Study of the Evolution of Properties of Concrete Containing Used Tire Aggregates

Concrete is generally composed of cement, water, gravel, and sand. However, some research focuses on substituting aggregates with waste materials. In this study, used tires are used as a substitute for gravel. Characteristics such as tensile strength, compressive strength, and porosity were monitored at 7, 14, and 28 days of maturation. The results show that aggregates made from used tires are suitable for concrete production and can replace natural gravel. Regarding the formed concrete, low substitution rates lead to improved concrete properties, but only at an early age. A reaction between the cement and rubber could be the underlying cause. Additionally, the products of this reaction may mitigate the evolution of the compressive strength of the concrete over time.

Study on Rational Fertilization Scheme for Mulberry(Morus alba Linn) Used for Tea

[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate effects of application amounts of N, P and K and their ratio on tea quality components in mulberry leaves. [Method] Effects of sole application and combined application of N, P and K on the yield and tea quality components of spring mulberry leaves were studied by 3-factor 3-level experiment, based on previous experiments. [Result] Combined ap- plication of 3 of N, P and K was better than sole application and combined appli- cation of 2 from them. Insufficient or excessive fertilization both significantly reduced yield of mulberry leaves and contents of tea quality components, such as 1-de- oxynojimycin （DNJ）, flavonoids, tea polyphenols and amino acids. With the yield of spring mulberry leaves as a target, it is advised to apply N, P and K at rates of 240, 150 and 60 kg/hm^2 , respectively. [Conclusion] This study provides reference and theoretical basis for the establishment of raw material base of high-quality mul- berry tea.

Measurement of the Level of Knowledge of the Sands Used in Constructions in Togo

Faced with the proliferation of quarries extracting silty sand and river sand used in the building and public works sector in Togo, recognition of the granular properties of these materials remains a major challenge for builders. This study aims to take stock of the use of sand in construction in Togo. One hundred and eighteen (118) sand quarries in operation, including thirty-eight (38) silty sand quarries and eighty (80) river sand quarries, were identified following surveys carried out among stakeholders involved in the chain of construction on 40% of the national territory. It appears from these surveys that river sands (59.43% to 84.68%) are prioritized over silty sands (15.32% to 40.57%). Three (3) main reasons are behind the choice of sand type;namely, proximity (28%), cleanliness (25%), good appearance (25%). These three (03) reasons partly explain the strong dependence of users on the sands located in their vicinity as well as the related expenses. Thus, making data available on the characteristics of sand, the materials most used in construction in Togo, would contribute to improving the housing conditions of the Togolese population. .

Effects of Used Battery on Key Enzyme Activity during the Germination of Wheat Seeds

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of used battery lixivium on wheat germination. [Method] The wheat seeds were treated with used battery lix- ivium at different concentrations to detect the change of activities of amylase, pro- tease, pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） during the ger- mination period. [Result] The results showed that the used battery affected enzyme activity. With the increase of concentration of used battery lixivium, trends of the changes of amylase and protease activities were not different. The activities were en- hanced at low concentrations of lixivium, while were inhibited at high concentrations. The tends of changes of pyruvate dehydrogenase （PDH） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activities were not consistent with that of either amylase or protease, which showed continuous downward trends with the increasing concentration of used battery lixivium. [Conclusion] This study is of great practical significance for understanding the effects of used battery lixivium on the germination of wheat seeds.

would与used to

would与used to都可用来表示过去经常发生的动作，常常可以互相换用。例如：

would和used to表示“过去常常”用法小议

would表示过去的习惯、习性、倾向等，相当于used to(过去常常)。例如：

There used to…的反意疑问部分是什么?

[问][415]《全国成人高考统考全真模拟试卷英语》(新世界出版社p.56)有一道试题: There used to be a coffer shop next to your house,______? A.wasn’t there B.didn’t there C.wasn’t it D.didn't it 答案为A。请问这个答案对吗? [答]《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》指出。

BEHAVIOR OF FLOW STRESS OF ALUMINUM SHEETS USED FOR PRESSURE CAN DURING COMPRESSION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

The behavior of flow stress of Al sheets used for pressure can prepared by different melt-treatment during plastic deformation at elevated temperature was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble1500 dynamic hot-simulation testing machine. The results show that the AI sheets possess the remarkable characteristic of steady state flow stress when they are deformed in the temperature range of 350-500℃ at strain rates within the range of 0.01-10.0s^-1. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate, and an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature, which implies that the process of plastic deformation at elevated temperature for this material is thermally activated. Compared with the AI pieces prepared by no or conventional melt-treatment, hot deformation activation energy of AI sheets prepared by high-efficient melt-treatment is the smallest （ Q= 168.0kJ/mol）, which reveals that the hot working formability of this material is very better, and has directly to do with the effective improvement of its metallurgical quality.

Refining Effect of a New Al3Ti1B1RE Master Alloy on Al Sheets Used for Can Manufacture and Behavior of Rare Earths in Master Alloy

The refining effect of Al3Ti1B1RE master alloy on Al sheets used for pressure can manufacture and the behavior of mixed rare earths in master alloy were investigated with XRD, OM, SEM and EDAX. It is found that the refining effect of the refiner on the material has superiority over foreign or domestic Al5Ti1B refiner, and the refiner still retains its refining ability for 6 h after adding it to molten Al, thus improving the strength and plasticity of the material remarkably. The excellent refining effect and stability of AlTiBRE refiner result from that RE can lower the surface energy of molten Al and improve the wetting characteristics of molten Al on refinement nuclei such as TiAl 3, TiB 2, etc., thus giving full play to the effect of heterogeneous nucleation and impeding the congregating tendency of TiB 2 phase in molten Al. At the same time, RE gathering in front of solid/liquid interface are also easy to cause composition supercooling in molten Al, thus impeding the growth of α Al grains and promoting α Al nucleation on refinement nuclei. In addition, RE also play certain role in purification and grain refinement, or modification, especially their effect of purification can improve the metallurgical quality of AlTiBRE master alloy.

In vitro screening of traditionally used medicinal plants in China against Enteroviruses

AIM： To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS： The aqueous extracts （AE） of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities with a MTT-based colorimetric assay. RESULTS： The test for AE of 16 plants exhibited anti- Coxsackie virus B3 activities at different magnitudes of potency. They can inhibit three steps （inactivation, adsorption and replication） during the infection. Among the 16 plants, Sargentodoxa cuneata （Oliv.） Rehd. et Wils., Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. and Cyrtorniurn fortunei J, sm. also have activity against other enterovirus, including Coxsackie virus 135, Polio virus I, Echo virus 9 and Echo virus 29. Cell cytotoxic assay demonstrated that all tested AE had CC50 values higher than their EC50 values. CONCLUSION： The sixteen traditionally used medicinal plants in China possessed antMral activity, and some of them merit further investigations.

Dry reusing and wet reclaiming of used sodium silicate sand

Based on the characteristics of used sodium silicate sand and the different use requirements for recycled sand, "dry reusing and wet reclaiming of used sodium silicate sand" is considered as the most suitable technique for the used sand. When the recycled sand is used as support sand, the used sand is only reused by dry process including breaking, screening, dust-removal, etc., and it is not necessary that the used sand is reclaimed with strongly rubbing and scraping method, but when the recycled sand is used as facing sand (or single sand), the used sand must be reclaimed by wet method for higher removal rate of the residual binders. The characteristics and the properties of the dry reused sand are compared with the wet reclaimed sand after combining the different use requirements of support sand and facing sand (or single sand), and above the most adaptive scheme has also been validated.

Feature of flow stress of aluminum sheet used for can during hot compression

The flow stress feature of aluminum sheet used for pressure can during plastic deformation at elevated temperature was studied by isothermal compression test using Gleeble 1 500 dynamic materials testing machine. The experimental results show that the steady state deformation is remarkable when the material is deformed in the temperature range of 350～500 ℃ at strain rates within the range of 10 -2 ～10.0 s -1 . The material is sensitive to positive strain rate. A hyperbolic sine relationship is found to correlate well the flow stress with the strain rate, and an Arrhenius relationship with the temperature. Semi empirical constitutive equations of the flow stress are derived from all experimental data for tested material during plastic deformation at elevated temperature by polyelement linear regression analysis. [

Wet reclamation of sodium silicate used sand and biological treatment of its wastewater by Nitzschia palea

The massive amount of sodium silicate in the used sand was a pollution source, especially in the waste water from the wet reclamation of used sand. A new process of wet reclamation by biologically treating the waste water produced during the wet reclamation process of used sand was studied in the paper. In the work, the precultivation of N. palea was performed firstly, and three different scrubbing solutions： （1） tap water, （2） modified medium for N. palea, and （3） filtrate of the broth treated by N. palea for 15 days, were used. The results of the primary investigation show that a de-skinning ratio of 90% is obtained when using the scrubbing solution containing modified medium for N. palea at the ratio 1：2 of sand and scrubbing solution, and the maximal concentrations of Na^＋ and SiO3^2- are 1.49 g.L-1 and 0.51 g.L-1, respectively. The results of the optimal biomass, pH value decrease and Na^＋ and SiO32 consumption indicate the optimal incubation conditions are at the irradiance of 5,000 lux and 25 ℃. Using the filtrate of the broth treated by N. palea for 15 days as the scrubbing solution directly, a de-skinning ratio of 93% is the highest compared to the results of the tap water and the modified medium for N. palea. In the biological process using N. palea, less water is used and little wastewater is produced, which is advantageous to the purpose of green manufacturing and environmental protection.

CELLULOSE MEMBRANE USED AS STATIONARY PHASE OF MEMBRANE AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY

Cellulose membrane was used as Stahonary phase Of affinity chromeqraphy. A ￣ for theprepeboon Of microPOre cellulose membone born cellulose balm is describ6d. Terne dyeS,Cibacron BIne F3GA and cave Red KZBP were immobilbe as amnty figeds. UP tO IO0 mgCibacron BIne F3G^ can be coupled ontO 1 g merebrane mainx. A membene cadridge cocainingblue affinty membranes was also Prepared. The flux of the cadridge was much superior to that Ofcolumn PaCked ed agarose as sepadsn odium. On this cable, the Chromatography ofhuman seam albumin was performed.

A reversibly used cooling tower with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) for predicting the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower(RUCT) under cross flow conditions as part of a heat pump system for a heating mode in winter was demonstrated.Extensive field experimental work was carried out in order to gather enough data for training and prediction.The statistical methods,such as the correlation coefficient,absolute fraction of variance and root mean square error,were given to compare the predicted and actual values for model validation.The simulation results predicted with the ANFIS can be used to simulate the performance of a reversibly used cooling tower quite accurately.Therefore,the ANFIS approach can reliably be used for forecasting the performance of RUCT.

Risk Analysis of Sulfites Used as Food Additives in China

This study was to analyze the risk of sulfites in food consumed by the Chinese people and assess the health protection capability of maximum-permitted level （MPL） of sulfites in GB 2760-2011. Sulfites as food additives are overused or abused in many food categories. When the MPL in GB 2760-2011 was used as sulfites content in food, the intake of sulfites in most surveyed populations was lower than the acceptable daily intake （ADI）. Excess intake of sulfites was found in all the surveyed groups when a high percentile of sulfites in food was intaken. Moreover, children aged 1-6 years are at a high risk to intake excess sulfites. The primary cause for the excess intake of sulfites in Chinese people is the overuse and abuse of sulfites by the food industry. The current MPL of sulfites in GB 2760-2011 protects the health of most populations.

Research and development of recycling utilization of used refractories:A review

Due to thermal stability and excellent resistance to slag erosion,the used refractories can be recycled as the main raw material for some refractories.In this article the latest developments about used refractories in metallurgical industry has been reviewed,focusing on the results reported in the past decade.The research and reutilization methods of used refractories were discussed.For the research of used refractories,the results of two aspects,the performance and surface corrosion characteristics,are summarized.Then,the advances in research on recycling technology of several main kinds of used refractories,such as MgO-C,Al2O3-SiC-C,Al2O3-MgO-C,magnesium-chrome,and corundum-spinel refractories were summarized and discussed in detail.Some results of the author’s group were reported等线accompanied by these comments.The microstructure and chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectra,and the properties of the refractories were analyzed.Afterwards,the scope of application of materials was determined according to the classification and analysis of refractories.Finally,the large-scale application of used refractories and an outlook is given to future developments of the entire recycling industry.

Co-liquefaction of Coal and Used Tire in Supercritical Water

The co-liquefaction of lignite coal and used tire was performed in a 250-ml batch reactor, in supercritical water under a nitrogen atmosphere to investigate the effects of temperature (380-440℃), water/feedstock ratio (4/1-10/1 (wt./wt.)) and the % used tire content in the feedstock (0-100 wt.%) on the conversion efficiency, liquid yield and oil composition attained. The maximum conversion and oil yield were 67 and 50%, respectively, obtained at 400℃ at 1 min, with water/feedstock ratio of 10/1 and 80% used tire content. The distillation characteristics of the oil products, analyzed by simulated distillation gas chromatography, revealed that the oil composition depended significantly on the reaction temperature. The co-liquefaction of coal and used tire yielded a synergistically increased level of oil production. Moreover, the total conversion level obtained with co-liquefaction alone was almost equal to those obtained in the presence of either Fe2O3 or NiMo as catalysts, under the same conditions. Therefore, supercritical water is a good medium for the dissolution of the volatile matter from a coal and used tire matrix.