Unexpected gallbladder cancer:Surgical strategies and prognostic factors

Gallbladder cancer is the most common tumor of the biliary tract and it is associated with a poor prognosis.Unexpected gallbladder cancer is a cancer incidentally discovered,as a surprise,at the histological examination after cholecystectomy for gallstones or other indications.It is a potentially curable disease,with an intermediate or good prognosis in most cases.An adequate surgical strategy is mandatory to improve the prognosis and an adjunctive radical resection may be required depending on the depth of invasion.If the cancer discovered after cholecystectomy is a pTis or a pT1a,a second surgical procedure is not mandatory.In the other cases(pT1b,pT2 and pT3 cancer) a re-resection(4b + 5 liver segmentectomy,lymphadenectomy and port-sites excision in some cases) is required to obtain a radical excision of the tumor and an accurate disease staging.The operative specimens of re-resection should be examined by the pathologist to find any "residual" tumor.The "residual disease" is the most important prognostic factor,significantly reducing median disease-free survival and disease-specific survival.The other factors include depth of parietal invasion,metastatic nodal disease,surgical margin status,cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis,histological differentiation,lymphatic,vascular and perineural invasion and overall TNM-stage.

The Indicator System Based on BP Neural Network Model for Net-mediated Public Opinion on Unexpected Emergency

Because unexpected emergency owns the characteristics of explosive,uncertain evolution direction and group diffusion,more and more researchers concentrate on and try to control it. In addition,considering the force of network,the information of the unexpected emergency will be spread and enlarged rapidly on internet. It is a new viewpoint using the indicator system to estimate the heat degree of net-mediated public opinion on unexpected emergency,which can reveal the underlying reasons about the formation of the heat degree. Moreover,we use BP(Back Propagation) neural network method instead of traditional subjective weight assignment to calculate the weights of the indicators which can make evaluation results more accurate and objective.

Unexpected FDG-PET uptake in the gastrointestinal tract:Endoscopic and histopathological correlations

AIM: To investigate the nature and significance of unexpected positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) uptake within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

On Mars, Location and Orientation of Dykes Exposed along the Valles Marineris Walls Reveal Expected and Unexpected Stress Fields

Structural and geomorphological analysis of the Martian surface in the visible spectral range using the NASA/Viking images in the 90’s,complemented by experimental modelling(Mège and Masson,1996a;Mège et al.,2003)suggested that the Valles Marineris trough(chasma)system is aligned with a mafic dyke swarm,named the Syria Planum Dyke Swarm.Cross-cutting relationships and

Unexpected Selective Absorption of Lithium in Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes

Lithium plays an increasingly important role in scientific and industrial processes, and it is extremely important to extract lithium from a high Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) mass ratio brine or to recover lithium from the leachate of spent lithiumion batteries. Conventional wisdom shows that Li^(+) with low valence states has a much weaker adsorption(and absorption energy) with graphene than multivalent ions such as Mg^(2+). Here, we show the selective adsorption of Li^(+) in thermally reduced graphene oxide(rGO) membranes over other metal ions such as Mg^(2+), Co^(2+), Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+), or Fe^(2+). Interestingly, the adsorption strength of Li^(+) reaches up to 5 times the adsorption strength of Mg^(2+),and the mass ratio of a mixed Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) solution at a very high value of 500 : 1 can be effectively reduced to 0.7 : 1 within only six experimental treatment cycles, demonstrating the excellent applicability of the rGO membranes in the Mg^(2+)/Li^(+) separation. A theoretical analysis indicates that this unexpected selectivity is attributed to the competition between cation–π interaction and steric exclusion when hydrated cations enter the confined space of the rGO membranes.

Physical activity in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: much more than a simple sport

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy （SUDEP） is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP is unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmia during and between seizures, electrolyte disturbances, arrhythmogenic drugs or transmission of epileptic activity via the autonomic nervous system to the heart may play a potential role. Quite interestingly, clinical and experimental data have shown that physical activity can decrease seizure frequency, as well as lead to improved cardiovascular health in patients with epilepsy. Based on these facts, the purpose of this article is to review the body of literature of the possible contribution of physical exercise to the SUDEP prevention in a comprehensive manner.

Resolution performance analysis of cumulants-based rank reduction estimator in presence of unexpected modeling errors

Compared to the rank reduction estimator （RARE） based on second-order statistics （called SOS-RARE）, the RARE employing fourth-order cumulants （referred to as FOC-RARE） is capable of dealing with more sources and mitigating the negative influences of the Gaussian colored noise. However, in the presence of unexpected modeling errors, the resolution behavior of the FOC-RARE also deteriorate significantly as SOS-RARE, even for a known array covariance matrix. For this reason, the angle resolution capability of the FOC-RARE was theoretically analyzed. Firstly, the explicit formula for the mathematical expectation of the FOC-RARE spatial spectrum was derived through the second-order perturbation analysis method. Then, with the assumption that the unexpected modeling errors were drawn from complex circular Gaussian distribution, the theoretical formulas for the angle resolution probability of the FOC-RARE were presented. Numerical experiments validate our analytical results and demonstrate that the FOC-RARE has higher robustness to the unexpected modeling en＇ors than that of the SOS-RARE from the resolution point of view.

Multidisciplinary approach to suspected sudden unexpected infant death caused by milk-aspiration:A case report

BACKGROUND The term sudden unexpected infant death(SUID)is not always properly invoked.It refers to a broad range of conditions that sometimes defy classification.There is not only a strong emotional impact on the family,but such cases are also quite complex.Underlying causes may be multiple,not always readily apparent,and have potential repercussions,especially in terms of forensics.CASE SUMMARY A 5-month-old male baby was pronounced dead following acute lung failure and cardiopulmonary arrest.The parents had immediately rushed their child to the hospital,stating the baby was found prone and not breathing.Total-body postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)was performed,revealing a hypodense material of indeterminate nature within the main airways and areas of ground-glass parenchymal change.At autopsy,the respiratory tract mucosa appeared edematous and was coated with a whitish stringy material.There was widespread airspace reduction due to parenchymal collapse.Alveolar sacs and bronchial openings contained abundant amorphous material admixed with white blood cells.Immunohistochemical studies were performed,targeting CD15,CD68,and alpha-lactalbumin.Ultimately,the focus was on alpha-lactalbumin(milk protein),which showed marked immunopositivity within alveolar spaces.Cytoplasmic staining of macrophages was also particularly prominent.CONCLUSION Postmortem investigations are thus essential to identify causes of death and surrounding circumstances.PMCT is a useful tool in this setting,given the frequent dearth of autopsy findings and ambiguity as to cause of death in SUID cases.These findings,later confirmed by immunohistochemical investigations,were indicative of active pneumonia due to aspirated milk.The present account illustrates the importance a broad diagnostic approach to SUID in cases of forensic concern.PMCT is a very valuable aid in cases of forensic interest,as it can provide useful information in all those situations in which the cause of death is uncertain or there are no suggestive dynamics or lesions.

Study on the Total Synthesis of Hainanolide (Ⅱ)──An Unexpected Hydroperoxide Containing Tricyclic Skeleton

An unexpected compound, hydroperoxide (4) formed from (3), the exo-cycloaddition product, which was synthesized through the Lewis acid catlyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction. Its structure was confirmed by spectra and X-Ray diffraction analysis, An 1O2oxidation mechanism was proposed.

Selection and Optimization of Path Responding to Unexpected Environmental Incidents in China

By analyzing disposal status of unexpected environmental incidents by government,public and enterprise,and combining the characteristics of unexpected environmental incidents,specific measures of responding to unexpected environmental incidents are proposed from the aspects of perfecting guarantee system of emergency nomocracy,enhancing information disclosure,encouraging public participation,enhancing the construction of emergency response capability,and enhancing post-event management,to improve the ability of defending environmental risk.

The Challenge of Improving IVF Results in Normogonadotrophic (Unexpected) Young Poor Ovarian Responders: The Predictive Value of a Flexible Treatment Protocol Based on the “Biophysical Profile of the Uterus”

Objective: To study whether the unexpected poor ovarian responders optimization of uterine receptivity with a flexible controlled ovarian hyper stimulation protocol based on the Biophysical Profile of the Uterus, has an impact on their reproductive performance. Design: Observational Prospective study. Setting(s): i) General hospital-IVF and Infertility Centre;ii) University hospital. Patient(s): 44 normogonadotrophic young women (26 - 38 yrs) with previous “unexpected” poor ovarian response underwent IVF/ICSI treatment on a protocol based on the Biophysical Profile of their uterus (Group A). The same patients were used as controls in a preceded IVF cycle on the conventional stimulation protocol. Intervention(s): None. Main outcome measure(s): Pregnancy, miscarriage and home take baby rates, amount and duration of gonadotropins required, number and quality of embryos resulted, Biophysical Profile of the Uterus score. Result(s). Treatment in Group A in comparison to Group B resulted in significantly larger number of eggs retrieved per patient, and improved fertilization rates and higher number of embryos/ET (p = 0.011, 0.010 and 0.034 respectively). Group A also demonstrated a trend for higher rates of clinical pregnancy (29.5% v.s. 15.9%), viable stage pregnancies ≥ 24 weeks (33.3% v.s. 20%) and home take babies (26.6% v.s. 16%). The amount of gonadotropins used per patient (IU) was similar in the two groups (p = 0.264). Cancellation, implantation and miscarriage rates as well as embryos quality, although superior in the treatment Group A, showed no significant difference. The number of pregnancies achieved in Group A, were directly related with the score in the Biophysical Profile of the Uterus 12 point scale. Conclusion(s): Unexpected Poor Ovarian Responders on the flexible IVF/ICSI protocol (Group A), adjusting the management according to the Biophysical Profile of their uterus (duration of stimulation, day of HCG and day of embryo transfer), had a significantly better performance in comparison to the Group B managed on the conventional protocol in this difficult to manage and so far, rather understudied population.

To Decide or Not to Decide. Recognition, Intersubjectivity, and the （Un）expected Role of Unexpectedness

Recognition is the key to intersubjectivity, as it implies a relation only possible between rational subjects. To recognize means therefore to make a decision, maybe one of the most important decisions, so that a philosophical reflection on intersubjectivity cannot be separated from a reflection on the social and political nature of decision. This leads, to how a simple theory of decision is to be found even in a deeply intersubjective context like the one of role and tabletop games. Aim of this research is to reflect on the role of unexpectedness and unexpected--and thus free---decisions in fields like those described by recognitions, States, and games, bringing into dialogue some thoughts of Hegel, Schelling, and C. Schmitt.

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.第一课时 Section A(1a-2d)教学设计

一、目标导航（一）重点单词及短语unexpected,backpack,oversleep,give…a lift,by the time（that）（二）重点句型（1）By the time I got up,my brother had already gotten in the shower.（2）When I got home,I realized I had left my keys in the backpack.（3）When I woke up it was already 8：00 a.m.!（4）Before I got to the bus stop,the bus had already left.

Unexpected Intraoperative Resecting of Common Trunk of Pulmonary Vein Resulted in an Incidental Pneumonectomy from Left Upper Lobectomy

There is a wide range of anatomical variations in the pulmonary vessels. Some of these variations may cause surgical morbidity during general thoracic surgery. We intended to perform a left upper lobectomy for a 73-year-old male with suspected left lung cancer (lt.U, S3, 20 × 20 mm, P0, E0, D0, PM0, N0, T1aN0M0, c-stage IA). Preoperatively, we did not recognize the existence of the common trunk of the left pulmonary vein. After the open thoracotomy, due to a severe intrathoracic adhesion, we omitted releasing the adhesion of the lower lobe. We did not exactly confirm the location of the inferior pulmonary vein (IPV). After cutting the interlobular pulmonary arterial branchies, we resected the superior pulmonary vein (SPV) using auto sutures. After division of the lung parenchyma and incomplete fissures using auto sutures, we intended to resect the upper bronchus. However, we could not find an IPV at the normal IPV site. A thin IPV was found to be returned to the peripheral site of the resected SPV. The SPV and IPV formed a common trunk at the normal site of the SPV. Although we considered reconstructing the resected common trunk, we finally made a decision of performing an incidental pneumonectomy in order to prevent any postoperative complications on the reconstruction of the IPV such as thrombus occlusion at the anastomosis site and venous return congestion. Retrospectively, we confirmed the preoperative images of the computed tomographic scanning, which showed a narrow IPV that returned to the peripheral site of the SPV. It is important to confirm both accurate locations of the SPV and IPV when performing a lobectomy.

An Unexpected Trip

Once upon a time,there was a boy with short hair and a round belly[肚子].Now he hates adventures[冒险]and feels a strange kind of fear to the unknown future.That’s me and I call myself Hobbit Boy.A hobbit is a creature[生物]from England writer J.R.R.Tolkien’s stories.They have short bodies with unusually big feet that have long curly hair.They live in comfortable Hobbit Holes,never do anything challenging or exciting—but

The Unexpected Life

＂IF you love him, send him to New York, for it＇s heaven. If you hate him, send him to New York, for it＇s hell.＂ These are lines from A Beijing Native in New York, a popular Chinese TV series from the early 1990s. Until that point, going abroad had only been an option for China＇s elite. Once this changed and the trend gradu- ally swept across the country, regular Chinese people began harboring an ＂American dream＂ in their hearts.

Expect the Unexpected

IN the spacious, bright and slightly noisy sewing section of Tanzania Tooku Garments, Shraban Kitwana works fast at his desk, quickly unhooking two pieces of a pair of trousers from the dispatching machine and partly stitching them together on his sewing machine in just 10 seconds.

Aza-BODIPY dye with unexpected bromination and high singlet oxygen quantum yield for photoacoustic imaging-guided synergetic photodynamic/photothermal therapy

Introducing heavy halogen atoms into organic small molecules is a practical strategy for efficient singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))generation.Generally,bromine or iodine atoms are introduced on the aza-borondipyrromethene(aza-BODIPY)core,rather than on the periphery aryl rings for efficient~1O_(2) generation.Herein,an aza-BODIPY dye NBDPBr with unexpected bromination on the periphery aryl rings was synthesized for photoacoustic(PA)imaging-guided synergistic photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT)in tumor cells.Owing to unexcepted bromination at the periphery aryl rings,NBDPBr demonstrated an outstanding singlet oxygen quantum yield(Φ_(Δ))of 66% which was superior to similar brominated photosensitizers previously reported.After encapsulation with amphiphilic polymer F-127,hydrophilic NBDPBr nanoparticles(NPs)were fabricated and exhibited an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency(η)of 43.0% under 660 nm photoirradiation.In vivo PA imaging results demonstrated that NBDPBr NPs could specifically accumulate at tumor sites and realized the maximum tumor retention at 7 h post-injection.All the in vitro and in vivo results indicated the significant potence of NBDPBr with unexpected bis-bromination for PA imaging-guided synergetic PDT/PTT.