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Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy:A multidimensional probe of nonequilibrium physics
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作者 戴亚南 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期24-57,共34页
Exploring the realms of physics that extend beyond thermal equilibrium has emerged as a crucial branch of condensed matter physics research.It aims to unravel the intricate processes involving the excitations,interact... Exploring the realms of physics that extend beyond thermal equilibrium has emerged as a crucial branch of condensed matter physics research.It aims to unravel the intricate processes involving the excitations,interactions,and annihilations of quasi-and many-body particles,and ultimately to achieve the manipulation and engineering of exotic non-equilibrium quantum phases on the ultrasmall and ultrafast spatiotemporal scales.Given the inherent complexities arising from many-body dynamics,it therefore seeks a technique that has efficient and diverse detection degrees of freedom to study the underlying physics.By combining high-power femtosecond lasers with real-or momentum-space photoemission electron microscopy(PEEM),imaging excited state phenomena from multiple perspectives,including time,real space,energy,momentum,and spin,can be conveniently achieved,making it a unique technique in studying physics out of equilibrium.In this context,we overview the working principle and technical advances of the PEEM apparatus and the related laser systems,and survey key excited-state phenomena probed through this surface-sensitive methodology,including the ultrafast dynamics of electrons,excitons,plasmons,spins,etc.,in materials ranging from bulk and nano-structured metals and semiconductors to low-dimensional quantum materials.Through this review,one can further envision that time-resolved PEEM will open new avenues for investigating a variety of classical and quantum phenomena in a multidimensional parameter space,offering unprecedented and comprehensive insights into important questions in the field of condensed matter physics. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy ultrafast momentum microscopy excited state physics
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Ultrafast Response and Threshold Adjustable Intelligent Thermoelectric Systems for Next‑Generation Self‑Powered Remote IoT Fire Warning
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作者 Zhaofu Ding Gang Li +5 位作者 Yejun Wang Chunyu Du Zhenqiang Ye Lirong Liang Long‑Cheng Tang Guangming Chen 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期413-428,共16页
Fire warning is vital to human life,economy and ecology.However,the development of effective warning systems faces great challenges of fast response,adjustable threshold and remote detecting.Here,we propose an intelli... Fire warning is vital to human life,economy and ecology.However,the development of effective warning systems faces great challenges of fast response,adjustable threshold and remote detecting.Here,we propose an intelligent self-powered remote IoT fire warning system,by employing single-walled carbon nanotube/titanium carbide thermoelectric composite films.The flexible films,prepared by a convenient solution mixing,display p-type characteristic with excellent high-temperature stability,flame retardancy and TE(power factor of 239.7±15.8μW m^(-1) K^(-2))performances.The comprehensive morphology and structural analyses shed light on the underlying mechanisms.And the assembled TE devices(TEDs)exhibit fast fire warning with adjustable warning threshold voltages(1–10 mV).Excitingly,an ultrafast fire warning response time of~0.1 s at 1 mV threshold voltage is achieved,rivaling many state-of-the-art systems.Furthermore,TE fire warning systems reveal outstanding stability after 50 repeated cycles and desired durability even undergoing 180 days of air exposure.Finally,a TED-based wireless intelligent fire warning system has been developed by coupling an amplifier,analogto-digital converter and Bluetooth module.By combining TE characteristics,high-temperature stability and flame retardancy with wireless IoT signal transmission,TE-based hybrid system developed here is promising for next-generation self-powered remote IoT fire warning applications. 展开更多
关键词 THERMOELECTRIC SELF-POWERED IoT fire warning ultrafast response Threshold adjustable
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Femtosecond laser ultrafast photothermal exsolution
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作者 Lurun Xu Jingchao Tao +2 位作者 Zhuguo Li Guo He Dongshi Zhang 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期207-219,共13页
Exsolution,as an effective approach to constructing particle-decorated interfaces,is still challenging to yield interfacial films rather than isolated particles.Inspired by in vivo near-infrared laser photothermal the... Exsolution,as an effective approach to constructing particle-decorated interfaces,is still challenging to yield interfacial films rather than isolated particles.Inspired by in vivo near-infrared laser photothermal therapy,using 3 mol%Y_(2)O_(3)stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals(3Y-TZP)as host oxide matrix and iron-oxide(Fe3O4/γ-Fe_(2)O_(3)/α-Fe_(2)O_(3))materials as photothermal modulator and exsolution resource,femtosecond laser ultrafast exsolution approach is presented enabling to conquer this challenge.The key is to trigger photothermal annealing behavior via femtosecond laser ablation to initialize phase transition from monoclinic zirconia(m-ZrO_(2))to tetragonal zirconia(t-ZrO_(2))and induce t-ZrO_(2)columnar crystal growth.Fe-ions rapidly segregate along grain boundaries and diffuse towards the outmost surface,and become‘frozen’,highlighting the potential to use photothermal materials and ultrafast heating/quenching behaviors of femtosecond laser ablation for interfacial exsolution.Triggering interfacial iron-oxide coloring exsolution is composition and concentration dependent.Photothermal materials themselves and corresponding photothermal transition capacity play a crucial role,initializing at 2 wt%,3 wt%,and 5 wt%for Fe3O4/γ-Fe_(2)O_(3)/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)doped 3Y-TZP samples.Due to different photothermal effects,exsolution states of ablated 5 wt%Fe_(3)O_(4)/γ-Fe_(2)O_(3)/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)-doped 3Y-TZP samples are totally different,with whole coverage,exhaustion(ablated away)and partial exsolution(rich in the grain boundaries in subsurface),respectively.Femtosecond laser ultrafast photothermal exsolution is uniquely featured by up to now the deepest microscale(10μm from 5 wt%-Fe_(3)O_(4)-3Y-TZP sample)Fe-elemental deficient layer for exsolution and the whole coverage of exsolved materials rather than the formation of isolated exsolved particles by other methods.It is believed that this novel exsolution method may pave a good way to modulate interfacial properties for extensive applications in the fields of biology,optics/photonics,energy,catalysis,environment,etc. 展开更多
关键词 EXSOLUTION ultrafast quenching femtosecond laser ablation photothermal therapy 3Y-TZP ceramics thermal annealing
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Ultrafast dynamics in photo-excited Mott insulator Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_7 at high pressure
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作者 尹霞 张建波 +6 位作者 王东 Takeshi Nakagawa 夏春生 张曹顺 郭伟程 昌峻 丁阳 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期149-155,共7页
High-pressure ultrafast dynamics,as a new crossed research direction,are sensitive to subtle non-equilibrium state changes that might be unresolved by equilibrium states measurements,providing crucial information for ... High-pressure ultrafast dynamics,as a new crossed research direction,are sensitive to subtle non-equilibrium state changes that might be unresolved by equilibrium states measurements,providing crucial information for studying delicate phase transitions caused by complex interactions in Mott insulators.With time-resolved transient reflectivity measurements,we identified the new phases in the spin–orbit Mott insulator Sr_(3)Ir_(2)O_7 at 300 K that was previously unidentified using conventional approaches such as x-ray diffraction.Significant pressure-dependent variation of the amplitude and lifetime obtained by fitting the reflectivity?R/R reveal the changes of electronic structure caused by lattice distortions,and reflect the critical phenomena of phase transitions.Our findings demonstrate the importance of ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics under extreme conditions for understanding the phase transition of Mott insulators. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast dynamics high pressure phase transition Mott insulator
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Ultrafast magneto-optical dynamics in nickel(111)single crystal studied by the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes
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作者 匡皓 余军潇 +3 位作者 陈洁 H.E.Elsayed-Ali 李润泽 Peter M.Rentzepis 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期65-69,共5页
With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single crystals.The carrier relaxation time within... With the integration of ultrafast reflectivity and polarimetry probes,we observed carrier relaxation and spin dynamics induced by ultrafast laser excitation of Ni(111)single crystals.The carrier relaxation time within the linear excitation range reveals that electron-phonon coupling and dissipation of photon energy into the bulk of the crystal take tens of picoseconds.On the other hand,the observed spin dynamics indicate a longer time of about 120 ps.To further understand how the lattice degree of freedom is coupled with these dynamics may require the integration of an ultrafast diffraction probe. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast spin dynamics non-equilibrium dynamics multi-probe
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Ultrafast carrier dynamics in GeSn thin film based on time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
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作者 黄盼盼 张有禄 +3 位作者 胡凯 齐静波 张岱南 程亮 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期164-169,共6页
We measure the time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy of GeSn thin film and studied the ultrafast dynamics of its photo-generated carriers.The experimental results show that there are photo-generated carriers in GeSn un... We measure the time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy of GeSn thin film and studied the ultrafast dynamics of its photo-generated carriers.The experimental results show that there are photo-generated carriers in GeSn under femtosecond laser excitation at 2500 nm,and its pump-induced photoconductivity can be explained by the Drude–Smith model.The carrier recombination process is mainly dominated by defect-assisted Auger processes and defect capture.The firstand second-order recombination rates are obtained by the rate equation fitting,which are(2.6±1.1)×10^(-2)ps^(-1)and(6.6±1.8)×10^(-19)cm^(3)·ps^(-1),respectively.Meanwhile,we also obtain the diffusion length of photo-generated carriers in GeSn,which is about 0.4μm,and it changes with the pump delay time.These results are important for the GeSn-based infrared optoelectronic devices,and demonstrate that Ge Sn materials can be applied to high-speed optoelectronic detectors and other applications. 展开更多
关键词 GeSn thin film time-resolved THz spectroscopy ultrafast dynamics carrier recombination
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Electrically-driven ultrafast out-of-equilibrium light emission from hot electrons in suspended graphene/hBN heterostructures
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作者 Qiang Liu Wei Xu +7 位作者 Xiaoxi Li Tongyao Zhang Chengbing Qin Fang Luo Zhihong Zhu Shiqiao Qin Mengjian Zhu Kostya S Novoselov 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期328-338,共11页
Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of g... Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators. 展开更多
关键词 suspended graphene ultrafast light emitter van der Waals heterostructures thermal radiation electron–phonon interaction
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Ultrafast Laser-Induced Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of PEDOT:PSS Films
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作者 Xuewen Wang Yuzhe Feng +6 位作者 Kaili Sun Nianyao Chai Bo Mai Sheng Li Xiangyu Chen Wenyu Zhao Qingjie Zhang 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期425-431,共7页
Because poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is water processable,thermally stable,and highly conductive,PEDOT:PSS and its composites have been considered to be one of the most promising f... Because poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)is water processable,thermally stable,and highly conductive,PEDOT:PSS and its composites have been considered to be one of the most promising flexible thermoelectric materials.However,the PEDOT:PSS film prepared from its commercial aqueous dispersion usually has very low conductivity,thus cannot be directly utilized for TE applications.Here,a simple environmental friendly strategy via femtosecond laser irradiation without any chemical dopants and treatments was demonstrated.Under optimal conditions,the electrical conductivity of the treated film is increased to 803.1 S cm^(-1)from 1.2 S cm^(-1)around three order of magnitude higher,and the power factor is improved to 19.0μW m^(-1)K^(-2),which is enhanced more than 200 times.The mechanism for such remarkable enhancement was attributed to the transition of the PEDOT chains from a coil to a linear or expanded coil conformation,reduction of the interplanar stacking distance,and the removal of insulating PSS with increasing the oxidation level of PEDOT,facilitating the charge transportation.This work presents an effective route for fabricating high-performance flexible conductive polymer films and wearable thermoelectric devices. 展开更多
关键词 electrical conductivity PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric film ultrafast laser irradiation
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Development and Application of Ultrafast Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Techniques
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作者 Tong Cui Menghui Jia +5 位作者 Peicong Wu Ke Hu Xueli Wang Sanjun Zhang Haifeng Pan Jinquan Chen 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期449-460,I0093,共13页
Chirality hold broad applications in life sciences,quantum devices,and various other areas.Traditionally,molecular chirality can be characterized by using steady-state circular dichroism spectroscopy.However,the techn... Chirality hold broad applications in life sciences,quantum devices,and various other areas.Traditionally,molecular chirality can be characterized by using steady-state circular dichroism spectroscopy.However,the techniques that can characterize excited state chirality are progressively capturing the public interest as it can provide the dynamic information for chirality generation and transfer.In this review,we focus on the theoretical background and the developmental history of femtosecond time-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy(TRCD)techniques around the world.Additionally,we provide examples to showcase the utility of these techniques in the analysis of the dynamical molecular chemical structures,the investigation of molecular chirality generation,and the detection of electron spin dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots. 展开更多
关键词 Excited state chirality Femtosecond time-resolved circular dichroism spectroscopy ultrafast dynamics Chiral spectra
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Capturing the non-equilibrium state in light–matter–free-electron interactions through ultrafast transmission electron microscopy
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作者 汪文韬 孙帅帅 +5 位作者 李俊 郑丁国 黄思远 田焕芳 杨槐馨 李建奇 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期88-101,共14页
Ultrafast transmission electron microscope(UTEM) with the multimodality of time-resolved diffraction, imaging,and spectroscopy provides a unique platform to reveal the fundamental features associated with the interact... Ultrafast transmission electron microscope(UTEM) with the multimodality of time-resolved diffraction, imaging,and spectroscopy provides a unique platform to reveal the fundamental features associated with the interaction between free electrons and matter. In this review, we summarize the principles, instrumentation, and recent developments of the UTEM and its applications in capturing dynamic processes and non-equilibrium transient states. The combination of the transmission electron microscope with a femtosecond laser via the pump–probe method guarantees the high spatiotemporal resolution, allowing the investigation of the transient process in real, reciprocal and energy spaces. Ultrafast structural dynamics can be studied by diffraction and imaging methods, revealing the coherent acoustic phonon generation and photoinduced phase transition process. In the energy dimension, time-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy enables the examination of the intrinsic electronic dynamics of materials, while the photon-induced near-field electron microscopy extends the application of the UTEM to the imaging of optical near fields with high real-space resolution. It is noted that light–free-electron interactions have the ability to shape electron wave packets in both longitudinal and transverse directions, showing the potential application in the generation of attosecond electron pulses and vortex electron beams. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast transmission electron microscopy non-equilibrium structural dynamics photo-induced phase transition free-electron–photon interactions
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Initial measurement of ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak
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作者 蒋军 李颖颖 +5 位作者 陈冉 符佳 吕波 余羿 徐国盛 叶民友 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期40-46,共7页
Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here... Ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy(UF-CXRS)has been developed on the EAST tokamak(Yingying Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng.Des.146522)to measure fast evolutions of ion temperature and toroidal velocity.Here,we report the preliminary diagnostic measurements after relative sensitivity calibration.The measurement results show a much higher temporal resolution compared with conventional CXRS,benefiting from the usage of a prismcoupled,high-dispersion volume-phase holographic transmission grating and a high quantum efficiency,high-gain detector array.Utilizing the UF-CXRS diagnostic,the fast evolutions of the ion temperature and rotation velocity during a set of high-frequency small-amplitude edgelocalized modes(ELMs)are obtained on the EAST tokamak,which are then compared with the case of large-amplitude ELMs. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast charge exchange recombination spectroscopy EAST diagnostic measurements
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Comprehensive study of the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in Sb_(2)Te_(3)–GeTe superlattices
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作者 叶之江 金钻明 +7 位作者 蒋叶昕 卢琦 贾梦辉 钱冬 黄夏敏 李舟 彭滟 朱亦鸣 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期381-387,共7页
Chalcogenide superlattices Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe is a candidate for interfacial phase-change memory(iPCM) data storage devices.By employing terahertz emission spectroscopy and the transient reflectance spectroscopy togeth... Chalcogenide superlattices Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe is a candidate for interfacial phase-change memory(iPCM) data storage devices.By employing terahertz emission spectroscopy and the transient reflectance spectroscopy together,we investigate the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics and current transients in Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe superlattices.Sample orientation and excitation polarization dependences of the THz emission confirm that ultrafast thermo-electric,shift and injection currents contribute to the THz generation in Sb_(2)Te_(3)-GeTe superlattices.By decreasing the thickness and increasing the number of GeTe and Sb_(2)Te_(3) layer,the interlayer coupling can be enhanced,which significantly reduces the contribution from circular photo-galvanic effect(CPGE).A photo-induced bleaching in the transient reflectance spectroscopy probed in the range of~1100 nm to~1400 nm further demonstrates a gapped state resulting from the interlayer coupling.These demonstrates play an important role in the development of iPCM-based high-speed optoelectronic devices. 展开更多
关键词 Sb_(2)Te_(3)/GeTe superlattices ultrafast carrier dynamics interfacial phase change memory THz emission spectroscopy transient reflectance spectroscopy
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Ultrafast quasi-three-dimensional imaging 被引量:4
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作者 Yiling Lian Lan Jiang +2 位作者 Jingya Sun Jiadong Zhou Yao Zhou 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第4期501-512,共12页
Understanding laser induced ultrafast processes with complex three-dimensional(3D)geometries and extreme property evolution offers a unique opportunity to explore novel physical phenomena and to overcome the manufactu... Understanding laser induced ultrafast processes with complex three-dimensional(3D)geometries and extreme property evolution offers a unique opportunity to explore novel physical phenomena and to overcome the manufacturing limitations.Ultrafast imaging offers exceptional spatiotemporal resolution and thus has been considered an effective tool.However,in conventional single-view imaging techniques,3D information is projected on a two-dimensional plane,which leads to significant information loss that is detrimental to understanding the full ultrafast process.Here,we propose a quasi-3D imaging method to describe the ultrafast process and further analyze spatial asymmetries of laser induced plasma.Orthogonally polarized laser pulses are adopted to illuminate reflection-transmission views,and binarization techniques are employed to extract contours,forming the corresponding two-dimensional matrix.By rotating and multiplying the two-dimensional contour matrices obtained from the dual views,a quasi-3D image can be reconstructed.This successfully reveals dual-phase transition mechanisms and elucidates the diffraction phenomena occurring outside the plasma.Furthermore,the quasi-3D image confirms the spatial asymmetries of the picosecond plasma,which is difficult to achieve with two-dimensional images.Our findings demonstrate that quasi-3D imaging not only offers a more comprehensive understanding of plasma dynamics than previous imaging methods,but also has wide potential in revealing various complex ultrafast phenomena in related fields including strong-field physics,fluid dynamics,and cutting-edge manufacturing. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast imaging extraction and reconstruction quasi-three-dimension plasma diffraction
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Estimating energy release performance of oxidizer-activated aluminum fuel particles under ultrafast stimulus 被引量:3
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作者 Ya-ru Li Hui Ren +2 位作者 Xin-zhou Wu Hui-xin Wang Xi-long Yu 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期92-99,共8页
Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. U... Aluminum(Al) particles are good fuel additives to improve the energy output performances of explosives. Under detonation environment, reaction delay of Al particles plays a key role in the energy release efficiency. Up to date, reaction delay of Al particles is still limited by the efficiency of mass and heat transfer from oxidizers to Al particles. To address this issue, a homogeneous fuel-oxidizer assembly has recently become a promising strategy. In this work, oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles(ALG) were prepared with glycidyl azide polymer(GAP) as the oxidizer. The ALG was in uniform spherical shape and core-shell structure with shell layer of around 5 nm which was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The localized nanoscale mid-IR measurement detected the uniform distribution of characteristic absorption bond of GAP in the shell layer which confirmed the homogenous fuel-oxidizer structure of ALG. A thermal gravimetric analysis of ALG at ultrafast heating rate of 1000℃/min under argon atmosphere was conducted. The decomposition of GAP finished much earlier than that of GAP at heating rate of 10℃/min. Under ultrafast high laser fluence, the reaction response of ALG was characterized and compared with that of micro-sized Al(μAl). With the increase of laser energy, the propagation distance of the shock wave increased. However, the velocity histories were nearly the same when energies were lower than 299 mJ or higher than 706 mJ. The propagation distance of the shock wave for ALG was 0.5 mm larger than that for μAl at 2.1 μs. The underwater explosion showed the peak pressure and the shock wave energy of the ALG-based explosive were both higher than those of the μAl-based explosive at 2.5 m. This study shows the feasibility to improve the energy release of Al-based explosives via using the oxidizer-activated Al fuel particles with energetic polymer as the oxidizer. 展开更多
关键词 ALUMINUM Glycidyl azide polymer Laser DETONATION EXPLOSIVE ultrafast stimulus
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Ultrafast Synthesis of Metal-Layered Hydroxides in a Dozen Seconds for High-Performance Aqueous Zn(Micro-)Battery 被引量:3
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作者 Xiangyang Li Fangshuai Chen +9 位作者 Bo Zhao Shaohua Zhang Xiaoyu Zheng Ying Wang Xuting Jin Chunlong Dai Jiaqi Wang Jing Xie Zhipan Zhang Yang Zhao 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期16-31,共16页
Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly re... Efficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field.However,most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method,which involves tedious steps,time-consuming treatments,or additional alkaline media,and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production.Herein,we present a facile,ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method.With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature,seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides(TM-LDHs)are formed on carbon cloth.Therein,the fastest synthesis rate reaches~0.46 cm^(2)s^(-1).Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates.This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents,multiple steps,and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability,showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices.To prove its utility,as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn(micro-)battery,the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density,superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast synthesis Thermal shock Metal-layered hydroxides Zn(micro-)battery
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Branched fibrous amidoxime adsorbent with ultrafast adsorption rate and high amidoxime utilization for uranium extraction from seawater 被引量:1
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作者 Wan-Ning Ren Xin-Xin Feng +5 位作者 Yu-Long He Ming-Lei Wang Wan-Feng Hong Hong-Wei Han Jiang-Tao Hu Guo-Zhong Wu 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期79-90,共12页
Direct collection of uranium from low uranium systems via adsorption remains challenging.Fibrous sorbent materials with amidoxime(AO)groups are promising adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater.However,low AO ... Direct collection of uranium from low uranium systems via adsorption remains challenging.Fibrous sorbent materials with amidoxime(AO)groups are promising adsorbents for uranium extraction from seawater.However,low AO adsorption group utilization remains an issue.We herein fabricated a branched structure containing AO groups on polypropylene/polyethylene spun-laced nonwoven(PP/PE SNW)fibers using grafting polymerization induced by radiation(RIGP)to improve AO utilization.The chemical structures,thermal properties,and surface morphologies of the raw and treated PP/PE SNW fibers were studied.The results show that an adsorptive functional layer with a branching structure was successfully anchored to the fiber surface.The adsorption properties were investigated using batch adsorption experiments in simulated seawater with an initial uranium concentration of 500μg·L^(−1)(pH 4,25℃).The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent material was 137.3 mg·g^(−1)within 24 h;moreover,the uranyl removal reached 96%within 240 min.The adsorbent had an AO utilization rate of 1/3.5 and was stable over a pH range of 4–10,with good selectivity and reusability,demonstrating its potential for seawater uranium extraction. 展开更多
关键词 Radiation graft technology Branching structure High amidoxime utilization Seawater uranium extraction ultrafast adsorption
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An ultrafast spectroscopy system for studying dynamic properties of superconductors under high pressure and low temperature conditions
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作者 朱健 李叶西 +9 位作者 冯登满 苏德鹏 范东牛 杨松 赵辰晓 赵高扬 李亮 李芳菲 王英惠 周强 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期608-613,共6页
An ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy system combined with a cryogenic diamond anvil cell(DAC) instrument is developed to investigate the photo-excitation dynamic properties of condensed materials under low temperature... An ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy system combined with a cryogenic diamond anvil cell(DAC) instrument is developed to investigate the photo-excitation dynamic properties of condensed materials under low temperature and high pressure(LTHP) conditions.The ultrafast dynamics study is performed on Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ)(Bi-2212) thin film under LTHP conditions.The superconducting(SC) phase transition has been observed by analyzing the ultrafast dynamics of Bi-2212 as a function of pressure and temperature.Our results suggest that the pump-probe spectroscopy system combined with a cryogenic DAC instrument is an effective method to study the physical mechanism of condensed matter physics at extreme conditions,especially for the SC phase transition. 展开更多
关键词 high pressure ultrafast spectroscopy SUPERCONDUCTING phase transition
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Synthesized All-Pass Waveguide for Ultrafast Electronics
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作者 Desong Wang Ke Wu 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第11期49-54,共6页
Ultrashort pulse transmission has been recognized as a primary problem that fundamentally hinders the development of ultrafast electronics beyond the current nanosecond timescale.This requires a transmission line or w... Ultrashort pulse transmission has been recognized as a primary problem that fundamentally hinders the development of ultrafast electronics beyond the current nanosecond timescale.This requires a transmission line or waveguide that exhibits an all-pass frequency behavior for the transmitted ultrashort pulse signals.However,this type of waveguiding structure has not yet been practically developed;groundbreaking innovations and advances in signal transmission technology are urgently required to address this scenario.Herein,we present a synthesized all-pass waveguide that demonstrates record guidedwave controlling capabilities,including eigenmode reshaping,polarization rotation,loss reduction,and dispersion improvement.We experimentally developed two waveguides for use in ultrabroad frequency ranges(direct current(DC)-to-millimeter-wave and DC-to-terahertz).Our results suggest that the waveguides can efficiently transmit picosecond electrical pulses while maintaining signal integrity.This waveguide technology is an important breakthrough in the evolution of ultrafast electronics,providing a path towards frequency-engineered ultrashort pulses for low-loss and low-dispersion transmissions. 展开更多
关键词 All-pass waveguide Ultrashort pulse Picosecond transmission ultrafast electronics Terahertz technology Mode-selective transmission line
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Ultrafast two-dimensional x-ray imager with temporal fiducial pulses for laser-produced plasmas
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作者 刘正东 仲佳勇 +21 位作者 远晓辉 张雅芃 姚嘉文 马作霖 徐向晏 薛彦华 张喆 袁大伟 张敏睿 李炳均 谷昊琛 戴羽 张成龙 董玉峰 周鹏 马鑫杰 马云峰 白雪洁 刘高扬 田进寿 赵刚 张杰 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第11期214-219,共6页
It is challenging to make an ultrafast diagnosis of the temporal evolution of small and short-lived plasma in two dimensions. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed a well-timed diagnostic utilizing an x-ray s... It is challenging to make an ultrafast diagnosis of the temporal evolution of small and short-lived plasma in two dimensions. To overcome this difficulty, we have developed a well-timed diagnostic utilizing an x-ray streak camera equipped with a row of multi-pinhole arrays. By processing multiple sets of one-dimensional streaked image data acquired from various pinholes, we are capable of reconstructing high-resolution two-dimensional images with a temporal resolution of 38 ps and a spatial resolution of 18 μm. The temporal fiducial pulses accessed from external sources can advance the precise timing and accurately determine the arrival time of the laser. Moreover, it can correct the nonlinear sweeping speed of the streak camera. The effectiveness of this diagnostic has been successfully verified at the Shenguang-II laser facility,providing an indispensable tool for observing complex physical phenomena, such as the implosion process of laser-fusion experiments. 展开更多
关键词 ultrafast diagnosis double-cone ignition x-ray streak camera pinhole array temporal fiducial pulses
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Pressure manipulation of ultrafast carrier dynamics in monolayer WS_(2)
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作者 Yao Li Haiou Zhu Zongpeng Song 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第8期35-40,共6页
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have intriguing physic properties and offer an exciting platform to explore many features that are important for future devices.In this work,we synthesized monolay... Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have intriguing physic properties and offer an exciting platform to explore many features that are important for future devices.In this work,we synthesized monolayer WS_(2)as an example to study the optical response with hydrostatic pressure.The Raman results show a continuous tuning of the lattice vibrations that is induced by hydrostatic pressure.We further demonstrate an efficient pressure-induced change of the band structure and carrier dynamics via transient absorption measurements.We found that two time constants can be attributed to the capture process of two kinds of defect states,with the pressure increasing from 0.55 GPa to 2.91 GPa,both of capture processes were accelerated,and there is an inflection point within the pressure range of 1.56 GPa to 1.89 GPa.Our findings provide valuable information for the design of future optoelectronic devices. 展开更多
关键词 two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides hydrostatic pressure carrier dynamics band structure ultrafast spectroscopy
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