results showed that the variables δ^13C, δ^18O and δ^2H allowed the discrimination of tartaric acid samples by geographical origin and production method. By using a combination of chemometfic analysis it was possible to confirm a notoriousseparation of the samples. Thus, this is a promising method to be applied in the quality control and authenticity of tartaric acid.展开更多
A comparative research has been developed for acidity and stability constants of M(TTA)1 and M(Asp)2 complexes which have been determined by potentiometric pH titration. Depending on metal ion–binding properties, vit...A comparative research has been developed for acidity and stability constants of M(TTA)1 and M(Asp)2 complexes which have been determined by potentiometric pH titration. Depending on metal ion–binding properties, vital differences in building complex were observed. The present study shows that in M(TTA) complexes, metal ions are coordinated to the carboxyl groups, but in M(Asp) some metal ions are able to build macrochelate over amine group. Hence, the following intermolecular and as a result independent concentration equilibrium between an open–isomer M(Asp)op and a closed–isomer M(Asp)cl, has to be considered cl op. The amounts are reported. The results mentioned above demonstrate that for some M(Asp) complexes the stability constants is also largely determined by the affinity of metal ions for amine group. This leads to a kind of selectivity of metal ions and transfer them via building complexes with the aspartate. The result of this effect is a higher dosage-absorption of minerals in body. Based on the sort of metal ions, the drug-therapy can be different. For heavy metal ions this building complex helps the absorption and filtration of the blood plasma, and consequently the excursion of heavy metal ions takes place. This is an important method in microdialysis. Other metal ions such as the complexes can be considered as mineral carriers. These complexes in certain conditions (PH–range) can release the minerals in body.展开更多
The polymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile using ceric ion as initiator can be promoted greatly by the tartaric acid. The kinetics of acrylamide polymerization initiated by ceric ion/tartaric acid has been stu...The polymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile using ceric ion as initiator can be promoted greatly by the tartaric acid. The kinetics of acrylamide polymerization initiated by ceric ion/tartaric acid has been studied. The presence of the species of tartaric acid in Polyacrylonitrile produced by using ceric ion/tartaric acid as niitiator has been confirmed by FT-IR analysis.展开更多
Biomass has the potential and benefits of being an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels that exist today in Indonesia and other tropical countries. In addition, biomass has an abundant stock or supply. By...Biomass has the potential and benefits of being an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels that exist today in Indonesia and other tropical countries. In addition, biomass has an abundant stock or supply. By assessing the feasibility of recovering potassium, it is hoped that more potassium resources and in future Indonesia will be dependent on imported fertilizers and increase the agricultural industry, which is the aims of this study. The best extraction result is using CH<sub>3</sub>COOH. Treatment of 1:10 solid-liquid ratio with the help of 1 mol/l CH<sub>3</sub>COOH was chosen as the best treatment because it is more economically efficient. Recovery of K with the help of tartaric acid and acetic acid resulted in a K recovery efficiency of around 94%. The optimal condition for the syngenite method is the addition of a magnesium dose of 5 mmol/l and at pH 11, the Ca: K ratio is 1:2.1 with 42% K. This can be a suggestion which method is more effective and efficient in recovery K.展开更多
The polyaddition of isocyanate and polyol to form polyurethane elastomers has rarely been applied to the construction of chiral polyurethane elastomers. Hence, the introduction of chiral units via polyaddition remains...The polyaddition of isocyanate and polyol to form polyurethane elastomers has rarely been applied to the construction of chiral polyurethane elastomers. Hence, the introduction of chiral units via polyaddition remains a challenging subject in polymer chemistry. In this study, the synthesis of chiral polyurethane elastomers using an aromatic isocyanate, polyols (polyether and polyester polyols), and L(+)-, D(−)-, or meso-tartaric acid by a one-shot method is investigated. The polymers are characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and their thermal properties are investigated by TGA, DMA, and DSC analyses. The optical activities of the polymers are confirmed by rotation. The use of chiral tartaric acids is essential to obtain the desired chiral polyurethane elastomers.展开更多
Organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have potential applications in information technology and bioimaging.However,the precise control of the afterglow in reversible manners remains challenging for or...Organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have potential applications in information technology and bioimaging.However,the precise control of the afterglow in reversible manners remains challenging for organic matters.Here,we report a kind of organic RTP material fabricated by simple heating mixtures of tartaric acid(TA)and aromatic acids,which can switch their phosphorescence by laser.Those mixtures show tunable phosphorescence from indigo to orange with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 53.99% due to locking different organic luminogens by the TA-formed matrix through the noncovalent interactions.The afterglow of those materials lasts a few seconds and disappears by water fumigation,which can be repeated in response to wet/heat stimuli.With drop-casting those materials on glass slides,a laser-repatternable phosphorescence is achieved by facile laser direct writing and quenched by water cyclically.Those results open the opportunity for the design of smart stimuli-responsive phosphorescence materials from sustainable natural products.展开更多
To surmount the obstacles of traditional Fenton method and synchronously utilize Cu^(2+)and polyphenol in water,an improved Fenton-like reaction applying calcium peroxide(CaO_(2))as H_(2)O_(2)source and regulating by ...To surmount the obstacles of traditional Fenton method and synchronously utilize Cu^(2+)and polyphenol in water,an improved Fenton-like reaction applying calcium peroxide(CaO_(2))as H_(2)O_(2)source and regulating by the complex of Cu^(2+)-tartaric acid(TA,a representative of polyphenol)was constructed.A typical antibiotic,metronidazole(MTZ)could be effectively eliminated by the Cu^(2+)/TA/CaO_(2)system,and the optimized parameters were as follows:0.1 mmol/L Cu^(2+),2 mmol/L TA,2 mmol/L CaO_(2),and initial pH5.UV spectrum confirmed the formation of Cu^(2+)-TA complex,which promoted the Cu^(2+)/Cu+circulation through decreasing the Cu^(2+)/Cu^(+) couple redox potential,which further enhanced the H_(2)O_(2)decomposition and the formation of reactive species.Hydroxyl radical was dominant for MTZ degradation,followed by oxygen and superoxide radical.The degradation intermediates of MTZ were detected and their evolution way was speculated.Furthermore,the ternary process showed a wide p H tolerance(3–8)for removing MTZ and broad applicability for eliminating other dyes and antibiotics.This work provided a reference for Cu-based Fenton-like strategy for organic wastewater settlement.展开更多
The gelating properties and thermotropic behaviors of stoichiometric mixtures of aromatic amides 1,2,and the aromatic Schiffbase 3 with tartaric acid(TA)were investigated.Among the three gelators,2-TA exhibited superi...The gelating properties and thermotropic behaviors of stoichiometric mixtures of aromatic amides 1,2,and the aromatic Schiffbase 3 with tartaric acid(TA)were investigated.Among the three gelators,2-TA exhibited superior gelating ability.Mixture 2-TA exhibits a smectic B phase and an unidentified smectic mesophase during both heating and cooling runs.The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the existence of hydrogen bonding and rc-ninteractions in 2-TA systems,which are likely to be the dominant driving forces for the supramolecular selfassembly.Additionally,it was established that all of the studied gel self-assemblies and mesophases possess alamellar structure.The anion response ability of the tetrahydrofuran gel of 2-TA was evaluated and it was found that it was responsive to the stimuli of F,Cl,Br,I,AcO.展开更多
(+)-Tartaric acid-catalyzed aminobromination of α,β-unsaturated ketones, α,β-unsaturated esters and simple olefins utilizing TsNHJNBS as the nitrogen/halogen sources at room temperature without protection of in...(+)-Tartaric acid-catalyzed aminobromination of α,β-unsaturated ketones, α,β-unsaturated esters and simple olefins utilizing TsNHJNBS as the nitrogen/halogen sources at room temperature without protection of inert gases achieved good yields (up to 92% yield) of vicinal haloamino products with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, even just 10% of (+)-tartaric acid was used as catalyst. The regio- and stereochemistry was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray structural analysis of products 2b and 12e. The electron-rich and deficient olefins show significant differences in activity to the aminobromination reaction and give the opposite regioselectivities. The 21 cases have been investigated which indicated that our protocol has the advantage of a large scope of olefins. Additionally, tartaric acid as catalyst has the advantage of avoiding any hazardous metals retained in products.展开更多
Cr(Ⅵ) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment.Therefore, the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) has become an attractive topic.In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a ...Cr(Ⅵ) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment.Therefore, the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) has become an attractive topic.In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-(AlOOH@FeOOH)(γ-Al@Fe).The physicochemical properties of γ-Al@Fe were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) was evaluated.The results showed that Cr(Ⅵ) could be efficiently reduced by γ-Al@Fe in the presence of tartaric acid(TA) under visible light.The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions(γ-Al@Fe 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(Ⅵ)was completely reduced within 7 min.Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O_(2)^(·-) and CO_(2)^(·-) played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ).TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO_(2)^(·-).Dissolving O_(2) could react with electrons to generate O_(2)^(·-).This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.展开更多
Erbium-doped lutetia nanopowders were synthesized by a novel co-precipitation method using tartaric acid as precipitant. The properties of the samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTI...Erbium-doped lutetia nanopowders were synthesized by a novel co-precipitation method using tartaric acid as precipitant. The properties of the samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DSC, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and upconversion luminescence analysis. Pure cubic Lu2Oa nanopowders were directly obtained when the precursor was calcined at 800 ℃ for 2 h, the samples showed strong upconversion luminescence under excitation of 980 nm laser diode.展开更多
In recent years, organic NLO materials have always attracted people’s attention, especially the conjugated-π organic compounds with substitutes of electronic donor and acceptor, for example, (3-methyl-4-nitroaniline...In recent years, organic NLO materials have always attracted people’s attention, especially the conjugated-π organic compounds with substitutes of electronic donor and acceptor, for example, (3-methyl-4-nitroaniline) (MNA), N-(4-nitrophenyl-(s)-prolinol (NPP), ((2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-amino-2-propanoate) (MAP), etc. Being made of delocalized展开更多
基金funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Service (DRPM,Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat)ITS through the ITS Research Local Grant (No:1665/PKS/ITS/2023).
文摘Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.
文摘Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are highly important compounds. A comprehensive study of these substances is fascinating from a scientific perspective. They are key components found in wine, vegetables, and fruits. Understanding the isotopic compositions in organic compounds is crucial for comprehending various biochemical processes and the nature of substances present in different natural products. Tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glucose, and fructose are widely distributed compounds, including in vegetables and fruits. Tartaric acid plays a significant role in determining the quality and taste properties of wine, while oxalic acid is also prevalent but holds great interest for further research, especially in terms of carbon isotopic composition. We can unveil the mechanisms of processes that were previously impossible to study. Glucose and fructose are the most common monosaccharides in the hexose group, and both are found in fruits, with sweeter fruits containing higher amounts of these substances. In addition to fruits, wheat, barley, rye, onions, garlic, lentils, peppers, dried fruits, beans, broccoli, cabbage, tomatoes, and other foods are also rich sources of fructose and glucose. To determine the mass fraction of the carbon-13 isotope in these compounds, it is important to study their changes during natural synthesis. These compounds can be modified with a carbon center. According to the existing isotopic analysis method, these compounds are converted into carbon oxide or dioxide [1]. At this point, the average carbon content in the given compound is determined, but information about isotope-modified centers is lost. Dilution may occur through the transfer of other carbon-containing organic compounds in the sample or by dilution with natural carbon or carbon dioxide during the transfer process. This article discusses the possibility of carbon-13 isotope propagation directly in these compounds, both completely modified and modified with individual carbon centers. The literature provides information on determining carbon-13 substance in organic compounds, both with a general approach and for individual compounds [2] [3].
文摘This study reports the feasibility of remediation of a heavy metal (HM) contaminated soil using tartaric acid, an environmentally-friendly extractant. Batch experiments were performed to test the factors influencing remediation of the HM contaminated soil. An empirical model was employed to describe the kinetics of riM dissolution/desorption and to predict equilibrium concentrations of HMs in soil leachate. The changes of HMs in different fractions before and after tartaric acid treatment were also investigated. Tartaric acid solution containing HMs was regenerated by chestnut shells. Results show that utilization of tartaric acid was effective for removal of riMs from the contaminated soil, attaining 50%-60% of Cd, 40%-50% of Pb, 40%-50% of Cu and 20%-30% of Zn in the pH range of 3.5-4.0 within 24 h. Mass transfer coefficients for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were much higher than those for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Sequential fractionations of treated and untreated soil samples showed that tartaric acid was effective in removing the exchangeable, carbonate fractions of Cd, Zn and Cu from the contaminated soil. The contents of Pb and Cu in Fe-Mn oxide fraciton were also significantly decreased by tartaric acid treatment. One hundred milliliters of tartaric acid solution containing HMs could be regenerated by 10 g chestnut shells in a batch reactor. Such a remediation procedure indicated that tartaric acid is a promising agent for remediation of HM contaminated soils. However, further research is needed before the method can be practically used for in situ remediation of contaminated sites.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21371016)funding support from Young Talent Thousand Program
文摘Zn(O,S)(zinc oxysulfide) is an important chalcogenide material recently reported to be potentially applied as electrode buffers in thin film solar cells. Both vacuum and solution approaches have enabled the fabrication of Zn(O,S) films. However they either require extreme conditions and high energy consumption for synthesis, or suffer from lack of controllability mainly due to the thermodynamic and kinetic distinction between Zn O and Zn S during film growth. Here we demonstrated an effective electrodeposition route to obtain high-quality Zn(O,S) thin films in a controllable manner. Importantly, tartaric acid was employed as a secondary complexing agent in the electrolyte to improve the film morphology, as well as to adjust other key properties such as composition and absorption. To elucidate the vital role that tartaric acid played, thermodynamic and kinetic processes of electrodeposition was investigated and discussed in detail. The accumulative contribution has shed light on further exploit of Zn(O,S) with tunable properties and optimization of the corresponding electrodeposition process, for the application in thin film solar cells.
基金Project(20376085) supportecd by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Distribution behavior of ketoprofen enantiomers was examined in methanol aqueous and organic solvent mixture containing tartaric esters. The influence of length of alkyl chain of tartaric esters, concentration of L-tartaric esters and methanol aqueous, kind of organic solvent on partition ratio and separation factors was investigated. The results show that L-tartaric and D-tartaric esters have different chiral recognition abilities. S-ketoprofen is easily extracted by L-tartaric esters, and R-ketoprofen is easily extracted by D-tartaric esters. L-tartaric esters form more stable diastereomeric complexes with S-enantiomer than that with R-enantiomer. This distribution behavior is consistent with chiral recognition mechanism. With the increase of the concentration of tartaric ester from 0 to 0.3 mol/L, partition coefficient K and separation factor a increase. Also, the kind of organic solvent and the concentration of the methanol aqueous have significant influence on K and a.
文摘A new type of di benzoyl tartaric acid selective electr ode has been developed. Three double\| arm calixarene derivatives were emp loyed as the neutral ionophores. The poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode containing an amide derivative of ca lixarene as the neutral carrier an d a dibutyl phthalate as the plastici zer exhibited the highest sensitivity for dibenzoyl tartaric acid. The slop e of linear portion was 27.8 mV per c oncertration decade. The electrode has a fast response and a long lifetime .
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2017YFA0403403 and 2017YFB0701901the Natural Science Foundation of China 12075303, 11675252 and U1632265。
文摘Perovskite film quality is a decisive factor governing the performance and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs). To passivate defects for high-quality perovskite films, various additives have been explored in perovskite precursor with notable achievements in the development of highperformance PSCs. Herein, tartaric acid(TA) was applied as additive in perovskite precursor solution to modulate the crystal growth leading to high quality thin films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations favoring efficient charge transport along multiple directions. It is also noticed that TA can improve the energy level alignment in PSCs, which effectively accelerates both carrier extraction and transportation with non-radiative recombination suppressed at the perovskite interfaces. Based on the present perovskite films, the fabricated PSCs achieved an excellent champion power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 21.82% from that of 19.70% for the control device without TA additive. In addition, a PSC with TA additive was shown to exhibit impressive operational stability by retaining 92% of its initial PCE after~1200 h of aging at room temperature in ambient air with a relative humidity of about 10%–25%. In summary, the present work demonstrates a facile and versatile approach by using TA as additive in perovskite precursor to fabricate high quality perovskite films with enhanced multiple preferential orientations for high-efficiency stable PSCs.
文摘The determination of the geographical origin as well as the adulteration of natural products is a technical problem due to similar chemical composition between an adulterant and the original. It is assumed that tartaric acid comes from natural sources, however there is no specific regulation for this claim. This paper describes the use of isotope mass spectrometry associated with chemometrics to classify different samples of tartaric acid. The results showed that the variables δ^13C, δ^18O and δ^2H allowed the discrimination of tartaric acid samples by geographical origin and production method. By using a combination of chemometfic analysis it was possible to confirm a notoriousseparation of the samples. Thus, this is a promising method to be applied in the quality control and authenticity of tartaric acid.
文摘A comparative research has been developed for acidity and stability constants of M(TTA)1 and M(Asp)2 complexes which have been determined by potentiometric pH titration. Depending on metal ion–binding properties, vital differences in building complex were observed. The present study shows that in M(TTA) complexes, metal ions are coordinated to the carboxyl groups, but in M(Asp) some metal ions are able to build macrochelate over amine group. Hence, the following intermolecular and as a result independent concentration equilibrium between an open–isomer M(Asp)op and a closed–isomer M(Asp)cl, has to be considered cl op. The amounts are reported. The results mentioned above demonstrate that for some M(Asp) complexes the stability constants is also largely determined by the affinity of metal ions for amine group. This leads to a kind of selectivity of metal ions and transfer them via building complexes with the aspartate. The result of this effect is a higher dosage-absorption of minerals in body. Based on the sort of metal ions, the drug-therapy can be different. For heavy metal ions this building complex helps the absorption and filtration of the blood plasma, and consequently the excursion of heavy metal ions takes place. This is an important method in microdialysis. Other metal ions such as the complexes can be considered as mineral carriers. These complexes in certain conditions (PH–range) can release the minerals in body.
文摘The polymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile using ceric ion as initiator can be promoted greatly by the tartaric acid. The kinetics of acrylamide polymerization initiated by ceric ion/tartaric acid has been studied. The presence of the species of tartaric acid in Polyacrylonitrile produced by using ceric ion/tartaric acid as niitiator has been confirmed by FT-IR analysis.
文摘Biomass has the potential and benefits of being an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels that exist today in Indonesia and other tropical countries. In addition, biomass has an abundant stock or supply. By assessing the feasibility of recovering potassium, it is hoped that more potassium resources and in future Indonesia will be dependent on imported fertilizers and increase the agricultural industry, which is the aims of this study. The best extraction result is using CH<sub>3</sub>COOH. Treatment of 1:10 solid-liquid ratio with the help of 1 mol/l CH<sub>3</sub>COOH was chosen as the best treatment because it is more economically efficient. Recovery of K with the help of tartaric acid and acetic acid resulted in a K recovery efficiency of around 94%. The optimal condition for the syngenite method is the addition of a magnesium dose of 5 mmol/l and at pH 11, the Ca: K ratio is 1:2.1 with 42% K. This can be a suggestion which method is more effective and efficient in recovery K.
文摘The polyaddition of isocyanate and polyol to form polyurethane elastomers has rarely been applied to the construction of chiral polyurethane elastomers. Hence, the introduction of chiral units via polyaddition remains a challenging subject in polymer chemistry. In this study, the synthesis of chiral polyurethane elastomers using an aromatic isocyanate, polyols (polyether and polyester polyols), and L(+)-, D(−)-, or meso-tartaric acid by a one-shot method is investigated. The polymers are characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and their thermal properties are investigated by TGA, DMA, and DSC analyses. The optical activities of the polymers are confirmed by rotation. The use of chiral tartaric acids is essential to obtain the desired chiral polyurethane elastomers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21801185,22001194,22201208)the Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Educational Committee(2018KJ109)。
文摘Organic room temperature phosphorescence(RTP)materials have potential applications in information technology and bioimaging.However,the precise control of the afterglow in reversible manners remains challenging for organic matters.Here,we report a kind of organic RTP material fabricated by simple heating mixtures of tartaric acid(TA)and aromatic acids,which can switch their phosphorescence by laser.Those mixtures show tunable phosphorescence from indigo to orange with phosphorescence efficiency of up to 53.99% due to locking different organic luminogens by the TA-formed matrix through the noncovalent interactions.The afterglow of those materials lasts a few seconds and disappears by water fumigation,which can be repeated in response to wet/heat stimuli.With drop-casting those materials on glass slides,a laser-repatternable phosphorescence is achieved by facile laser direct writing and quenched by water cyclically.Those results open the opportunity for the design of smart stimuli-responsive phosphorescence materials from sustainable natural products.
基金the supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908485)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z3603G)Hebei Province Foundation for Returnees(No.C20210502)。
文摘To surmount the obstacles of traditional Fenton method and synchronously utilize Cu^(2+)and polyphenol in water,an improved Fenton-like reaction applying calcium peroxide(CaO_(2))as H_(2)O_(2)source and regulating by the complex of Cu^(2+)-tartaric acid(TA,a representative of polyphenol)was constructed.A typical antibiotic,metronidazole(MTZ)could be effectively eliminated by the Cu^(2+)/TA/CaO_(2)system,and the optimized parameters were as follows:0.1 mmol/L Cu^(2+),2 mmol/L TA,2 mmol/L CaO_(2),and initial pH5.UV spectrum confirmed the formation of Cu^(2+)-TA complex,which promoted the Cu^(2+)/Cu+circulation through decreasing the Cu^(2+)/Cu^(+) couple redox potential,which further enhanced the H_(2)O_(2)decomposition and the formation of reactive species.Hydroxyl radical was dominant for MTZ degradation,followed by oxygen and superoxide radical.The degradation intermediates of MTZ were detected and their evolution way was speculated.Furthermore,the ternary process showed a wide p H tolerance(3–8)for removing MTZ and broad applicability for eliminating other dyes and antibiotics.This work provided a reference for Cu-based Fenton-like strategy for organic wastewater settlement.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(No.15JCYBJC20100).
文摘The gelating properties and thermotropic behaviors of stoichiometric mixtures of aromatic amides 1,2,and the aromatic Schiffbase 3 with tartaric acid(TA)were investigated.Among the three gelators,2-TA exhibited superior gelating ability.Mixture 2-TA exhibits a smectic B phase and an unidentified smectic mesophase during both heating and cooling runs.The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction revealed the existence of hydrogen bonding and rc-ninteractions in 2-TA systems,which are likely to be the dominant driving forces for the supramolecular selfassembly.Additionally,it was established that all of the studied gel self-assemblies and mesophases possess alamellar structure.The anion response ability of the tetrahydrofuran gel of 2-TA was evaluated and it was found that it was responsive to the stimuli of F,Cl,Br,I,AcO.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20572066), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2009JM2011), and the Innovation Foundation of Postgraduate Cultivation of Shaanxi Normal University (2008CXB009).
文摘(+)-Tartaric acid-catalyzed aminobromination of α,β-unsaturated ketones, α,β-unsaturated esters and simple olefins utilizing TsNHJNBS as the nitrogen/halogen sources at room temperature without protection of inert gases achieved good yields (up to 92% yield) of vicinal haloamino products with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity, even just 10% of (+)-tartaric acid was used as catalyst. The regio- and stereochemistry was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray structural analysis of products 2b and 12e. The electron-rich and deficient olefins show significant differences in activity to the aminobromination reaction and give the opposite regioselectivities. The 21 cases have been investigated which indicated that our protocol has the advantage of a large scope of olefins. Additionally, tartaric acid as catalyst has the advantage of avoiding any hazardous metals retained in products.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51672077, 51872089)。
文摘Cr(Ⅵ) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment.Therefore, the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) has become an attractive topic.In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-(AlOOH@FeOOH)(γ-Al@Fe).The physicochemical properties of γ-Al@Fe were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) was evaluated.The results showed that Cr(Ⅵ) could be efficiently reduced by γ-Al@Fe in the presence of tartaric acid(TA) under visible light.The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions(γ-Al@Fe 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(Ⅵ)was completely reduced within 7 min.Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O_(2)^(·-) and CO_(2)^(·-) played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ).TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO_(2)^(·-).Dissolving O_(2) could react with electrons to generate O_(2)^(·-).This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50472027)
文摘Erbium-doped lutetia nanopowders were synthesized by a novel co-precipitation method using tartaric acid as precipitant. The properties of the samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DSC, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and upconversion luminescence analysis. Pure cubic Lu2Oa nanopowders were directly obtained when the precursor was calcined at 800 ℃ for 2 h, the samples showed strong upconversion luminescence under excitation of 980 nm laser diode.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘In recent years, organic NLO materials have always attracted people’s attention, especially the conjugated-π organic compounds with substitutes of electronic donor and acceptor, for example, (3-methyl-4-nitroaniline) (MNA), N-(4-nitrophenyl-(s)-prolinol (NPP), ((2, 4-dinitrophenyl)-amino-2-propanoate) (MAP), etc. Being made of delocalized