Agriculture is an important source of economic survival of rural populations, and with great power for poverty reduction in the economy. For this reason farming systems that are most efficient have to be sought. This ...Agriculture is an important source of economic survival of rural populations, and with great power for poverty reduction in the economy. For this reason farming systems that are most efficient have to be sought. This paper explores crop-based and pastoralism farming systems under conflicting land use relations. Incidences of violent conflicts are highlighted, which usually assume a depoliticised expression as inter-group conflicts. Competition for resources (land and water) is an important reason for such conflict, but the role of the state in protection of property rights is also advocated to nurture rivalry. Very wide difference in conception, that to the pastoralists property is cattle, land is common property open to herds, while to crop farmers land is property, which is divided between households, complicates the conflict resolution. State bias exists in the protection of property rights. Mechanisms for the state bias arebriefly cited. This paper suggests a farming systems educational approach as a way to reduce environmentally stressful practice, and strengthen the study of administrative regulation that harmonizes equity in conflicting land use.展开更多
[目的]为揭示窟野河流域径流对土地利用变化的响应,并预测未来径流变化。[方法]以窟野河流域为研究区,基于SWAT和PLUS模型,通过2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年和预测得到的自然发展情景下2025年、2030年7期土地利用数据,定量...[目的]为揭示窟野河流域径流对土地利用变化的响应,并预测未来径流变化。[方法]以窟野河流域为研究区,基于SWAT和PLUS模型,通过2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年和预测得到的自然发展情景下2025年、2030年7期土地利用数据,定量分析径流在不同土地利用情景下的变化。[结果](1)SWAT模型率定期和验证期的R 2和NS均>0.7;PLUS模型总体精度为0.8774,Kappa系数为0.8021,2个模型在窟野河流域适用性较好;(2)2000—2020年,窟野河流域林地、建设用地面积分别增加102.92,600.90 km 2,耕地、草地、水域和未利用地分别减少277.15,366.25,40.44,19.98 km 2;(3)窟野河流域年平均径流深整体呈现“上游低,下游高,西部低,东部高”的空间分布格局;(4)在保证其他输入数据不变的情况下,改变土地利用数据,情景分析结果表明,林地、草地面积减少会促进径流,建设用地面积增加同样会促进径流;(5)自然发展情景下,2025年和2030年窟野河流域土地利用空间分布格局未发生显著变化,仍以耕地和草地为主,年平均径流量较2020年分别增加3.21%,5.00%。[结论]土地利用与径流变化关系密切,情景分析角度下,林地、草地对径流起抑制作用,建设用地对径流起促进作用。未来自然发展情景下,随土地利用变化,径流呈增加态势,研究结果可为窟野河流域的土地利用结构优化和水土资源的合理规划提供科学依据。展开更多
文摘Agriculture is an important source of economic survival of rural populations, and with great power for poverty reduction in the economy. For this reason farming systems that are most efficient have to be sought. This paper explores crop-based and pastoralism farming systems under conflicting land use relations. Incidences of violent conflicts are highlighted, which usually assume a depoliticised expression as inter-group conflicts. Competition for resources (land and water) is an important reason for such conflict, but the role of the state in protection of property rights is also advocated to nurture rivalry. Very wide difference in conception, that to the pastoralists property is cattle, land is common property open to herds, while to crop farmers land is property, which is divided between households, complicates the conflict resolution. State bias exists in the protection of property rights. Mechanisms for the state bias arebriefly cited. This paper suggests a farming systems educational approach as a way to reduce environmentally stressful practice, and strengthen the study of administrative regulation that harmonizes equity in conflicting land use.
文摘[目的]为揭示窟野河流域径流对土地利用变化的响应,并预测未来径流变化。[方法]以窟野河流域为研究区,基于SWAT和PLUS模型,通过2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年、2020年和预测得到的自然发展情景下2025年、2030年7期土地利用数据,定量分析径流在不同土地利用情景下的变化。[结果](1)SWAT模型率定期和验证期的R 2和NS均>0.7;PLUS模型总体精度为0.8774,Kappa系数为0.8021,2个模型在窟野河流域适用性较好;(2)2000—2020年,窟野河流域林地、建设用地面积分别增加102.92,600.90 km 2,耕地、草地、水域和未利用地分别减少277.15,366.25,40.44,19.98 km 2;(3)窟野河流域年平均径流深整体呈现“上游低,下游高,西部低,东部高”的空间分布格局;(4)在保证其他输入数据不变的情况下,改变土地利用数据,情景分析结果表明,林地、草地面积减少会促进径流,建设用地面积增加同样会促进径流;(5)自然发展情景下,2025年和2030年窟野河流域土地利用空间分布格局未发生显著变化,仍以耕地和草地为主,年平均径流量较2020年分别增加3.21%,5.00%。[结论]土地利用与径流变化关系密切,情景分析角度下,林地、草地对径流起抑制作用,建设用地对径流起促进作用。未来自然发展情景下,随土地利用变化,径流呈增加态势,研究结果可为窟野河流域的土地利用结构优化和水土资源的合理规划提供科学依据。
