A critical safe distance(CSD)model in V2V(vehicle-to-vehicle)communication systems was proposed to primarily enhance driving safety by disseminating warning notifications to vehicles when they approach calculated CSD....A critical safe distance(CSD)model in V2V(vehicle-to-vehicle)communication systems was proposed to primarily enhance driving safety by disseminating warning notifications to vehicles when they approach calculated CSD.By elaborately analyzing the vehicular movement features especially when braking,our CSD definition was introduced and its configuration method was given through dividing radio range into different communication zones.Based on our definition,the needed message propagation delay was also derived which could be used to control the beacon frequency or duration.Next,the detailed CSD expressions were proposed in different mobility scenarios by fully considering the relative movement status between the front and rear vehicles.Numerical results show that our proposed model could provide reasonable CSD under different movement scenarios which eliminates the unnecessary reserved inter-vehicle distance and guarantee the safety at the same time.The compared time-headway model always shows a smaller CSD due to focusing on traffic efficiency whereas the traditional braking model generally outputs a larger CSD because it assumes that the following car drives with a constant speed and did not discuss the scenario when the leading car suddenly stops.Different from these two models,our proposed model could well balances the requirements between driving safety and traffic throughput efficiency by generating a CSD in between the values of the two models in most cases.展开更多
A novel non-geometrical stochastic model(NGSM)for non-wide sense station ary uncorrelated scattering(non-WSSUS)vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channels is proposed.This model is based on a conventional NGSM and employs a more ...A novel non-geometrical stochastic model(NGSM)for non-wide sense station ary uncorrelated scattering(non-WSSUS)vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channels is proposed.This model is based on a conventional NGSM and employs a more accurate method to reproduce the realistic characteristics of V2V channels,which successfully extends the existing NGSM to include the line-of-sight(LoS)component.Moreover,the statistical properties of the proposed model in different scenarios,including Doppler power spectral density(PSD),power delay profile(PDP),and the tap correlation coefficient matrix are simulated and compared with those of the existing NGSM.Furthermore,the simulation results dem onstrate not only the utility of the proposed model,but also the correctness of our theoreti cal derivations.展开更多
In this paper the DSRC/IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) method of the vehicular communication has been simulated on highway road scenario with periodic broadcast of packets in a vehicle-to-vehicle situation. I...In this paper the DSRC/IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) method of the vehicular communication has been simulated on highway road scenario with periodic broadcast of packets in a vehicle-to-vehicle situation. IEEE 802.11p MAC method is basically based on carrier sense multiple accesses (CSMA) where nodes listen to the wireless channel before sending the packets. If the channel is busy, the vehicle node must defer its access and during high utilization periods this could lead to unbounded delays. This well-known property of CSMA is undesirable for critical communications scenarios. The simulation results reveal that a specific vehicle is forced to drop over 80% of its packets/messages because no channel access was possible before the next message/packet was generated. To overcome this problem, we propose to use self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA) for real-time data traffic between vehicles. Our initial results indicate that STDMA outperforms CSMA for time-critical traffic safety applications in ad- hoc vehicular networks.展开更多
The signal is subjected to lots of interferences in vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channel propagation,resulting in receiving error codes.Two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)geometrical channel models are used to depi...The signal is subjected to lots of interferences in vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channel propagation,resulting in receiving error codes.Two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)geometrical channel models are used to depict the wideband V2V multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)channels.Using the channel model,Turbo code and low-density parity-check(LDPC)code are investigated for wideband V2V MIMO system,and the encoding and the decoding schemes are investigated.The bit error rate(BER),channel capacity and outage probability of wideband V2V MIMO system using Turbo code and LDPC code are analyzed at different typical speeds.The results show that the performance of wideband V2V MIMO system using Turbo code outperform that using LDPC code.The performance is affected by transmitting and receiving speeds with the same coding scheme.And the channel capacity of the 3D channel is larger than that of 2D channel.展开更多
The confidentiality of pseudonymous authentication and secure data transmission is essential for the protection of information and mitigating risks posed by compromised vehicles.The Internet of Vehicles has meaningful...The confidentiality of pseudonymous authentication and secure data transmission is essential for the protection of information and mitigating risks posed by compromised vehicles.The Internet of Vehicles has meaningful applications,enabling connected and autonomous vehicles to interact with infrastructure,sensors,computing nodes,humans,and fellow vehicles.Vehicular hoc networks play an essential role in enhancing driving efficiency and safety by reducing traffic congestion while adhering to cryptographic security standards.This paper introduces a privacy-preserving Vehicle-to-Infrastructure authentication,utilizing encryption and the Moore curve.The proposed approach enables a vehicle to deduce the planned itinerary of Roadside Units(RSUs)before embarking on a journey.Crucially,the Certification Authority remains unaware of the specific route design,ensuring privacy.The method involves transforming all Roadside Units(RSUs)in a region into a vector,allowing for instant authentication of a vehicle’s route using RSU information.Real-world performance evaluations affirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumpti...Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads.This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications.First,a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties,including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays,unknown and nonlinear resistance forces,and a dynamic platoon leader.Then,a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability,attack resilience,platoon safety and scalability.Furthermore,a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed,under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability,safety and scalability requirements remain preserved.Finally,extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.展开更多
The joint resource block(RB)allocation and power optimization problem is studied to maximize the sum-rate of the vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)links in the device-to-device(D2D)-enabled V2V communication system,where one fea...The joint resource block(RB)allocation and power optimization problem is studied to maximize the sum-rate of the vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)links in the device-to-device(D2D)-enabled V2V communication system,where one feasible cellular user(FCU)can share its RB with multiple V2V pairs.The problem is first formulated as a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem with constraint of the maximum interference power in the FCU links.Using the game theory,two coalition formation algorithms are proposed to accomplish V2V link partitioning and FCU selection,where the transferable utility functions are introduced to minimize the interference among the V2V links and the FCU links for the optimal RB allocation.The successive convex approximation(SCA)is used to transform the original problem into a convex one and the Lagrangian dual method is further applied to obtain the optimal transmit power of the V2V links.Finally,numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed resource allocation algorithm in terms of the system sum-rate.展开更多
Intelligent transportation systems(ITSs)are becoming increasingly popular as they support efficient coordinated transport.ITSs aim to improve the safety,efficiency and reliability of road transportation through integr...Intelligent transportation systems(ITSs)are becoming increasingly popular as they support efficient coordinated transport.ITSs aim to improve the safety,efficiency and reliability of road transportation through integrated approaches to the exchange of relevant information.Mobile adhoc networks(MANETs)and vehicle ad-hoc networks(VANETs)are integral components of ITS.The VANET is composed of interconnected vehicles with sensitivity capabilities to exchange traffic,positioning,weather and emergency information.One of the main challenges in VANET is the reliable and timely dissemination of information between vehicular nodes to improve decision-making processes.This paper illustrates challenges in VANET and reviews possible solutions to improve road safety control and management using V2V and V2I communications.This paper also summarizes existing rules-based and optimized-based solutions,including reducing the effect of mixed environments,obstacles,malfunctions and short wireless ranges on transportation efficiency and reducing false messages that cause unintended vehicle actions and unreliable transportation systems.Additionally,an event simulation algorithm was designed to maximize the benefits of exchangeable messages among vehicles.Furthermore,simulated VANET environments were developed to demonstrate how the algorithm can be used for transformable messages.Experimental results show that coupling of both V2V and V2I messages yielded better results in terms of end-to-end delay and average time.Future research directions were highlighted to be taken into account in the development of ITS and intelligent routing mechanisms.展开更多
Social Internet of Vehicles(SIoV)falls under the umbrella of social Internet of Things(IoT),where vehicles are socially connected to other vehicles and roadside units that can reliably share information and services w...Social Internet of Vehicles(SIoV)falls under the umbrella of social Internet of Things(IoT),where vehicles are socially connected to other vehicles and roadside units that can reliably share information and services with other social entities by leveraging the capabilities of 5G technology,which brings new opportunities and challenges,e.g.,collaborative power trading can address the mileage anxiety of electric vehicles.However,it relies on a trusted central party for scheduling,which introduces performance bottlenecks and cannot be set up in a distributed network,in addition,the lack of transparency in state-of-the-art Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)power trading schemes can introduce further trust issues.In this paper,we propose a blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social vehicular networks that uses a distributed market mechanism to introduce trusted power trading and avoids the dependence on a centralized dispatch center.Based on the game theory,we design the pricing and trading matching mechanism for V2V power trading to obtain maximum social welfare.We use blockchain to record power trading data for trusted pricing and use smart contracts for transaction matching.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving social welfare and reducing the load on the grid.展开更多
Vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication appeals to increasing research interest as a result of its applications to provide safety information as well as infotainment services.The increasing demand of transmit rates and v...Vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication appeals to increasing research interest as a result of its applications to provide safety information as well as infotainment services.The increasing demand of transmit rates and various requirements of quality of services(QoS)in vehicular communication scenarios call for the integration of V2V communication systems and potential techniques in the future wireless communications,such as full duplex(FD)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)which enhance spectral efficiency and provide massive connectivity.However,the large amount of data transmission and user connectivity give rise to the concern of security issues and personal privacy.In order to analyze the security performance of V2V communications,we introduce a cooperative NOMA V2V system model with an FD relay.This paper focuses on the security performance of the FD-NOMA based V2V system on the physical layer perspective.We first derive several analytical results of the ergodic secrecy capacity.Then,we propose a secrecy sum rate optimization scheme utilizing the instantaneous channel state information(CSI),which is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem.Based on the differential structure of the non-convex constraints,the original problem is approximated and solved by a series of convex optimization problems.Simulation results validate the analytical results and the effectiveness of the secrecy sum rate optimization algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, we consider a novel two-dimensional(2D) geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) wideband fading channels. The proposed model employs the co...In this paper, we consider a novel two-dimensional(2D) geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) wideband fading channels. The proposed model employs the combination of a two-ring model and a multiple confocal ellipses model, where the signal is sum of the line-of-sight(Lo S) component, single-bounced(SB) rays, and double-bounced(DB) rays. Based on the reference model, we derive some expressions of channel statistical properties, including space-time correlation function(STCF), Doppler spectral power density(DPSD), envelope level crossing rate(LCR) and average fade duration(AFD). In addition, corresponding deterministic and stochastic simulation models are developed based on the reference model. Moreover, we compare the statistical properties of the reference model and the two simulation models in different scenarios and investigate the impact of different vehicular traffic densities(VTDs) on the channel statistical properties of the proposed model. Finally, the great agreement between simulation models and the reference model demonstrates not only the utility of simulation models, but also the correctness of theoretical derivations and simulations.展开更多
Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). These incidents are ch...Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units (RSUs). From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.展开更多
In this paper, a three-dimensional(3D) geometry- based stochastic scattering model(GBSSM) for wideband multi-input multi-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) relay-based cooperative fading channel based on geometrical...In this paper, a three-dimensional(3D) geometry- based stochastic scattering model(GBSSM) for wideband multi-input multi-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) relay-based cooperative fading channel based on geometrical three-cylinder is proposed. Non-line-of-sight(NLOS) propagation condition is assumed in amplify-and-forward(AF) cooperative networks from the source mobile station(S) to the destination mobile station(D) via the mobile relay station(R). We extend the proposed narrowband model to wideband and also introduce the carrier frequency and bandwidth into the model. To avoid complicated procedure in deriving the analytical expressions of the channel parameters and functions, the channel is realized first. By using the realized channel matrix, the channel properties are further investigated.展开更多
To design and evaluate vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication systems in intelligent transportation system(ITS),it is important to understand the propagation mechanisms and channel models of V2V channels.This paper aims...To design and evaluate vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication systems in intelligent transportation system(ITS),it is important to understand the propagation mechanisms and channel models of V2V channels.This paper aims to analyze the channel models at 5.2 GHz for the highway environment in obstructed line-of-sight(OLoS)and line-of-sight(LoS)scenarios,particularly the vehicle connectivity probability derivation based on the propagation model obtained from measurement.First,the path loss(PL),shadow fading(SF),narrowband K-factor,and small-scale amplitude fading are analyzed.Results showed that the received signal magnitude follows Rice and Weibull distribution in LoS and OLoS scenarios,respectively.Second,we develop simple and low-complexity tapped delay line(TDL)models with a 10 MHz bandwidth for LoS and OLoS scenarios;in addition,we investigate the wideband K-factor,the root mean square delay spread(RMS-DS),and delay-Doppler spectrum.Third,we derive the closed form connectivity probability between any two vehicles in the presence of Weibull fading channel,and analyze the effects of Weibull fading channel and traffic parameters on connectivity.It is found that Weibull fading parameter,transmit power and vehicle density have positive impact on connectivity probability,PL exponent has negative impact on connectivity probability.展开更多
Vehicle probe information delivery systems can be broadly divided into the center type and center-less type. Since conventional center-type information delivery systems generate a large load on the communications infr...Vehicle probe information delivery systems can be broadly divided into the center type and center-less type. Since conventional center-type information delivery systems generate a large load on the communications infrastructure and data center, research efforts have come to be focused on the centerless type. However, existing vehicle probe information delivery systems suffer from various problems including a limited service area, low delivery efficiency, and lack of immediacy in delivery. Our objective in this study is efficient delivery of vehicle probe information as needed. We propose a delivery scheme that uses vehicle-to-vehicle communication, infrastructure-to-vehicle communication, and mobile communication as well as Geo cast. This combined use of multiple communication methods achieves efficient information delivery by changing the communication method to fit the current situation. The results of an evaluation by simulation showed that the proposed scheme could deliver information efficiently in a variety of environments.展开更多
There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ...There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) due to the increase in vehicular traffic/congestions around us. Vehicular communication is very important as technology has evolved. The research of VANET and development of proposed systems and implementation would increase safety among road users and improve the comfort for the corresponding passengers, drivers and also other road users, and a great improvement in the traffic efficiency would be achieved. This research paper investigates the current and existing security issues associated with the VANET and exposes any slack amongst them in order to lighten possible problem domains in this field.展开更多
In recent years, we have been able to use various services using the position information of smartphones and tablets. In addition, research on intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been actively conducted. To consid...In recent years, we have been able to use various services using the position information of smartphones and tablets. In addition, research on intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been actively conducted. To consider reducing traffic accidents by exchanging position information between pedestrians and vehicles by vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, we require accurate position information for pedestrians and vehicles. The GPS (global positioning system) is the most widely used method for acquiring position information. However, in urban areas, the GPS signal is affected by the surrounding buildings, which increases the positioning error. In this study, a method to improve the positioning accuracy of pedestrians using the signal strengths from vehicles and beacons was proposed. First, a Kalman filter was applied to the signal strength. Then, the path loss index was dynamically calculated using vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Finally, the position of a pedestrian was obtained using weighted centroid localization (WCL) after filtering the nodes. The positioning accuracy was evaluated using a simulator and demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method.展开更多
Scholars and practitioners believe that the large-scale deployment of charging piles is imperative to our future electric transportation systems.Major economies ambitiously install charging pile networks,with massive ...Scholars and practitioners believe that the large-scale deployment of charging piles is imperative to our future electric transportation systems.Major economies ambitiously install charging pile networks,with massive construction spending,maintenance costs,and urban space occupation.However,recent developments in technology may significantly reduce the necessary charging capacity required by the system.This paper develops a linear programming model to characterize the effects of likely scenarios where vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)charging is available via vehicle modularization or wireless charging.Specifically,we consider scenarios in which vehicles can transmit energy to each other(coordinated by a central platform)while traveling closely on the same road.We first estimate the number of charging piles needed for completing the travel plan of 73 cars from data,assuming a battery capacity of 400 km’s range and no V2V charging.Our results show that once V2V charging technologies with an efficiency of 50%are available,more than 2/3 of the charging piles investment would be wasted.Additionally,if the efficiency of V2V charging increases to 75%,we can easily reduce the battery capacity of vehicles to 200 km,which will reduce production costs and improve energy efficiency.These results may reveal us an alternative pathway towards transportation electrification.展开更多
In order to improve the reliability and resource utilization efficiency of vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication system,in this paper,the fairness optimization and power allocation for the cognitive V2V network that ta...In order to improve the reliability and resource utilization efficiency of vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication system,in this paper,the fairness optimization and power allocation for the cognitive V2V network that takes into account the realistic three-dimensional(3D)channel are investigated.Large-scale and small-scale fading are considered in the proposed channel model.An adaptive non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)/orthogonal multiple access(OMA)scheme is proposed to reduce the complexity of successive-interference-cancellation(SIC)in decoding and improve spectrum utilization.Also,a fairness index that takes into account each user's requirements is proposed to indicate the optimal point clearly.In the imperfect SIC,the optimization problem of maximizing user fairness is formulated.Then,a subgradient descent method is proposed to solve the optimization problem with customizable precision.And the computational complexity of the proposed method is analyzed.The achievable rate,outage probability and user fairness are analyzed.The results show that the proposed adaptive NOMA/OMA(A-NOMA/OMA)outperforms both NOMA and OMA.The simulation results are compared with validated analysis to confirm the theoretical analysis.展开更多
Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) over the past few years. A vehicular ...Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) over the past few years. A vehicular network consists of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Hence, governments, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interesting field of mobile wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well as the ways forward to achieving the long awaited ITS.展开更多
基金Project(20100481323) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProjects(61201133,61172055,61072067,51278058)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+4 种基金Project(NCET-11-0691) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in UniversityProject(11105) supported by the Foundation of Guangxi Key Lab of Wireless Wideband Communication & Signal Processing,ChinaProject(B08038) supported by the "111" Project,ChinaProject(K5051301011) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject(CX12178(6)) supported by the Xian Municipal Technology Transfer Promotion funds,China
文摘A critical safe distance(CSD)model in V2V(vehicle-to-vehicle)communication systems was proposed to primarily enhance driving safety by disseminating warning notifications to vehicles when they approach calculated CSD.By elaborately analyzing the vehicular movement features especially when braking,our CSD definition was introduced and its configuration method was given through dividing radio range into different communication zones.Based on our definition,the needed message propagation delay was also derived which could be used to control the beacon frequency or duration.Next,the detailed CSD expressions were proposed in different mobility scenarios by fully considering the relative movement status between the front and rear vehicles.Numerical results show that our proposed model could provide reasonable CSD under different movement scenarios which eliminates the unnecessary reserved inter-vehicle distance and guarantee the safety at the same time.The compared time-headway model always shows a smaller CSD due to focusing on traffic efficiency whereas the traditional braking model generally outputs a larger CSD because it assumes that the following car drives with a constant speed and did not discuss the scenario when the leading car suddenly stops.Different from these two models,our proposed model could well balances the requirements between driving safety and traffic throughput efficiency by generating a CSD in between the values of the two models in most cases.
基金supported by the Ministry National Key Research and Development Project under Grant No.2017YFE0121400the open research fund of Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network&Communication under Grant No.2017003Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘A novel non-geometrical stochastic model(NGSM)for non-wide sense station ary uncorrelated scattering(non-WSSUS)vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channels is proposed.This model is based on a conventional NGSM and employs a more accurate method to reproduce the realistic characteristics of V2V channels,which successfully extends the existing NGSM to include the line-of-sight(LoS)component.Moreover,the statistical properties of the proposed model in different scenarios,including Doppler power spectral density(PSD),power delay profile(PDP),and the tap correlation coefficient matrix are simulated and compared with those of the existing NGSM.Furthermore,the simulation results dem onstrate not only the utility of the proposed model,but also the correctness of our theoreti cal derivations.
文摘In this paper the DSRC/IEEE 802.11p Medium Access Control (MAC) method of the vehicular communication has been simulated on highway road scenario with periodic broadcast of packets in a vehicle-to-vehicle situation. IEEE 802.11p MAC method is basically based on carrier sense multiple accesses (CSMA) where nodes listen to the wireless channel before sending the packets. If the channel is busy, the vehicle node must defer its access and during high utilization periods this could lead to unbounded delays. This well-known property of CSMA is undesirable for critical communications scenarios. The simulation results reveal that a specific vehicle is forced to drop over 80% of its packets/messages because no channel access was possible before the next message/packet was generated. To overcome this problem, we propose to use self-organizing time division multiple access (STDMA) for real-time data traffic between vehicles. Our initial results indicate that STDMA outperforms CSMA for time-critical traffic safety applications in ad- hoc vehicular networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001166,62172139)the Open Subject of Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology(2023KFKT002)。
文摘The signal is subjected to lots of interferences in vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)channel propagation,resulting in receiving error codes.Two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)geometrical channel models are used to depict the wideband V2V multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)channels.Using the channel model,Turbo code and low-density parity-check(LDPC)code are investigated for wideband V2V MIMO system,and the encoding and the decoding schemes are investigated.The bit error rate(BER),channel capacity and outage probability of wideband V2V MIMO system using Turbo code and LDPC code are analyzed at different typical speeds.The results show that the performance of wideband V2V MIMO system using Turbo code outperform that using LDPC code.The performance is affected by transmitting and receiving speeds with the same coding scheme.And the channel capacity of the 3D channel is larger than that of 2D channel.
文摘The confidentiality of pseudonymous authentication and secure data transmission is essential for the protection of information and mitigating risks posed by compromised vehicles.The Internet of Vehicles has meaningful applications,enabling connected and autonomous vehicles to interact with infrastructure,sensors,computing nodes,humans,and fellow vehicles.Vehicular hoc networks play an essential role in enhancing driving efficiency and safety by reducing traffic congestion while adhering to cryptographic security standards.This paper introduces a privacy-preserving Vehicle-to-Infrastructure authentication,utilizing encryption and the Moore curve.The proposed approach enables a vehicle to deduce the planned itinerary of Roadside Units(RSUs)before embarking on a journey.Crucially,the Certification Authority remains unaware of the specific route design,ensuring privacy.The method involves transforming all Roadside Units(RSUs)in a region into a vector,allowing for instant authentication of a vehicle’s route using RSU information.Real-world performance evaluations affirm the effectiveness of the proposed model.
基金supported in part by Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DE210100273)。
文摘Connected automated vehicles(CAVs)serve as a promising enabler for future intelligent transportation systems because of their capabilities in improving traffic efficiency and driving safety,and reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions.A fundamental issue in CAVs is platooning control that empowers a convoy of CAVs to be cooperatively maneuvered with desired longitudinal spacings and identical velocities on roads.This paper addresses the issue of resilient and safe platooning control of CAVs subject to intermittent denial-of-service(DoS)attacks that disrupt vehicle-to-vehicle communications.First,a heterogeneous and uncertain vehicle longitudinal dynamic model is presented to accommodate a variety of uncertainties,including diverse vehicle masses and engine inertial delays,unknown and nonlinear resistance forces,and a dynamic platoon leader.Then,a resilient and safe distributed longitudinal platooning control law is constructed with an aim to preserve simultaneous individual vehicle stability,attack resilience,platoon safety and scalability.Furthermore,a numerically efficient offline design algorithm for determining the desired platoon control law is developed,under which the platoon resilience against DoS attacks can be maximized but the anticipated stability,safety and scalability requirements remain preserved.Finally,extensive numerical experiments are provided to substantiate the efficacy of the proposed platooning method.
基金the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(61771291,61571272)the Major Science and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2020CXGC010109).
文摘The joint resource block(RB)allocation and power optimization problem is studied to maximize the sum-rate of the vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)links in the device-to-device(D2D)-enabled V2V communication system,where one feasible cellular user(FCU)can share its RB with multiple V2V pairs.The problem is first formulated as a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming(MINLP)problem with constraint of the maximum interference power in the FCU links.Using the game theory,two coalition formation algorithms are proposed to accomplish V2V link partitioning and FCU selection,where the transferable utility functions are introduced to minimize the interference among the V2V links and the FCU links for the optimal RB allocation.The successive convex approximation(SCA)is used to transform the original problem into a convex one and the Lagrangian dual method is further applied to obtain the optimal transmit power of the V2V links.Finally,numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed resource allocation algorithm in terms of the system sum-rate.
基金Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project Number No.R-2023-413.
文摘Intelligent transportation systems(ITSs)are becoming increasingly popular as they support efficient coordinated transport.ITSs aim to improve the safety,efficiency and reliability of road transportation through integrated approaches to the exchange of relevant information.Mobile adhoc networks(MANETs)and vehicle ad-hoc networks(VANETs)are integral components of ITS.The VANET is composed of interconnected vehicles with sensitivity capabilities to exchange traffic,positioning,weather and emergency information.One of the main challenges in VANET is the reliable and timely dissemination of information between vehicular nodes to improve decision-making processes.This paper illustrates challenges in VANET and reviews possible solutions to improve road safety control and management using V2V and V2I communications.This paper also summarizes existing rules-based and optimized-based solutions,including reducing the effect of mixed environments,obstacles,malfunctions and short wireless ranges on transportation efficiency and reducing false messages that cause unintended vehicle actions and unreliable transportation systems.Additionally,an event simulation algorithm was designed to maximize the benefits of exchangeable messages among vehicles.Furthermore,simulated VANET environments were developed to demonstrate how the algorithm can be used for transformable messages.Experimental results show that coupling of both V2V and V2I messages yielded better results in terms of end-to-end delay and average time.Future research directions were highlighted to be taken into account in the development of ITS and intelligent routing mechanisms.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62002113)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No. 2021JJ40122).
文摘Social Internet of Vehicles(SIoV)falls under the umbrella of social Internet of Things(IoT),where vehicles are socially connected to other vehicles and roadside units that can reliably share information and services with other social entities by leveraging the capabilities of 5G technology,which brings new opportunities and challenges,e.g.,collaborative power trading can address the mileage anxiety of electric vehicles.However,it relies on a trusted central party for scheduling,which introduces performance bottlenecks and cannot be set up in a distributed network,in addition,the lack of transparency in state-of-the-art Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)power trading schemes can introduce further trust issues.In this paper,we propose a blockchain-based trustworthy collaborative power trading scheme for 5G-enabled social vehicular networks that uses a distributed market mechanism to introduce trusted power trading and avoids the dependence on a centralized dispatch center.Based on the game theory,we design the pricing and trading matching mechanism for V2V power trading to obtain maximum social welfare.We use blockchain to record power trading data for trusted pricing and use smart contracts for transaction matching.The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving social welfare and reducing the load on the grid.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2018YFB2202202in part by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grants 21620351.
文摘Vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication appeals to increasing research interest as a result of its applications to provide safety information as well as infotainment services.The increasing demand of transmit rates and various requirements of quality of services(QoS)in vehicular communication scenarios call for the integration of V2V communication systems and potential techniques in the future wireless communications,such as full duplex(FD)and non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)which enhance spectral efficiency and provide massive connectivity.However,the large amount of data transmission and user connectivity give rise to the concern of security issues and personal privacy.In order to analyze the security performance of V2V communications,we introduce a cooperative NOMA V2V system model with an FD relay.This paper focuses on the security performance of the FD-NOMA based V2V system on the physical layer perspective.We first derive several analytical results of the ergodic secrecy capacity.Then,we propose a secrecy sum rate optimization scheme utilizing the instantaneous channel state information(CSI),which is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem.Based on the differential structure of the non-convex constraints,the original problem is approximated and solved by a series of convex optimization problems.Simulation results validate the analytical results and the effectiveness of the secrecy sum rate optimization algorithm.
基金supported in part by the project from the ZTEthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61622101 and Grant 61571020National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant 2018ZX03001031
文摘In this paper, we consider a novel two-dimensional(2D) geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) wideband fading channels. The proposed model employs the combination of a two-ring model and a multiple confocal ellipses model, where the signal is sum of the line-of-sight(Lo S) component, single-bounced(SB) rays, and double-bounced(DB) rays. Based on the reference model, we derive some expressions of channel statistical properties, including space-time correlation function(STCF), Doppler spectral power density(DPSD), envelope level crossing rate(LCR) and average fade duration(AFD). In addition, corresponding deterministic and stochastic simulation models are developed based on the reference model. Moreover, we compare the statistical properties of the reference model and the two simulation models in different scenarios and investigate the impact of different vehicular traffic densities(VTDs) on the channel statistical properties of the proposed model. Finally, the great agreement between simulation models and the reference model demonstrates not only the utility of simulation models, but also the correctness of theoretical derivations and simulations.
文摘Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units (RSUs). From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.
基金supported by the open research fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University (No. 2016D09)National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant No. 61372051
文摘In this paper, a three-dimensional(3D) geometry- based stochastic scattering model(GBSSM) for wideband multi-input multi-output(MIMO) vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) relay-based cooperative fading channel based on geometrical three-cylinder is proposed. Non-line-of-sight(NLOS) propagation condition is assumed in amplify-and-forward(AF) cooperative networks from the source mobile station(S) to the destination mobile station(D) via the mobile relay station(R). We extend the proposed narrowband model to wideband and also introduce the carrier frequency and bandwidth into the model. To avoid complicated procedure in deriving the analytical expressions of the channel parameters and functions, the channel is realized first. By using the realized channel matrix, the channel properties are further investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61871059)Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduates of Chang’an University(No.300103722006).
文摘To design and evaluate vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication systems in intelligent transportation system(ITS),it is important to understand the propagation mechanisms and channel models of V2V channels.This paper aims to analyze the channel models at 5.2 GHz for the highway environment in obstructed line-of-sight(OLoS)and line-of-sight(LoS)scenarios,particularly the vehicle connectivity probability derivation based on the propagation model obtained from measurement.First,the path loss(PL),shadow fading(SF),narrowband K-factor,and small-scale amplitude fading are analyzed.Results showed that the received signal magnitude follows Rice and Weibull distribution in LoS and OLoS scenarios,respectively.Second,we develop simple and low-complexity tapped delay line(TDL)models with a 10 MHz bandwidth for LoS and OLoS scenarios;in addition,we investigate the wideband K-factor,the root mean square delay spread(RMS-DS),and delay-Doppler spectrum.Third,we derive the closed form connectivity probability between any two vehicles in the presence of Weibull fading channel,and analyze the effects of Weibull fading channel and traffic parameters on connectivity.It is found that Weibull fading parameter,transmit power and vehicle density have positive impact on connectivity probability,PL exponent has negative impact on connectivity probability.
文摘Vehicle probe information delivery systems can be broadly divided into the center type and center-less type. Since conventional center-type information delivery systems generate a large load on the communications infrastructure and data center, research efforts have come to be focused on the centerless type. However, existing vehicle probe information delivery systems suffer from various problems including a limited service area, low delivery efficiency, and lack of immediacy in delivery. Our objective in this study is efficient delivery of vehicle probe information as needed. We propose a delivery scheme that uses vehicle-to-vehicle communication, infrastructure-to-vehicle communication, and mobile communication as well as Geo cast. This combined use of multiple communication methods achieves efficient information delivery by changing the communication method to fit the current situation. The results of an evaluation by simulation showed that the proposed scheme could deliver information efficiently in a variety of environments.
文摘There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) due to the increase in vehicular traffic/congestions around us. Vehicular communication is very important as technology has evolved. The research of VANET and development of proposed systems and implementation would increase safety among road users and improve the comfort for the corresponding passengers, drivers and also other road users, and a great improvement in the traffic efficiency would be achieved. This research paper investigates the current and existing security issues associated with the VANET and exposes any slack amongst them in order to lighten possible problem domains in this field.
文摘In recent years, we have been able to use various services using the position information of smartphones and tablets. In addition, research on intelligent transport systems (ITS) has been actively conducted. To consider reducing traffic accidents by exchanging position information between pedestrians and vehicles by vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, we require accurate position information for pedestrians and vehicles. The GPS (global positioning system) is the most widely used method for acquiring position information. However, in urban areas, the GPS signal is affected by the surrounding buildings, which increases the positioning error. In this study, a method to improve the positioning accuracy of pedestrians using the signal strengths from vehicles and beacons was proposed. First, a Kalman filter was applied to the signal strength. Then, the path loss index was dynamically calculated using vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Finally, the position of a pedestrian was obtained using weighted centroid localization (WCL) after filtering the nodes. The positioning accuracy was evaluated using a simulator and demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method.
基金support from the Ministry of Education China and NSFC through the CJJX scheme(20221710034).
文摘Scholars and practitioners believe that the large-scale deployment of charging piles is imperative to our future electric transportation systems.Major economies ambitiously install charging pile networks,with massive construction spending,maintenance costs,and urban space occupation.However,recent developments in technology may significantly reduce the necessary charging capacity required by the system.This paper develops a linear programming model to characterize the effects of likely scenarios where vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)charging is available via vehicle modularization or wireless charging.Specifically,we consider scenarios in which vehicles can transmit energy to each other(coordinated by a central platform)while traveling closely on the same road.We first estimate the number of charging piles needed for completing the travel plan of 73 cars from data,assuming a battery capacity of 400 km’s range and no V2V charging.Our results show that once V2V charging technologies with an efficiency of 50%are available,more than 2/3 of the charging piles investment would be wasted.Additionally,if the efficiency of V2V charging increases to 75%,we can easily reduce the battery capacity of vehicles to 200 km,which will reduce production costs and improve energy efficiency.These results may reveal us an alternative pathway towards transportation electrification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62001166,62172139)the Open Subject of Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology(2023KFKT002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(F2022201055).
文摘In order to improve the reliability and resource utilization efficiency of vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication system,in this paper,the fairness optimization and power allocation for the cognitive V2V network that takes into account the realistic three-dimensional(3D)channel are investigated.Large-scale and small-scale fading are considered in the proposed channel model.An adaptive non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)/orthogonal multiple access(OMA)scheme is proposed to reduce the complexity of successive-interference-cancellation(SIC)in decoding and improve spectrum utilization.Also,a fairness index that takes into account each user's requirements is proposed to indicate the optimal point clearly.In the imperfect SIC,the optimization problem of maximizing user fairness is formulated.Then,a subgradient descent method is proposed to solve the optimization problem with customizable precision.And the computational complexity of the proposed method is analyzed.The achievable rate,outage probability and user fairness are analyzed.The results show that the proposed adaptive NOMA/OMA(A-NOMA/OMA)outperforms both NOMA and OMA.The simulation results are compared with validated analysis to confirm the theoretical analysis.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Ebonyi State Government(EBSG)(No.EBSG/SSB/PS/VII/105)
文摘Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) over the past few years. A vehicular network consists of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of intelligent transportation system (ITS). Hence, governments, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interesting field of mobile wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well as the ways forward to achieving the long awaited ITS.