Distribution of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in theSequence Stratigraphic Framework of the Middle andUpper Proterozoic in the Ming Tombs Area, Beijing

Abstract: This paper discusses the distribution pattern and geological significance of the carbon and oxygen isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in the depositional sequences of Gaoyuzhuangian, Yangzhuangian and Wumishanian ages of the established Middle and Upper Proterozoic sequence stratigraphic framework in the Ming Tombs area lying in western Yanshan Mountain of Beijing. Besides, sketchy determination of δ13C and δ18O was also performed for other formations and members. The analytical results show the following: under the condition of clear-water carbonate sediments, δ13C and δ18O, featuring smaller variation of δ13C but larger variation of δ18O, can well delineate the relative change of sea level, which reflects the difference of primary sedimentary settings; in the presence of terrigenous substances, δ13C values vary greatly while δ18O slightly; the carbon and oxygen isotopes show marked changes at sequence boundaries. Besides, particular patterns can be found in regard to the distribution of carbon and oxygen isotopes within the sequences.

Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Built between 1368 and 1911, The Imperial Tombs of the Ming （1368- 1644） and Qing （1644-1911） dynaslies includes Xianling Tombs of theMing Dynast）. Eastern and Western Qing Tornbs, Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty.

Digital reconstruction of ancient Egyptian tombs

From the pyramids of Giza to the tombs of Thebes at Luxor, the glorious ancient Egyptian history has produced remarkable architecture. Sadly, tourists, numbering nearly four million per year, have taken a heavy toll on many of these ancient structures. Of particular concern are many of tombs located opposite Luxor on the western bank of the Nile. Digital reconstruction of these tombs has the potential of helping to document and preserve these important historical structures. Issues concernng new and unique problems involving the photographing and digital reconstruction of these tombs are addressed. Techniques for removing image distortions, recovering 3-D shapes and correcting for lighting imbalances are discussed. A complete reconstruction of the tomb of Sennediem is shown.

A PROBABLE EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI SEQUENCE IN PRECAMBRIAN CARBONATE STRATA OF MING TOMBS DISTRICT, BEIJING

Many abnormal sedimentary structures in the Precambrian carbonate strata of the Ming Tombs District,Beijing, are recognized by the author as a probable earth- quake-tsunami sequence. These structures include a series of soft sedimentary de- formation and elasticoplastic folding and are implicated not only in geological cat- astrophic events but also more or less in the prediction of recent earthquakes.

Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

Optimal Growth Conditions of Microorganisms Isolated from the Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 and Their Effects on Painting Layers

The Buyeo Royal Tomb No. 1 is an ancient tomb built in the late 6th and early 7th century. The four walls of the main room have murals of four guardian deities, and the ceiling has murals of lotus and cloud patterns. This study assessed the optimal growth conditions of two fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella sp.) and four bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Cupriavidus campinensis, Streptomyces avidinii, Streptomyces cirratus) strains isolated from the Tomb No. 1, along with their effects on the painting layer. The two fungi showed optimal growth at 20°C - 30°C under both nutrient and non-nutrient conditions. These strains did not decompose or discolor the three pigments (cinnabar, hematite, oyster shell white);however, M. sp. showed slight decomposition of the media (starch paste, sea weed). The four bacterial strains showed the most active growth at 20°C - 25°C under nutrient conditions and did not grow under non-nutrient conditions. These bacteria commonly degraded animal glue and sea weed components. In addition, S. cirratus degraded starch. The genus Streptomyces discolored the pigment medium to brown and black, suggesting a possible risk of discoloration of the murals. The current environment in Tomb No. 1 was sufficient for microorganism growth, and the presence of strains such as soil bacteria and actinomycetes on the mural surface may damage the murals. The findings of this study could be helpful for preserving mural tombs against biological damage caused by microorganisms that are already present or may be present in the tombs in the future. These findings also provide guidelines for comprehensive conservation management.

Preliminary Report on Early Settlements and Archaeological Materials from Lindi Rural District, Lindi Region, Southeastern Tanzania

This paper presents a preliminary report based on a reconnaissance survey so as to create the basis for further archaeological research works. The reconnaissance was conducted along areas in Mipingo ward north of Lindi town in Lindi Rural district, Lindi Region, Southeastern Tanzania. The reconnaissance work’s main objective was to pinpoint Iron Working, Neolithic and stone industrial techno-complexes (for example, Later Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Sangoan-like traditions). Specifically, the reconnaissance works sought to identify cultural traditions such as Iron Working, Neolithic as well as Stone Age sequences/facies;to document other cultural heritage resources (movable and immovable, fauna or flora) in the areas;and later on, as a long-term goal after a fully-fledged research is done (after several years of works), to undertake community involvement for conservation as well as carry out presentation of the cultural heritage assets in form of a satellite museum/museums to be linked with the University of Dares Salaam Museum under the Department of Archaeology and Heritage. Normal archaeological survey strategies were employed in the area. The spotted materials were collected and GPS locations were noted. The area showed some potential archaeological remains that merit intensive archaeological research works. Such archaeological materials include ruins, tombs, stone tools and two pieces of pottery. In terms of cultural traditions, there is evidence pointing to Stone Age people from early Stone Age represented by Acheulian Industrial techno-complex followed by Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age people. Furthermore, though two pieces of pottery were recovered, further intensive works may help to justify Iron Working people lived there. Moreover, remains of a house foundation reported to have been a store of slaves implying to the fact that slavery was not only practiced in Bagamoyo, Zanzibar and other places already reported in Tanzania, but also as far as Southeastern Tanzania, in particular, at Mchinga II and Mchinga II village in Lindi region. The tomb at Namihodi hamlet, Mchinga I village and graves close to the house foundation at Mchinga II villages also justify stay of foreign people, possibly Persians and/or Arabs. Presence of remains of Mosques at Mchinga I and Mchinga II implied that Islam was practiced there about three hundred thousand years ago, a pattern firmly established at other places along coastal Tanzania areas like Kaole, Bagamoyo, Kunduchi, Mbweni, Kilwa and many more places. In addition, indigenous people still undertake their rituals in the area as shown at Mchinga II village and Kilangala A village. The reported ruins at Mchinga I, Mchinga II and Kilangala villages need further research so as to get further insights and undertake community conservation as desired by the proponent.

A LEGACY OF TREASURE ON THE HIGHLAND SILK ROAD——THE STORY OF CHOKONG’S HANDLED COPPER MIRROR

In September of 1990, the famous Chokong relics were unearthed in the Chokong Village, a suburb of Lhasa with in the Tibet Aut ono mous Photo 1: The handled copper mirror unearthed from the Chokong site. Regi on. At the sametime of this very discovery, an an cient cemetery, even older than the relics found in Chokong, was also found.The Archaeological Research Center of the Academy of Social Sciences, the Administrative Committee of Cultural Relics of the Tibet Autonomous Region, and some archaeological scholars from Sichuan University formed a team to work on this group of ancient tombs.

The Song Tomb Fresco (宋墓壁画) in Panle Village of Hancheng City (韩城盘乐村):The Medicine‑preparation Picture (备药图)

A song tomb was discovered in Panle village(盘乐村)of Hancheng city(韩城),Shaanxi Province(陕西省)in 2009.Although it was not of high standard,the tomb contained extremely exquisite frescoes with striking contents.The relation between the identity of the tomb owner and the frescoes had been discussed by scholars,while this paper focused on the social status of doctors in the Song dynasty(宋朝)and the medical scenes reflected in the frescoes,to form different perspectives toward the profession of the tomb owner and the properties of the frescoes.

Geotechnical research on Jiangnan Tu-Dun tomb historical remains in China

Geotechnical research on historical remains can provide new data and distinctive viewpoint for research on soil mechanics. Two Jiangnan Tu-Dun tombs historical remains were investigated by means of in situ and laboratory geotech-nical tests. In the present paper the geotechnical properties of these man-made earthworks, especially ageing effect on consolidation and direct shear, and compaction properties of earth fill are discussed.

The Lost-Wax Process in the Pre-Qin Period: A Bronze Appendage with Hollow Snake Patterns from the Tomb of Duke Ning of Xu

This paper discusses the most recent case of the lost-wax process,namely,a bronze appendage with hollow snake patterns excavated in 2002 at the tomb of Duke Ning of Xu(許公寧)(a state in the Spring and Autumn period)in Ye County,Henan Province.Various physical and chemical analyses indicate that this artifact was cast as a whole in 547 BCE or slightly later in a high tin bronze alloy using the lost-wax process.No traces of cast joints or soldering were found.This research provides further proof that the lost-wax process was a significant technical development achieved by casters in the Pre-Qin period.

Giovanni Battista Naldini's Pietà:Humility and Love

In 1564,in honor of the death of Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564),an artistic extravaganza was invented by the Benedictine monk Vincenzo Borghini(1515-1580)-prior of the hospital of the innocents,humanist,and administrator of the Florentine Academy of Design(Accademia del Disegno or Florentine Academy)-and was implemented by Giorgio Vasari(1511-1574)-artist,writer,and artistic director of the Academy,who engaged his Florentine assistants to work on the execution of the tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence(see Figure 1).The commission of Michelangelo’s tomb was prompted by his nephew,Lionardo[Leonardo]Simoni-Buonarroti(1522-1599),and the Grand Duke of Tuscany,Cosimo I de’Medici(1519-1574).The tomb was completed in 1578.Vasari designed the architectural monument,and his assistants,members of the Florentine Academy,collaborated in the following manner:The sculptures of the Fine Arts were carved by Giovanni Bandini(1540-1599),who represented the personification of architecture;Valerio di Simone Cioli(1529-1599),who represented the personification of Sculpture;and Battista Lorenzi(1527-1594),who represented the personification of Painting and the portrait bust of Michelangelo.Giovanni Battista Naldini(1537-1591)completed al fresco the burning urns,the purple-colored doorway of the tomb,the suspended canopy,and the Pietàin the center of the marble tabernacle.This latter artistic contribution is the topic of this essay.

趣味英语听力（英文）

Tomb Sweeping Day,or Qingming Festival in Chinese,is a festival to 1]worship ancestors and deceased relatives in China.It usually falls on 1 Tomb Sweeping Da y can be traced back to Eastern Zhou Dynasty(770BC—256BC),with 2 over 2500 years.According to the tradition,people 3 during this festival.

莎士比亚风格底发展

当莎士比亚开始为舞台写作的时候,当日演技的水准是由爱林(Edward Alleyn)^(①)设立的;当日剧作的准则则是由那些为爱林写剧的人——特别是马罗(Marlowe)、格令(Green),基德(Kyd)——所设立的。爱林最受人欢迎的剧本是马罗的《谭伯伦》(Tomburlaine)和《马耳他岛的犹太人》(Jewof Malta)。