Effect of Weft Binding Structure on Compression Properties of Three-Dimensional Woven Spacer Fabrics and Composites

With the wide use of three-dimensional woven spacer composites(3DWSCs),the market expects greater mechanical properties from this material.By changing the weft fastening method of the traditional I-shape pile yarns,we designed three-dimensional woven spacer fabrics(3DWSFs)and 3DWSCs with the weft V-shape to improve the compression performance of traditional 3DWSFs.The effects of weft binding structures,V-pile densities,and V-shaped angle were investigated in this paper.It is found that the compression resistance of 3DWSFs with the weft V-shape is improved compared to that with the weft I-shape,the fabric height recovery rate is as high as 95.7%,and the average elastic recovery rate is 59.39%.When the interlayer pile yarn density is the same,the weft V-shaped and weft I-shaped 3DWSCs have similar flatwise pressure and edgewise pressure performance.The compression properties of the composite improve as the density of the V-pile yarns increases.The flatwise compression load decreases as the V-shaped angle decreases.When the V-shaped angle is 28°and 42°,the latitudinal V-shaped 3DWSCs perform exceptionally well in terms of anti-compression cushioning.The V-shaped weft binding method offers a novel approach to structural design of 3DWSCs.

Three-Dimensional Measurement and Reconstruction of Fabric Drape Shape

This paper introduces a new method of measuring the three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics with structural light. First, we apply parallel annular structural light to form light and shade alternating contour stripes on the surface of fabrics. We then collect the images of contour stripes using Charge Coupled Device (CCD). Subsequently, we process the images to identify the contour stripes and edges of fabrics, and obtain the fabric contour lines of curved surfaces. Finally, we apply three-dimensional curved surface modeling method based on a network of polar coordinates, and reconstruct the three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics. Experiments show that our method is effective in testing and reconstructing three-dimensional drape shape of fabrics.

Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Fabric Sandwich Composites

Three-dimensional( 3 D) fabric composite is a newly developed sandwich structure,consisting of two identical parallel fabric decks woven integrally and mechanically together by means of vertical woven fabrics. In this paper,six types of 3 D fabric sandwich composites were developed in terms of compressive and flexural properties as a function of pile height( 10, 20 and30 mm) and pile distance( 16, 24 and 32 mm) in pile structures. The mechanical characteristics and the damage modes of the 3 D fabric sandwich composites under compressive and flexural load conditions were investigated. Besides,the influence of pile height and pile distance on the 3 D fabric sandwich composites mechanical properties was analyzed. The results showed that the compressive properties decreased with the increase of the pile height and the pile distance. Flexural properties increased with the increase of pile height, while decreased with the increase of pile distance.

MODELING OF LIGHT SPECULAR REFLECTION FROM PLAIN-KNITTED FABRICS: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

The paper applies a mathematical model[1] for specular reflection to plain-knitted fabrics by using a three-dimensional analysis. Computer simulation of goniophotometric curves is generated based oa the model. Correction factors are introduced by taking into consideration of geometry of the instrument used. Comparison between the simulated and the measured curves of a straight monofilament yarn with various orientation angles is carried out and reasonable agreement has been obtained.

Fabrication and formation mechanism of NbC_x-C three-dimensional netted fibers

Micrometer NbC_x-C three-dimensional netted fibers were synthesized by thecarbothermal method under 0.1 MPa of N_2 ambient atmosphere at a relatively low temperature. Rawmaterials were commercial powders of Nb_2O_5 (99.95 percent), reactive carbon (99.99 percent), NaCl(99.95 percent) and sucrose (99.94 percent). The relationship of the fabrication processing with thecomposition, crystal structure and morphology of fibers was investigated. The formation mechanismwas also proposed and discussed.

F127 assisted fabrication of Ge/r GO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure for efficient lithium storage

To solve the volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity of germanium-based anode materials,Ge/rGO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure are fabricated through the dispersion of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(F127)and reduction of hydrogen.An interesting phenomenon is discovered that F127 can break GeO_(2)polycrystalline microparticles into 100 nm nanoparticles by only physical interaction,which promotes the uniform dispersion of GeO_(2)in a carbon network structure composed of graphene(rGO)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).As evaluated as anode material of Lithium-ion batteries,Ge/rGO/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit excellent lithium storage performance.The initial specific capacity is high to 1549.7 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g,and the reversible capacity still retains972.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles.The improved lithium storage performance is attributed to that Ge nanoparticles can effectively slow down the volume expansion during charge and discharge processes,and threedimensional carbon networks can improve electrical conductivity and accelerate lithium-ion transfer of anode materials.

Mechanical Properties of Weft-Knitted Spacer Fabrics Integrated with Silica Aerogels

The work investigated surface and mechanical properties of untreated and treated three-layered weftknitted spacer fabrics.In order to optimize the mechanical properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics,silica aerogels(SAs)coating was employed.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)images of untreated and treated spacer fabrics were analyzed to ensure the presence of SAs on the coated spacer fabrics.The basic properties of uncoated and coated weftknitted spacer fabrics were studied and compared.Tensile strength and initial modulus were studied according to the GB/T3923 test standard YG026 MB-250 by testing machine.Moreover,compression properties of spacer fabrics were also tested by HD026 G test instrument.In this testing,work of compression,the linearity of compression,recovery work of compression and other parameters were calculated from stress and strain curves.It was found that SAs coating has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of weftknitted spacer fabrics.The statistical analysis also verified the significant performance(P value smaller than 0.05)of treated fabric samples at the 0.05 level.

Application of Spacer Fabric for Protecting Cushion

Spacer fabric is a typical three-dimensional fabric,including upper layer,lower layer,and spacer layer.It is widely applied in protecting cushion products for unique space structure,which attributes good comfortability to infants and the disabled elderly in reducing diseases resulting from hot and humidity under long-time sitting and lying period.It necessitates studying the microenvironment change between body and clothes and corresponding performance.Compressibility,air permeability,heat and moisture permeability, and bending and humiture in microenvironment of spacer fabric are analyzed and compared with foam cushion and nonwoven cushion.Experimental results show that corresponding performance of spacer fabric is better in protecting cushion than those of foam and nonwoven.Compared with traditional foam cushion and non-woven cushion,spacer fabric is more suitable for protecting cushion,and provides an alternative and optimal cushion material in medical products to protect infants and the disabled elderly from bedsores resulted from long-time sitting and lying.

Pressure Reduction of Spacer Fabrics

The properties of the warp knitted spacer fabrics for pressure reduction are experimentally investigated and compared to other materials.The influences of the different parameters, such as thickness, spacer yarn diameter and connecting form are also analyzed and discussed. The results have shown that the spacer fabrics have very good properties for pressure reduction when they are used as soles, mattress or cushions.

用于心电监测的双层间隔织物干电极制备与表征

为了解决心电动态采集时信号差的问题,以涤纶间隔织物为基底,采用两步法、氯化工艺制备织物干电极,并对其表面形貌、电化学性能和生物电信号采集性能进行了表征。结果表明,经氯化处理10 s的电极具有最优的电化学性能,其阻抗在0.1 Hz时为4 647Ω,静态开路电位振幅为0.114 mV,电压幅度为1.413 mV。相较于湿电极,间隔织物干电极心电信号动态采集性能更好,在不同摆臂角度时采集的心电信号基线漂移小于湿电极,该电极更适合于动态心电信号采集。

三维大隔距机织间隔织物柔性复合材料的服役性能研究

为了探究陆基充气天线用三维大隔距机织间隔织物柔性复合材料的服役性能影响因素,分别对裁剪拼接造成的拼接强力、在酸碱工作环境中的材料强力、经折叠-展开-再折叠的耐折叠性能三大方面进行了研究。结果表明:拼接宽度为30 mm,选用胶黏剂聚氨酯A584,拼接方向夹网布经向,得到的拼接强力效果最佳,能达到反射面本体材料的断裂强力;在耐酸碱试验中,聚氨酯A584和TPU热熔胶膜均未脱胶,且表现出较好的耐腐蚀性能,表明构成反射面的各部分材料能适应天线的各种工作环境;充气反射面材料表现出较好的折叠性,其折叠性能与折叠次数、拼接宽度具有一定相关性,而与拼接用胶关系不大,拼接材料的宽度增加,折叠次数对其作用越小,折痕回复性能较好。

3D间隔织物/改性空心微珠复合材料吸声性能研究

将3D经编间隔织物加入到空心微珠增强聚氨酯基复合泡沫塑料中,制备出新型3D间隔织物/改性空心微珠复合材料,并对所加入微珠进行界面改性,以改善其与聚氨酯基体的界面结合及吸声性能。采用阻抗管传递函数法对4种具有不同规格的试样进行吸声系数测试,对试验结果分析可知,改性后微珠在一定程度上提升此种新型复合材料的吸声性能,改性S60微珠增强的复合材料样品吸声性能更优。此外,该复合材料在中低频率下的吸声系数要小于高频率下的吸声系数。

石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物的设计及其隔热性能

为充分利用石英纱线及其纤维毡良好的隔热效果制备隔热性能优异的石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物,采用石英纱线和纤维毡在小样织机上进行三维立体编织,针对石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物不易编织等诸多问题,对织机综丝综框进行降低摩擦处理;然后采用控制变量法和实验对比法,对所得石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物在热环境下的隔热性能进行测试表征,对其加热状态下的温度和外观形状的变化趋势和规律进行探讨。实验结果表明:石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物在300~700℃时,平均隔热保留率是相等厚度普通石英纤维织物的4倍,验证了石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物的优越隔热性能。确定了石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物具有良好的整体性能和隔热性,能够作为航天飞行器的外部隔热材料抵挡高温冲刷,因此对石英纱线/石英纤维毡三维织物性能的研究具有深远意义。

填充物的力学性能对坐垫舒适性影响的仿真分析

将经编间隔织物和不同密度的海绵材料作为坐垫的填充物,通过分析坐垫上的人体体压分布情况,深入探讨坐垫的整体舒适度。首先,选择中密度海绵(28 kg/cm^(3))、高密度海绵(50 kg/cm^(3))及新型弹性材料经编间隔织物,分别对其进行力学性能实验。随后,采用有限元仿真法,对三种材料分别进行单轴压缩仿真,分析得出拟合度最高的本构模型;对经编间隔织物材料进行微元变形仿真,分析该材料变形量、压强、厚度三者关系的数学模型。最后,建立弹性坐垫和中国50百分位男性的人体臀部(软组织+骨骼)仿真复合模型,分析臀部与垫面的体压分布数据,并利用体压测试仪验证仿真数据的有效性。结果发现:仿真结果显示,中密度海绵、高密度海绵及经编间隔织物体压-应变拟合度最高的本构模型选低密度泡沫较合适;经过MATLAB进行二次多项式拟合可得出经编间隔织物的变形量、压强、厚度三者之间的数学模型;经编间隔织物弹性坐垫垫面的峰值比中密度海绵弹性坐垫垫面的体压峰值大,比高密度海绵弹性坐垫垫面的体压峰值小,整体垫面体压分布情况较海绵坐垫更均匀;体压测试仪验证仿真数据与实际测试数据小于5%,表明仿真实验可行。研究表明,经编间隔织物比海绵材料具有更好的支撑性和压力舒适性。这些实验结果以及虚实结合的方法可为未来弹性坐垫产品的材料选择及开发提供参考。

经编间隔织物增强亚麻纤维/硅橡胶复合材料的压缩性能

通过将亚麻纤维/经编间隔织物与软质硅橡胶进行复合,制备8种具有不同结构参数的经编间隔织物增强亚麻纤维/硅橡胶复合材料试样。对复合材料进行平板压缩试验,探讨经编间隔织物结构参数、亚麻短纤维长度和质量分数对复合材料压缩性能和压缩能量吸收性能的影响。结果表明:由结构正切值较低的间隔织物和较长的亚麻短纤维制成的复合材料具有较好的抗压缩能力;亚麻短纤维质量分数过高时,复合材料内部摩擦增加,材料压缩性能降低,亚麻短纤维质量分数过低时,则无法有效增强复合材料的压缩性能。基于Spence不变量本构理论建立压缩状态下复合材料的细观压缩力学理论模型,对其压缩性能进行模拟分析与预测,结果表明,所建立的细观压缩力学理论模型可有效模拟20%形变内复合材料的压缩演化过程。

间隔织物-羊毛角蛋白气凝胶复合材料研究

采用羊毛角蛋白制备有机气凝胶,存在结构不稳定、力学性能较差等问题。为提升材料的性能,通过还原C法从废旧羊毛中提取R-角蛋白并制备角蛋白气凝胶,将特殊的三维立体结构经编间隔织物引入气凝胶中,开发出经编间隔织物增强废旧羊毛角蛋白气凝胶复合材料,并对废旧羊毛的溶解率、提取率以及材料的密度、力学及隔热性能进行测试与分析。结果表明,通过还原C法得到的羊毛溶解率为89.4%,R-角蛋白提取率为72.6%。复合材料的密度不超过28.23 mg/cm^(3),具备传统气凝胶低密的优良特性,同时经编间隔织物与角蛋白气凝胶原位复合后,材料的压缩性能显著提升,并仍具有良好的隔热性能。

基于Spline算法经编间隔织物的仿真建模

现阶段大多建模方法得到的模型保形性差,且缺少光照处理。文章提出一种基于Spline插值算法的建模方法,该方法保证曲线经过所有控制点,在三维空间上建立与实际织物基本相同的空间曲线,解决了以往所得模型保形性差的问题,并且通过VC++以及OpenGL开发工具,可以加上环境光照渲染、纹理处理等,使仿真模型更为写实,得到的仿真模型可以节省人力和物力及时间,能够在短时间内为设计人员提供更为准确的设计思路和方案。

三维机织间隔织物增强复合材料的研究进展

随着现代科学技术的迅速发展,复合材料在轻质量、高比强度、抗冲击性和耐疲劳等方面的要求越来越高。以机织间隔组织为增强体的复合材料能较好地满足上述要求,成为研究热点之一。概述了机织间隔织物复合材料在空间结构设计、成型工艺、性能测试等方面的研究进展,综述了结构参数对间隔织物夹层性能的影响以及间隔织物复合材料夹层板的填充和成型工艺,总结了间隔织物复合夹芯板的力学性能,包括弯曲、压缩、低速冲击性能,展望了机织间隔织物增强复合材料的发展前景。

海水老化下类填充微穿孔板结构水下吸声材料的性能及其寿命预测

针对现阶段潜艇用水下吸声材料的低厚度强低频吸声的性能诉求,基于三维间隔织物,将兼具多孔和共振吸声特性的类填充微穿孔板(F-MPPL)结构引入常规空心微珠填充水下吸声材料(HBF复合材料)中,设计出新型三相复合水下吸声材料(F-MPPL复合材料)。鉴于海中复杂环境对水下吸声材料声学性能的影响,采用人工海水浸泡的方法对F-MPPL复合材料进行海水老化,结果发现老化12个月后的F-MPPL复合材料平均吸声系数下降了13.6%。同时,基于海水老化下孔隙率和穿孔率的变化对最终宏观模型仿真结果的影响,对F-MPPL复合材料的水下吸声性能寿命进行预测发现,模型可准确预测材料吸声峰值的位置,但对材料吸声系数峰值的大小预测稍有偏差。研究结果可为各类水下吸声材料的吸声性能老化研究提供实践经验,并为F-MPPL结构在海水老化下的长期寿命预测及性能优化提供理论参考。