Understanding wettability is important in many processes where porous media and fluids are in contact.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)is one of the industry standard techniques for measuring wettability.This index is cal...Understanding wettability is important in many processes where porous media and fluids are in contact.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)is one of the industry standard techniques for measuring wettability.This index is calculated as USBM=lg(A_(1)/A_(2)),where A_(1) and A_(2) are the areas under capillary pressure curves of oil-drive and water-drive processes,respectively.Usually,the USBM is mistakenly assumed to vary over the range of-1 to 1 and compared with other indices.In this study we indicate that the lower and upper bounds of this index are not fully known in practice.As a result,comparison between USBM and other indices may cause erroneous interpretations due to dissimilar ranges of variation.In addition,even during examining the USBM of a sample it may not be possible to accurately interpret its wettability.We highlight the bounded form of the USBM index(denoted as USBM^(*)=A_(1)-A_(2)/A_(1)+A_(2)),which varies over the range of -1 to 1,and suggest that it should replace the traditional form of USBM index.Twenty limestone coreplugs were collected from Asmari and Fahlian formations in two Iranian fields.These samples were used for performing primary imbibition relative permeability measurements,as well as primary imbibition and secondary drainage capillary pressure tests.These experiments are used to show the differences between USBM and USBM^(*)in comparative studies and compare them against other indices of Amott-Harvey,Lak and modified Lak.展开更多
页岩气含气量是页岩评价和开发指标预测的关键参数,目前的测试方法与煤层气含气量的测试方法几乎相同。为论证USBM(United States Bureau of Mine)方法是否适用于页岩的含气量测试,开展了力学分析和理论计算。研究表明:1井筒中岩心内的...页岩气含气量是页岩评价和开发指标预测的关键参数,目前的测试方法与煤层气含气量的测试方法几乎相同。为论证USBM(United States Bureau of Mine)方法是否适用于页岩的含气量测试,开展了力学分析和理论计算。研究表明:1井筒中岩心内的气体受力分析表明,不同压力系数下,岩心在井筒中随取心筒向上提升,不同位置的孔隙压力、泥浆静水压力和毛管压力的合力大小、方向不同,天然气的逸散速度不同,表现出非线性特征。2使用USBM方法,对于正常压力系数的气藏,损失气计算时间偏早,导致损失气计算结果偏大;而对于异常高压气藏,损失气计算时间偏晚,可能导致损失气计算结果偏小。3理论计算结果表明,槡t(t为实验解吸时间)与累积解吸量在初期呈线性关系,但是该线性段不过原点,用USBM方法会产生附加的损失气量。同时在槡t中加上了损失气量时间,增大了线性段的斜率,使得拟合的损失气量进一步增大。这2个结果证明,USBM方法不能用来计算损失气量,其不适应中国页岩埋藏较深的特点,因此有必要研究适合中国页岩气特点的含气量测试方法。展开更多
This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial t...This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial tension(IFT),contact angle,Zeta potential,and dynamic displacement measurements were performed at various NP mass fractions and brine salinities.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)index was used to quantify the wettability alteration.Furthermore,the NP stability and retention and the effect of enhanced oil recovery by nanofluid were examined.The results showed that LSW immiscible displacement with NPs altered the wettability toward more water wet.With the decreasing brine salinity and increasing NP mass fraction,the IFT and contact angle decreased.The wettability alteration intensified most as the brine salinity decreased to 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction increased to 0.075%.Under these conditions,the resulting incremental oil recovery factor was approximately 13 percentage points.When the brine salinity was 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction was 0.025%,the retention of NPs caused the minimum damage to permeability.展开更多
Introducing the novel technique for enhancing oil recovery from available petroleum reservoirs is one of the important issues in future energy demands.Among of all operative factors,wettability may be the foremost par...Introducing the novel technique for enhancing oil recovery from available petroleum reservoirs is one of the important issues in future energy demands.Among of all operative factors,wettability may be the foremost parameter affecting residual oil saturation in all stage of oil recovery.Although wettability alteration is one of the methods which enhance oil recovery from the petroleum reservoir.Recently,the studies which focused on this subject were more than the past and many contributions have been made on this area.The main objective of the current study is experimentally investigation of the two nonionic surfactants effects on altering wettability of reservoir rocks.Purpose of this work is to change the wettability to preferentially the water-wet condition.Also reducing the residual oil saturation(Sor)is the other purpose of this work.The wettability alteration of reservoir rock is measured by two main quantitative methods namely contact angle and the USBM methods.Results of this study showed that surfactant flooding is more effective in oil-wet rocks to change their wettability and consequently reducing Sor to a low value.Cedar(Zizyphus Spina Christi)is low priced,absolutely natural,and abundantly accessible in the Middle East and Central Asia.Based on the results,this material can be used as a chemical surfactant in field for enhancing oil recovery.展开更多
文摘Understanding wettability is important in many processes where porous media and fluids are in contact.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)is one of the industry standard techniques for measuring wettability.This index is calculated as USBM=lg(A_(1)/A_(2)),where A_(1) and A_(2) are the areas under capillary pressure curves of oil-drive and water-drive processes,respectively.Usually,the USBM is mistakenly assumed to vary over the range of-1 to 1 and compared with other indices.In this study we indicate that the lower and upper bounds of this index are not fully known in practice.As a result,comparison between USBM and other indices may cause erroneous interpretations due to dissimilar ranges of variation.In addition,even during examining the USBM of a sample it may not be possible to accurately interpret its wettability.We highlight the bounded form of the USBM index(denoted as USBM^(*)=A_(1)-A_(2)/A_(1)+A_(2)),which varies over the range of -1 to 1,and suggest that it should replace the traditional form of USBM index.Twenty limestone coreplugs were collected from Asmari and Fahlian formations in two Iranian fields.These samples were used for performing primary imbibition relative permeability measurements,as well as primary imbibition and secondary drainage capillary pressure tests.These experiments are used to show the differences between USBM and USBM^(*)in comparative studies and compare them against other indices of Amott-Harvey,Lak and modified Lak.
文摘页岩气含气量是页岩评价和开发指标预测的关键参数,目前的测试方法与煤层气含气量的测试方法几乎相同。为论证USBM(United States Bureau of Mine)方法是否适用于页岩的含气量测试,开展了力学分析和理论计算。研究表明:1井筒中岩心内的气体受力分析表明,不同压力系数下,岩心在井筒中随取心筒向上提升,不同位置的孔隙压力、泥浆静水压力和毛管压力的合力大小、方向不同,天然气的逸散速度不同,表现出非线性特征。2使用USBM方法,对于正常压力系数的气藏,损失气计算时间偏早,导致损失气计算结果偏大;而对于异常高压气藏,损失气计算时间偏晚,可能导致损失气计算结果偏小。3理论计算结果表明,槡t(t为实验解吸时间)与累积解吸量在初期呈线性关系,但是该线性段不过原点,用USBM方法会产生附加的损失气量。同时在槡t中加上了损失气量时间,增大了线性段的斜率,使得拟合的损失气量进一步增大。这2个结果证明,USBM方法不能用来计算损失气量,其不适应中国页岩埋藏较深的特点,因此有必要研究适合中国页岩气特点的含气量测试方法。
基金Kuwait University General Research Facilities (GE01/17,GE01/07,and GS03/01)for their support in conducting the necessary experimental work of this study。
文摘This study investigated experimentally the coupled effects of hydrophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles(NPs)and low-salinity water(LSW)on the wettability of synthetic clay-free Berea sandstone.Capillary pressure,interfacial tension(IFT),contact angle,Zeta potential,and dynamic displacement measurements were performed at various NP mass fractions and brine salinities.The U.S.Bureau of Mines(USBM)index was used to quantify the wettability alteration.Furthermore,the NP stability and retention and the effect of enhanced oil recovery by nanofluid were examined.The results showed that LSW immiscible displacement with NPs altered the wettability toward more water wet.With the decreasing brine salinity and increasing NP mass fraction,the IFT and contact angle decreased.The wettability alteration intensified most as the brine salinity decreased to 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction increased to 0.075%.Under these conditions,the resulting incremental oil recovery factor was approximately 13 percentage points.When the brine salinity was 4000 mg/L and the NP mass fraction was 0.025%,the retention of NPs caused the minimum damage to permeability.
文摘Introducing the novel technique for enhancing oil recovery from available petroleum reservoirs is one of the important issues in future energy demands.Among of all operative factors,wettability may be the foremost parameter affecting residual oil saturation in all stage of oil recovery.Although wettability alteration is one of the methods which enhance oil recovery from the petroleum reservoir.Recently,the studies which focused on this subject were more than the past and many contributions have been made on this area.The main objective of the current study is experimentally investigation of the two nonionic surfactants effects on altering wettability of reservoir rocks.Purpose of this work is to change the wettability to preferentially the water-wet condition.Also reducing the residual oil saturation(Sor)is the other purpose of this work.The wettability alteration of reservoir rock is measured by two main quantitative methods namely contact angle and the USBM methods.Results of this study showed that surfactant flooding is more effective in oil-wet rocks to change their wettability and consequently reducing Sor to a low value.Cedar(Zizyphus Spina Christi)is low priced,absolutely natural,and abundantly accessible in the Middle East and Central Asia.Based on the results,this material can be used as a chemical surfactant in field for enhancing oil recovery.
