Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.H...Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.Her works are always shrouded in a strange and grotesque atmosphere and full of death as well as religious metaphors.The protagonists are a series of American Southern freaks struggling with the crisis of spiritual belief.The protagonists of her novel A Good Man is Hard to Find are a hypocritical believer in the world of sinners and a lost man suffering in the midst of real sin,thus O’Connor uses the highest form of violence-death to bring ultimate redemption to them.In people’s conception,violence and redemption are often opposite to each other,but O’Connor uses bloody and violent plots to explore the theme of religious salvation,integrating and unifying the two contrary concepts to form her unique and profound violent redemption writing.展开更多
The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-tempo...The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.展开更多
Background: Association between violence and mental disorders has contributed immensely to the stigma associated with mental illness in the society;because people erroneously see mentally ill individuals as dangerous,...Background: Association between violence and mental disorders has contributed immensely to the stigma associated with mental illness in the society;because people erroneously see mentally ill individuals as dangerous, they will not want to associate with them. Aims: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders among a sample of the violent offenders and to examine any relationship between psychiatric disorders and crimes. Method: This was a two-phase cross-sectional study in three police stations in Ile-Ife/Modakeke area of Nigeria. In the first phase, we screened 400 consecutive adults arrested for violent crimes using the General Health Questionnaire—30. In the second phase, all 36 persons with probable psychopathology were then interviewed with the Present State Examination to make a definitive diagnosis. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 29.9 years (SD ± 7.3). The male to female ratio was 11:1. Respondents were mostly single (54%);most had secondary education or less (82%) and about 60% were currently using psychoactive substances (drugs). About 8.5% of all the subjects had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder;paranoid schizophrenia was the commonest psychiatric disorder (41.2%). Mentally ill subjects were three times more likely to commit homicidal offence than non-mentally ill subjects. Conclusion: There exists a significant but weak relationship between mental illness and violent crimes.展开更多
An identification technique for sharp interface and penetrated isolated particles is developed for simulating two-dimensional,incompressible and immiscible two-phase flows using meshless particle methods in this paper...An identification technique for sharp interface and penetrated isolated particles is developed for simulating two-dimensional,incompressible and immiscible two-phase flows using meshless particle methods in this paper.This technique is based on the numerically computed density gradient of fluid particles and is suitable for capturing large interface deformation and even topological changes such as merging and breaking up of phases.A number of assumed particle configurations will be examined using the technique,including these with different level of randomness of particle distribution.The tests will show that the new technique can correctly identify almost all the interface and isolated particles,and also show that it is better than other existing popular methods tested.展开更多
In the last few decades, water scarcity and its implications to economic, social and political dimensions has become a hot topic, especially for research agendas that try to establish a causal relationship with violen...In the last few decades, water scarcity and its implications to economic, social and political dimensions has become a hot topic, especially for research agendas that try to establish a causal relationship with violent conflicts. However, these agendas fail to deliver their promises in not providing empirical evidences to confirm theory. In this sense, the present paper provides a fresh look to water scarcity implications, presenting a theoretical framework and new causal mechanism based on complex interdependence theory applied to the physical reality in an international basin. As such, the inferred causal mechanism, its parts and causal direction is investigated applying process-tracing technique to the Rio Grande-Colorado River. The paper finds by tracing the causal mechanism evidences to confirm new theory and enough analytical power to test in other cases to increase confidence in theory to fulfill generalization requirement.展开更多
One of the important dimensions of violence is suicide, or violence directed toward self that many people suffer from nowadays. In the meantime, adolescents and especially girls are more likely to be harmed. The purpo...One of the important dimensions of violence is suicide, or violence directed toward self that many people suffer from nowadays. In the meantime, adolescents and especially girls are more likely to be harmed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of group training with non-violent communication (NVC) method on suicidal ideations and coping with stress styles of adolescent girls. The target community in this research was availably selected from the charity centers of Tehran suburbs. In this study, 15 adolescent girls were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The criteria for entering the research were students aged 11 to 19 years and the vulnerable socio-economic income. Eight training sessions of NVC were presented for the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test intervals, while no intervention was performed for the control group. Data collection instruments were Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (BDI) and Endler & Parker’s coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS). After statistical analysis, the effectiveness of this training was investigated on dependent variables by multivariate analysis of covariance. Eventually, the results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). The finding of the study showed that NVC training can reduce suicidal ideations in adolescent girls who are socially and economically vulnerable. According to the findings, non-violent communication training has a higher effect on emotion-focused coping style compared to other stress coping styles.展开更多
The significance of this study was to find whether violent stimuli exposure could escalate the following levels of aggression in order to better cultivate aggression education among contemporary undergraduates in Chin...The significance of this study was to find whether violent stimuli exposure could escalate the following levels of aggression in order to better cultivate aggression education among contemporary undergraduates in China. This study mainly tested the effects of violent stimuli on aggression by employing modified Stroop task. A total of 188 undergraduates participated in this study. Results showed that undergraduates exposing to violent stimuli exhibited high levels of aggression, whereas undergraduates who exposed to non-violent stimuli displayed low levels of aggression. Specifically, males, but not females, manifested high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli. Moreover, viewers with high-aggressiveness (HA), but not with moderate-aggressiveness (MA) and low-aggressiveness (LA), showed high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli via internet.展开更多
In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum...In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.展开更多
Nearly two weeks after the July 5 riot in Urumqi of northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, social order and people＇s lives are returning to normal. Yet in retrospect, a mass of evidences show that the u...Nearly two weeks after the July 5 riot in Urumqi of northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, social order and people＇s lives are returning to normal. Yet in retrospect, a mass of evidences show that the unrest was a wellplanned violent criminal incident of terrorist nature.展开更多
THE news of the fatal Valentine＇s Day shooting in South Africa of celebrity Reeva Steenkamp by her boyfriend, the world athletic icon Oscar Pistorius, has shocked the country to its core. That shock was profound beca...THE news of the fatal Valentine＇s Day shooting in South Africa of celebrity Reeva Steenkamp by her boyfriend, the world athletic icon Oscar Pistorius, has shocked the country to its core. That shock was profound because Pistorius is the personifica- tion of the spirit of determination over adversity, and is someone who has transcended his physical disability to become a global sports champion and role model for all South Africans.展开更多
A large number of disinfectants and insecticides were used on a large scale after the Wenchuan 5.12 Violent Earthquake. The disinfectants and insecticides, including HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (dichlorodiphen...A large number of disinfectants and insecticides were used on a large scale after the Wenchuan 5.12 Violent Earthquake. The disinfectants and insecticides, including HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane) as representative OCPs, could lead to serious environmental problems. In order to disclose the residues of HCH and DDT in soils following the Wenchuan 5.12 Violent Earthquake, surface soils in Dujiangyan City and Beichuan County were sampled in 2009. The samples were analyzed by GC/MS after pre- treatment by ultrasonic solvent extraction. It has been found that the concentra-tions of γ-HCH, β-HCH and 4,4'-DDT in soils of Beichuan County were 94–102.4, 14.1–36.1 and 2.9–4.3 times high their concentrations in those of the Wolong Nature Reserve, and the concentrations in soils of Dujiangyan City were 52.4–61.6, 8.8 –45.3 and 5.4–6.2 times high their concentrations in soils of the Wolong Nature Reserve, respectively. According to the isomers of HCHs and metabolites of DDTs, it could be concluded that these areas may have additional inputs of lindane and 4,4'-DDT.展开更多
Accurate dynamic modeling of landslides could help understand the movement mechanisms and guide disaster mitigation and prevention.Discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA)is an effective approach for investigating land...Accurate dynamic modeling of landslides could help understand the movement mechanisms and guide disaster mitigation and prevention.Discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA)is an effective approach for investigating landslides.However,DDA fails to accurately capture the degradation in shear strength of rock joints commonly observed in high-speed landslides.In this study,DDA is modified by incorporating simplified joint shear strength degradation.Based on the modified DDA,the kinematics of the Baige landslide that occurred along the Jinsha River in China on 10 October 2018 are reproduced.The violent starting velocity of the landslide is considered explicitly.Three cases with different violent starting velocities are investigated to show their effect on the landslide movement process.Subsequently,the landslide movement process and the final accumulation characteristics are analyzed from multiple perspectives.The results show that the violent starting velocity affects the landslide motion characteristics,which is found to be about 4 m/s in the Baige landslide.The movement process of the Baige landslide involves four stages:initiation,high-speed sliding,impact-climbing,low-speed motion and accumulation.The accumulation states of sliding masses in different zones are different,which essentially corresponds to reality.The research results suggest that the modified DDA is applicable to similar high-level rock landslides.展开更多
While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in di...While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.展开更多
文摘Flannery O’Connor is one of the representative figures of American Southern writers.Being recognized as the most outstanding writer of the American South after Faulkner,she has great influence in the literary world.Her works are always shrouded in a strange and grotesque atmosphere and full of death as well as religious metaphors.The protagonists are a series of American Southern freaks struggling with the crisis of spiritual belief.The protagonists of her novel A Good Man is Hard to Find are a hypocritical believer in the world of sinners and a lost man suffering in the midst of real sin,thus O’Connor uses the highest form of violence-death to bring ultimate redemption to them.In people’s conception,violence and redemption are often opposite to each other,but O’Connor uses bloody and violent plots to explore the theme of religious salvation,integrating and unifying the two contrary concepts to form her unique and profound violent redemption writing.
文摘The increasing rate of insecurity in Nigeria, especially the southwest requires a paradigm shift from popular approach to crime hotspots detection. This study employed geospatial technologies to integrate spatio-temporal crime, social media and field observation data from the communities in all the six states in the southwest to develop crime hotspots that can serve as preliminary information to assist in allocating resources for crime control and prevention. Historical crime data from January 1972 to April, 2021 were compiled and updated with rigorous field survey in September, 2021. The field data were encoded, input to the SPSS 17 and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. A total 936 crime locations data were geolocated and exported to ArcGIS 10.5 for spatial mapping using point map operation and further imported to e-Spatial web-based and QGIS for the generation of hotspot map using heatmap tool. The results revealed that armed robbery, assassination and cultism were more pronounced in Lagos and Ogun States. Similarly, high incidences of farmers/herdsmen conflicts are observed in Oyo and Osun States. Increasing incidences of kidnapping are common in all the south-western states but very prominent in Ondo, Lagos and Oyo States. Most of the violent crime incidents took place along the highways, with forests being their hideouts. Violent crimes are dominantly caused by high rate of unemployment while farmer/herdsmen conflicts were majorly triggered by the scarcity of grazing fields and destruction of arable crops. The conflicts have resulted in the increasing cases of rape and disruption of social group, intake of hard drugs, cult-related activities, low income and revenue generation, and displacement of farmers and infrastructural damages. The study advocates regular retraining and equipping of security agents, establishment of cattle ranch, and installation of sophisticated IP Camera at the crime hotspots to assist in real-time crime monitoring and management.
文摘Background: Association between violence and mental disorders has contributed immensely to the stigma associated with mental illness in the society;because people erroneously see mentally ill individuals as dangerous, they will not want to associate with them. Aims: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders among a sample of the violent offenders and to examine any relationship between psychiatric disorders and crimes. Method: This was a two-phase cross-sectional study in three police stations in Ile-Ife/Modakeke area of Nigeria. In the first phase, we screened 400 consecutive adults arrested for violent crimes using the General Health Questionnaire—30. In the second phase, all 36 persons with probable psychopathology were then interviewed with the Present State Examination to make a definitive diagnosis. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 29.9 years (SD ± 7.3). The male to female ratio was 11:1. Respondents were mostly single (54%);most had secondary education or less (82%) and about 60% were currently using psychoactive substances (drugs). About 8.5% of all the subjects had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder;paranoid schizophrenia was the commonest psychiatric disorder (41.2%). Mentally ill subjects were three times more likely to commit homicidal offence than non-mentally ill subjects. Conclusion: There exists a significant but weak relationship between mental illness and violent crimes.
文摘An identification technique for sharp interface and penetrated isolated particles is developed for simulating two-dimensional,incompressible and immiscible two-phase flows using meshless particle methods in this paper.This technique is based on the numerically computed density gradient of fluid particles and is suitable for capturing large interface deformation and even topological changes such as merging and breaking up of phases.A number of assumed particle configurations will be examined using the technique,including these with different level of randomness of particle distribution.The tests will show that the new technique can correctly identify almost all the interface and isolated particles,and also show that it is better than other existing popular methods tested.
文摘In the last few decades, water scarcity and its implications to economic, social and political dimensions has become a hot topic, especially for research agendas that try to establish a causal relationship with violent conflicts. However, these agendas fail to deliver their promises in not providing empirical evidences to confirm theory. In this sense, the present paper provides a fresh look to water scarcity implications, presenting a theoretical framework and new causal mechanism based on complex interdependence theory applied to the physical reality in an international basin. As such, the inferred causal mechanism, its parts and causal direction is investigated applying process-tracing technique to the Rio Grande-Colorado River. The paper finds by tracing the causal mechanism evidences to confirm new theory and enough analytical power to test in other cases to increase confidence in theory to fulfill generalization requirement.
文摘One of the important dimensions of violence is suicide, or violence directed toward self that many people suffer from nowadays. In the meantime, adolescents and especially girls are more likely to be harmed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of group training with non-violent communication (NVC) method on suicidal ideations and coping with stress styles of adolescent girls. The target community in this research was availably selected from the charity centers of Tehran suburbs. In this study, 15 adolescent girls were in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The criteria for entering the research were students aged 11 to 19 years and the vulnerable socio-economic income. Eight training sessions of NVC were presented for the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test intervals, while no intervention was performed for the control group. Data collection instruments were Beck’s scale for suicidal ideation (BDI) and Endler & Parker’s coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS). After statistical analysis, the effectiveness of this training was investigated on dependent variables by multivariate analysis of covariance. Eventually, the results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). The finding of the study showed that NVC training can reduce suicidal ideations in adolescent girls who are socially and economically vulnerable. According to the findings, non-violent communication training has a higher effect on emotion-focused coping style compared to other stress coping styles.
文摘The significance of this study was to find whether violent stimuli exposure could escalate the following levels of aggression in order to better cultivate aggression education among contemporary undergraduates in China. This study mainly tested the effects of violent stimuli on aggression by employing modified Stroop task. A total of 188 undergraduates participated in this study. Results showed that undergraduates exposing to violent stimuli exhibited high levels of aggression, whereas undergraduates who exposed to non-violent stimuli displayed low levels of aggression. Specifically, males, but not females, manifested high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli. Moreover, viewers with high-aggressiveness (HA), but not with moderate-aggressiveness (MA) and low-aggressiveness (LA), showed high levels of aggression after exposure to violent stimuli via internet.
文摘In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.
文摘Nearly two weeks after the July 5 riot in Urumqi of northwest China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, social order and people＇s lives are returning to normal. Yet in retrospect, a mass of evidences show that the unrest was a wellplanned violent criminal incident of terrorist nature.
文摘THE news of the fatal Valentine＇s Day shooting in South Africa of celebrity Reeva Steenkamp by her boyfriend, the world athletic icon Oscar Pistorius, has shocked the country to its core. That shock was profound because Pistorius is the personifica- tion of the spirit of determination over adversity, and is someone who has transcended his physical disability to become a global sports champion and role model for all South Africans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40841026)
文摘A large number of disinfectants and insecticides were used on a large scale after the Wenchuan 5.12 Violent Earthquake. The disinfectants and insecticides, including HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane) as representative OCPs, could lead to serious environmental problems. In order to disclose the residues of HCH and DDT in soils following the Wenchuan 5.12 Violent Earthquake, surface soils in Dujiangyan City and Beichuan County were sampled in 2009. The samples were analyzed by GC/MS after pre- treatment by ultrasonic solvent extraction. It has been found that the concentra-tions of γ-HCH, β-HCH and 4,4'-DDT in soils of Beichuan County were 94–102.4, 14.1–36.1 and 2.9–4.3 times high their concentrations in those of the Wolong Nature Reserve, and the concentrations in soils of Dujiangyan City were 52.4–61.6, 8.8 –45.3 and 5.4–6.2 times high their concentrations in soils of the Wolong Nature Reserve, respectively. According to the isomers of HCHs and metabolites of DDTs, it could be concluded that these areas may have additional inputs of lindane and 4,4'-DDT.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(grant numbers U22A20601 and 52209142)the Opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(Chengdu University of Technology)(grant number SKLGP2022K018)+1 种基金the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(grant number 2023NSFSC0284)the Science and Technology Major Project of Tibetan Autonomous Region of China(grant number XZ202201ZD0003G)。
文摘Accurate dynamic modeling of landslides could help understand the movement mechanisms and guide disaster mitigation and prevention.Discontinuous deformation analysis(DDA)is an effective approach for investigating landslides.However,DDA fails to accurately capture the degradation in shear strength of rock joints commonly observed in high-speed landslides.In this study,DDA is modified by incorporating simplified joint shear strength degradation.Based on the modified DDA,the kinematics of the Baige landslide that occurred along the Jinsha River in China on 10 October 2018 are reproduced.The violent starting velocity of the landslide is considered explicitly.Three cases with different violent starting velocities are investigated to show their effect on the landslide movement process.Subsequently,the landslide movement process and the final accumulation characteristics are analyzed from multiple perspectives.The results show that the violent starting velocity affects the landslide motion characteristics,which is found to be about 4 m/s in the Baige landslide.The movement process of the Baige landslide involves four stages:initiation,high-speed sliding,impact-climbing,low-speed motion and accumulation.The accumulation states of sliding masses in different zones are different,which essentially corresponds to reality.The research results suggest that the modified DDA is applicable to similar high-level rock landslides.
文摘While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.
