This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while...This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.展开更多
肿瘤分期和淋巴结受累是局部晚期宫颈癌最重要的预后因素。对于宫颈癌,妇科肿瘤医师普遍应用国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)标准。然而目前FIGO 2018分期标准中,ⅢC期仅基于转移淋巴结的...肿瘤分期和淋巴结受累是局部晚期宫颈癌最重要的预后因素。对于宫颈癌,妇科肿瘤医师普遍应用国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)标准。然而目前FIGO 2018分期标准中,ⅢC期仅基于转移淋巴结的解剖位置,并未考虑局部肿瘤因素及其他淋巴状态参数,一定程度上限制了其预后意义。本文旨在总结ⅢC期宫颈癌局部肿瘤因素及不同淋巴状态参数对预后的影响以及治疗选择。展开更多
腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析...腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析导管相关感染的防治指南建议》,修订和明确了PD导管出口处感染(exit site infection,ESI)和隧道感染的定义和分类,其中要求PD导管ESI的感染率不应超过每年0.4例,关于PD导管相关感染的预防和治疗提出了具体的建议,最后指出了未来研究方向。本文就该指南内容作一解读。展开更多
文摘This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.
文摘肿瘤分期和淋巴结受累是局部晚期宫颈癌最重要的预后因素。对于宫颈癌,妇科肿瘤医师普遍应用国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)标准。然而目前FIGO 2018分期标准中,ⅢC期仅基于转移淋巴结的解剖位置,并未考虑局部肿瘤因素及其他淋巴状态参数,一定程度上限制了其预后意义。本文旨在总结ⅢC期宫颈癌局部肿瘤因素及不同淋巴状态参数对预后的影响以及治疗选择。
文摘腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)导管相关感染是PD患者的严重并发症,是PD导管拔除和腹膜炎发生的重要危险因素,影响PD患者的预后。2023年5月国际腹膜透析协会(International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis,ISPD)更新了《腹膜透析导管相关感染的防治指南建议》,修订和明确了PD导管出口处感染(exit site infection,ESI)和隧道感染的定义和分类,其中要求PD导管ESI的感染率不应超过每年0.4例,关于PD导管相关感染的预防和治疗提出了具体的建议,最后指出了未来研究方向。本文就该指南内容作一解读。
