以复杂地形的天津蓟州为例,通过对比距离蓟州最近的大兴探空站资料与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)第五代大气再分析(ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5)资料的差异,对基于ERA5资料生成的...以复杂地形的天津蓟州为例,通过对比距离蓟州最近的大兴探空站资料与欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF)第五代大气再分析(ECMWF Reanalysis v5,ERA5)资料的差异,对基于ERA5资料生成的强对流指数在蓟州的适用性进行检验和评估。结果表明:(1)ERA5资料与大兴探空站探测的位势高度、气温和风速在对流层高度吻合,说明ERA5资料能够描述蓟州高空气象条件,且对低空的表现能力比高空准确,各要素中大气湿度的表现相对较差;(2)基于ERA5生成的对流指数中,与强对流天气密切相关的对流有效位能(convective available potential energy, CAPE)、K指数、沙瓦特指数(Showalter index, SI)和大气可降水量(precipitable water, PW)与大兴探空站对应参数的相关系数分别达到0.66、0.90、0.93和0.99,表明利用ERA5构建的对流指数能够揭示大气不稳定层结条件;(3)ERA5对流指数变化与蓟州降水过程相对应,ERA5能够反映天气的变化和发展,为强对流潜势分析提供参考。展开更多
极端波浪对沿海地区基础设施有着深远的影响,了解它们的变化规律是进行海岸带风险分析和灾害预防的基础。文章基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting,ECMWF)第五代再分析数据集(ECMWFreanalys...极端波浪对沿海地区基础设施有着深远的影响,了解它们的变化规律是进行海岸带风险分析和灾害预防的基础。文章基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting,ECMWF)第五代再分析数据集(ECMWFreanalysisv5,ERA5),对中国邻近海域1979~2018年间极端波高展开时空特征分析,并统计了40a厄尔尼诺系数,利用广义极值分布(generalized extreme value,GEV)函数探究了近40 a厄尔尼诺现象对我国海域极端波高的影响,结果显示:统计1979~2018年整个研究区域前2%极端波浪年均值在6~10 m间浮动,且整体趋势递增,在四季趋势变化中,春夏极端波高增长趋势较秋冬高,且波动明显,在年际极端波高变化趋势中有较大波动时大多伴随着厄尔尼诺或是拉尼娜现象的发生,结合厄尔尼诺现象对GEV分布中位置参数的影响分布图和极端波高年、季节际趋势变化分布图,厄尔尼诺现象影响大的地区极端波高大多呈现增长趋势,表明厄尔尼诺现象对极端波高有较高影响。展开更多
基于山东省2021年3月—2022年2月1519个气象观测站2 m气温观测数据,对中国气象局高分辨率陆面数据同化系统(High Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,HRCLDAS)和欧洲中期天气预报中心第五...基于山东省2021年3月—2022年2月1519个气象观测站2 m气温观测数据,对中国气象局高分辨率陆面数据同化系统(High Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,HRCLDAS)和欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代陆面再分析数据集(ERA5-Land)逐小时2 m气温分析的日统计数据(平均气温、最高气温、最低气温)进行对比评估。结果显示:(1)HRCLDAS/ERA5-Land日统计平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的均方根误差分别为0.1/1.2℃、0.6/1.9℃、0.4/1.7℃,表明HRCLDAS具有更高的精度,且在不同地理区域、不同海拔高度的表现均优于ERA5-Land,大部地区的偏差(-0.5~0.5℃)远低于ERA5-Land(-2.0~2.0℃)。(2)两套数据对高温及寒潮过程的监测能力对比评估表明,HRCLDAS能够捕捉到大部分的高温以及寒潮过程,其与观测的高温日数及寒潮日数空间分布较为相似,但对影响范围存在一定的低估;ERA5-Land则只能监测到部分高温及寒潮过程,并对高温日数与寒潮日数存在严重的低估。展开更多
Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 ...Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 to 2022.The results indicated that the reconstructed annual mean wind speed and the standard deviation of the annual mean wind speed,utilizing various climate variability indices,exhibited similar spatial modes to the reanalysis data,with spatial correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.94,respectively.In the reconstruction of six major wind power installed capacity provinces/autonomous regions in China,the effects were notably good for Hebei and Shanxi provinces,with the correlation coefficients for the interannual regional average wind speed time series being 0.65 and 0.64,respectively.The reconstruction effects of surface wind speed differed across seasons,with spring and summer reconstructions showing the highest correlation with reanalysis data.The correlation coefficients for all seasons across most regions in China ranged between 0.4 and 0.8.Among the reconstructed seasonal wind speeds for the six provinces/autonomous regions,Shanxi Province in spring exhibited the highest correlation with the reanalysis,with a coefficient of 0.61.The large-scale climate variability indices showed good reconstruction effects on the annual mean wind speed in China,and could explain the interannual variability trends of surface wind speed in most regions of China,particularly in the main wind energy provinces/autonomous regions.展开更多
文摘极端波浪对沿海地区基础设施有着深远的影响,了解它们的变化规律是进行海岸带风险分析和灾害预防的基础。文章基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting,ECMWF)第五代再分析数据集(ECMWFreanalysisv5,ERA5),对中国邻近海域1979~2018年间极端波高展开时空特征分析,并统计了40a厄尔尼诺系数,利用广义极值分布(generalized extreme value,GEV)函数探究了近40 a厄尔尼诺现象对我国海域极端波高的影响,结果显示:统计1979~2018年整个研究区域前2%极端波浪年均值在6~10 m间浮动,且整体趋势递增,在四季趋势变化中,春夏极端波高增长趋势较秋冬高,且波动明显,在年际极端波高变化趋势中有较大波动时大多伴随着厄尔尼诺或是拉尼娜现象的发生,结合厄尔尼诺现象对GEV分布中位置参数的影响分布图和极端波高年、季节际趋势变化分布图,厄尔尼诺现象影响大的地区极端波高大多呈现增长趋势,表明厄尔尼诺现象对极端波高有较高影响。
文摘基于山东省2021年3月—2022年2月1519个气象观测站2 m气温观测数据,对中国气象局高分辨率陆面数据同化系统(High Resolution China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System,HRCLDAS)和欧洲中期天气预报中心第五代陆面再分析数据集(ERA5-Land)逐小时2 m气温分析的日统计数据(平均气温、最高气温、最低气温)进行对比评估。结果显示:(1)HRCLDAS/ERA5-Land日统计平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的均方根误差分别为0.1/1.2℃、0.6/1.9℃、0.4/1.7℃,表明HRCLDAS具有更高的精度,且在不同地理区域、不同海拔高度的表现均优于ERA5-Land,大部地区的偏差(-0.5~0.5℃)远低于ERA5-Land(-2.0~2.0℃)。(2)两套数据对高温及寒潮过程的监测能力对比评估表明,HRCLDAS能够捕捉到大部分的高温以及寒潮过程,其与观测的高温日数及寒潮日数空间分布较为相似,但对影响范围存在一定的低估;ERA5-Land则只能监测到部分高温及寒潮过程,并对高温日数与寒潮日数存在严重的低估。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176243)。
文摘Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis V5(ERA5)reanalysis data,this study investigated the reconstruction effects of various climate variabilities on surface wind speed in China from 1979 to 2022.The results indicated that the reconstructed annual mean wind speed and the standard deviation of the annual mean wind speed,utilizing various climate variability indices,exhibited similar spatial modes to the reanalysis data,with spatial correlation coefficients of 0.99 and 0.94,respectively.In the reconstruction of six major wind power installed capacity provinces/autonomous regions in China,the effects were notably good for Hebei and Shanxi provinces,with the correlation coefficients for the interannual regional average wind speed time series being 0.65 and 0.64,respectively.The reconstruction effects of surface wind speed differed across seasons,with spring and summer reconstructions showing the highest correlation with reanalysis data.The correlation coefficients for all seasons across most regions in China ranged between 0.4 and 0.8.Among the reconstructed seasonal wind speeds for the six provinces/autonomous regions,Shanxi Province in spring exhibited the highest correlation with the reanalysis,with a coefficient of 0.61.The large-scale climate variability indices showed good reconstruction effects on the annual mean wind speed in China,and could explain the interannual variability trends of surface wind speed in most regions of China,particularly in the main wind energy provinces/autonomous regions.