本研究在WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research TestBed)临近空间资料同化预报系统中加入SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb So...本研究在WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research TestBed)临近空间资料同化预报系统中加入SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)臭氧观测同化接口,并以2016年2月一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)过程为模拟个例进行了SABER和MLS臭氧观测同化试验,得出以下结论:同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度观测得出的WACCM+DART臭氧分析场能够较真实反映SSW期间北极上空平流层臭氧廓线随时间的演变特征,且与ERA5(Fifth Generation of ECMWF Reanalyses)再分析资料描述的臭氧变化特征具有很好的一致性;基于SABER和MLS臭氧观测的WACCM臭氧6 h预报检验表明同化臭氧观测对臭氧分析和预报误差的改善效果主要体现在南半球高纬平流层和北半球中高纬平流层中上层—中间层底部;基于ERA5再分析资料的WACCM+DART分析场检验表明同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料可在提高北半球高纬地区上平流层—中间层底部臭氧场分析质量的同时减小该地区上平流层—中间层底部温度场和中间层底部纬向风场的分析误差;基于MLS臭氧资料的臭氧中期预报检验表明相对控制试验同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料能更好改善0~5 d下平流层和中间层底部臭氧的预报效果。展开更多
基于WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research Test-Bed)临近空间资料同化预报系统,以2016年2月的一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)事件为例,开展了临近空间SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using ...基于WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research Test-Bed)临近空间资料同化预报系统,以2016年2月的一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)事件为例,开展了临近空间SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)温度观测资料集合滤波同化试验.结果表明:同化SABER和MLS温度观测资料可显著降低WACCM模式在中间层和平流层中上部(0.001~10 hPa)大气温度场的预报误差,改善CR试验在SSW发生时中间层变冷现象偏强、纬向风场首次发生反转的层次偏低以及增温恢复阶段0.1~10 hPa的东风层提前消退、纬向风速偏大、平流层顶位置偏高等现象.基于ERA5(The Fifth Generation of ECMWF Reanalyses)再分析资料的检验表明:同化SABER和MLS温度资料明显有利于减小北半球高纬度地区(60°-90°N)平流层中上层和下中间层(0.1~14 hPa)纬向风场以及平流层和中间层中下层(0.01~100 hPa)温度场的分析误差;同化低层大气观测也有利于减小0.1~14hPa纬向风场和0.01~100 hPa温度场的分析误差,但是不如同化SABER和MLS温度资料对临近空间纬向风场和温度场分析误差的改善效果显著.展开更多
This study uses ECMWF fifth-generation reanalysis, ERA5, which extends to the mesopause, to construct the Initial Conditions(IC) for WACCM(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) simulations. Because the biases betw...This study uses ECMWF fifth-generation reanalysis, ERA5, which extends to the mesopause, to construct the Initial Conditions(IC) for WACCM(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) simulations. Because the biases between ERA5 and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER) temperature data are within ±5 K below the lower mesosphere,ERA5 reanalysis is used to construct IC in the lower atmosphere. Four experiments are performed to simulate a Stratospheric Sudden Warming(SSW) event from 5 to 15 February 2016. The simulation using the WACCM default climatic IC cannot represent the sharp meteorological variation during SSW. In contrast, the 0～4 d forecast results driven by ERA5-constructed IC is consistent with ERA5 reanalysis below the middle mesosphere. Comparing with WACCM climatology ICs scheme, the ICs constructing method based on ERA5 reanalysis can obtain 67%, 40%, 22%, 4% and 6% reduction of temperature forecast RMSE at 10 hPa, 1 hPa, 0.1 hPa, 0.01 hPa and 0.001 hPa respectively. However,such improvement is not shown in the lower thermosphere.展开更多
利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪(MLS)资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳(CO)体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡(QBO)在30 h Pa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO...利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪(MLS)资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳(CO)体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡(QBO)在30 h Pa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 h Pa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 h Pa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。展开更多
利用中国廊坊站(39.4°N,116.7°E)流星雷达在2012年4月1日至2013年3月31日的水平风场观测数据,分析廊坊上空80~100 km的中间层与低热层(Mesospherc and Lower Thermosphere,MLT)大气平均纬向风和经向风的季节变化特征.结果表...利用中国廊坊站(39.4°N,116.7°E)流星雷达在2012年4月1日至2013年3月31日的水平风场观测数据,分析廊坊上空80~100 km的中间层与低热层(Mesospherc and Lower Thermosphere,MLT)大气平均纬向风和经向风的季节变化特征.结果表明平均纬向风和经向风都表现出明显的季节变化特征.平均纬向风在冬季MLT盛行西风,极大值位于中间层顶,随高度增加西风减弱;在夏季中间层为东风,低热层为强西风,风向转换高度约为82 km.平均经向风在冬季以南风为主,在夏季盛行北风.纬向风和经向风在春秋两季主要表现为过渡阶段.流星雷达观测结果与WACCM4模式和HWM93模式模拟的气候变化特点基本一致,但WACCM4模式纬向风和经向风风速偏大,而HWM93模式纬向风和经向风风速偏小.展开更多
Based on the data at^40°N at different longitudes during different stratospheric sudden warming(SSW)events,the responses of zonal winds in the stratosphere,mesosphere and lower thermosphere to SSWs are studied in...Based on the data at^40°N at different longitudes during different stratospheric sudden warming(SSW)events,the responses of zonal winds in the stratosphere,mesosphere and lower thermosphere to SSWs are studied in this paper.The variations of zonal wind over Langfang,China(39.4°N,116.7°E)by MF radar and the modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications(MERRA)wind data during 2010 and 2013 SSW and over Fort Collins,USA(41°N,105°W)by lidar and MERRA wind data during 2009 SSW are compared.Results show that the zonal wind at^40°N indeed respond to the SSWs while different specifics are found in different SSW events or at different locations.The zonal wind has significant anomalies during the SSWs.Over Langfang,before the onset of 2010 and 2013 SSW,the zonal wind reverses from eastward to westward below about 60–70 km and accelerates above this region,while westward wind prevails from 30 to 100 km after the onset of2010 SSW,and westward wind prevails in 30–60 and 85–100 km and eastward wind prevails in 60–85 km after the onset of2013 SSW.Over Fort Collins during 2009 SSW,eastward wind reverses to westward in 20–30 km before the onset while westward wind prevails in 20–30 and 60–97 km and eastward wind prevails in 30–60 and in 97–100 km after the onset.Moreover,simulations by the specified dynamics version of the whole atmosphere community climate model(SD-WACCM)are taken to explain different responding specifics of zonal wind to SSW events.It is found that the modulation of planetary wave(PW)plays the main role.Different phases of PWs would lead to the different zonal wind along with longitudes and the different amplitudes and phases in different SSW events can lead to the different zonal wind responses.展开更多
文摘本研究在WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research TestBed)临近空间资料同化预报系统中加入SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)臭氧观测同化接口,并以2016年2月一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)过程为模拟个例进行了SABER和MLS臭氧观测同化试验,得出以下结论:同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度观测得出的WACCM+DART臭氧分析场能够较真实反映SSW期间北极上空平流层臭氧廓线随时间的演变特征,且与ERA5(Fifth Generation of ECMWF Reanalyses)再分析资料描述的臭氧变化特征具有很好的一致性;基于SABER和MLS臭氧观测的WACCM臭氧6 h预报检验表明同化臭氧观测对臭氧分析和预报误差的改善效果主要体现在南半球高纬平流层和北半球中高纬平流层中上层—中间层底部;基于ERA5再分析资料的WACCM+DART分析场检验表明同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料可在提高北半球高纬地区上平流层—中间层底部臭氧场分析质量的同时减小该地区上平流层—中间层底部温度场和中间层底部纬向风场的分析误差;基于MLS臭氧资料的臭氧中期预报检验表明相对控制试验同化SABER和MLS臭氧体积浓度资料能更好改善0~5 d下平流层和中间层底部臭氧的预报效果。
文摘基于WACCM+DART(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model,Data Assimilation Research Test-Bed)临近空间资料同化预报系统,以2016年2月的一次平流层爆发性增温(SSW)事件为例,开展了临近空间SABER(Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)和MLS(Microwave Limb Sounder)温度观测资料集合滤波同化试验.结果表明:同化SABER和MLS温度观测资料可显著降低WACCM模式在中间层和平流层中上部(0.001~10 hPa)大气温度场的预报误差,改善CR试验在SSW发生时中间层变冷现象偏强、纬向风场首次发生反转的层次偏低以及增温恢复阶段0.1~10 hPa的东风层提前消退、纬向风速偏大、平流层顶位置偏高等现象.基于ERA5(The Fifth Generation of ECMWF Reanalyses)再分析资料的检验表明:同化SABER和MLS温度资料明显有利于减小北半球高纬度地区(60°-90°N)平流层中上层和下中间层(0.1~14 hPa)纬向风场以及平流层和中间层中下层(0.01~100 hPa)温度场的分析误差;同化低层大气观测也有利于减小0.1~14hPa纬向风场和0.01~100 hPa温度场的分析误差,但是不如同化SABER和MLS温度资料对临近空间纬向风场和温度场分析误差的改善效果显著.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41375105)
文摘This study uses ECMWF fifth-generation reanalysis, ERA5, which extends to the mesopause, to construct the Initial Conditions(IC) for WACCM(Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model) simulations. Because the biases between ERA5 and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry(SABER) temperature data are within ±5 K below the lower mesosphere,ERA5 reanalysis is used to construct IC in the lower atmosphere. Four experiments are performed to simulate a Stratospheric Sudden Warming(SSW) event from 5 to 15 February 2016. The simulation using the WACCM default climatic IC cannot represent the sharp meteorological variation during SSW. In contrast, the 0～4 d forecast results driven by ERA5-constructed IC is consistent with ERA5 reanalysis below the middle mesosphere. Comparing with WACCM climatology ICs scheme, the ICs constructing method based on ERA5 reanalysis can obtain 67%, 40%, 22%, 4% and 6% reduction of temperature forecast RMSE at 10 hPa, 1 hPa, 0.1 hPa, 0.01 hPa and 0.001 hPa respectively. However,such improvement is not shown in the lower thermosphere.
文摘利用2005~2014年10年的卫星微波临边探测仪(MLS)资料分析了热带平流层一氧化碳(CO)体积混合比的年际变率,发现热带平流层CO浓度的准两年振荡(QBO)在30 h Pa高度附近存在明显的位相变化特征。大气化学气候模式模拟结果表明,热带平流层CO的准两年振荡信号是化学和动力过程共同作用的结果,而动力作用主要是QBO引起的次级经向环流引起的物质传输。化学和动力过程共同作用导致热带平流层CO浓度的垂直梯度在30 h Pa高度处发生反转,进而产生一氧化碳QBO信号的位相变化。此外,化学气候模式模拟结果还表明,与CO有关的化学过程不但可以减弱一氧化碳QBO信号的振幅,还可以在热带30~10 h Pa高度范围内造成一氧化碳QBO和纬向风QBO信号之间约3个月的时间差。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grants No.41991283]the Research Council of Norway Funded Project BASIC[Grant No.325440]Chinese-Norwegian Collaboration Projects Within Climate funded by the Research Council of Norway(COMBINED)[Grant No.328935].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41104099)
文摘Based on the data at^40°N at different longitudes during different stratospheric sudden warming(SSW)events,the responses of zonal winds in the stratosphere,mesosphere and lower thermosphere to SSWs are studied in this paper.The variations of zonal wind over Langfang,China(39.4°N,116.7°E)by MF radar and the modern era retrospective-analysis for research and applications(MERRA)wind data during 2010 and 2013 SSW and over Fort Collins,USA(41°N,105°W)by lidar and MERRA wind data during 2009 SSW are compared.Results show that the zonal wind at^40°N indeed respond to the SSWs while different specifics are found in different SSW events or at different locations.The zonal wind has significant anomalies during the SSWs.Over Langfang,before the onset of 2010 and 2013 SSW,the zonal wind reverses from eastward to westward below about 60–70 km and accelerates above this region,while westward wind prevails from 30 to 100 km after the onset of2010 SSW,and westward wind prevails in 30–60 and 85–100 km and eastward wind prevails in 60–85 km after the onset of2013 SSW.Over Fort Collins during 2009 SSW,eastward wind reverses to westward in 20–30 km before the onset while westward wind prevails in 20–30 and 60–97 km and eastward wind prevails in 30–60 and in 97–100 km after the onset.Moreover,simulations by the specified dynamics version of the whole atmosphere community climate model(SD-WACCM)are taken to explain different responding specifics of zonal wind to SSW events.It is found that the modulation of planetary wave(PW)plays the main role.Different phases of PWs would lead to the different zonal wind along with longitudes and the different amplitudes and phases in different SSW events can lead to the different zonal wind responses.
