Objective] The research aimed to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of 30 natural outcrop springs in Wudalianchi, which provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and util...Objective] The research aimed to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of 30 natural outcrop springs in Wudalianchi, which provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and utilization and protection of Wudalianchi natural mineral resources. [Method] Choosing the 30 natural outcrop spring representatives in different regions, samples were collected in low water period, normal water period, wet period respectively, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and other contaminants in the samples were determined. Besides, the pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Wudalianchi natural outcrop spring were analyzed. [Result] The 30 natural outcrop spring in Wudalianchi area were seriously polluted by nitrogen. Total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the main forms of nitrogen pollution. The content of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were low. [Conclusion] The natural outcrop spring is mainly caused by agricultural non-point source pollution.展开更多
The origins of gases in springs, pools and wells from the Wudalianchi (WDLC) volcanic area are discussed based upon molecular and isotope compositions of the gases. Nine gas and water samples were collected from bubbl...The origins of gases in springs, pools and wells from the Wudalianchi (WDLC) volcanic area are discussed based upon molecular and isotope compositions of the gases. Nine gas and water samples were collected from bubbles and water of the springs and pools in the WDLC volcanic area, Northeastern China, in August 1997. The molecular components were measured with a MAT-271 mass spectrometer (MS), helium isotope ratios with a VG-5400 MS, and δ13C with a MAT-251 MS in the Lanzhou Institute of Geology. The gases are enriched in CO2, and most of the CO2 concentrations are over 80% (V). The helium and methane concentrations have relatively wide ranges of 0.7 to 380×10?6 and 4 to 180×10?6, respectively. The 3He/4He ratios are between 1.05 Ra and 3.1 Ra (Ra = 1.4×10?6); the 4He/20Ne values are between 0.45 and 1011, larger than the atmospheric value (0.32). The δ13C (PDB) values of carbon dioxide range from ?9.6 to ?4.2%%. These geochemical data demonstrate that the spring water is from aquifers at different depths, and that helium and carbon dioxide are derived from the mantle, and are contaminated by crust gases during deep fluid migration. Also, there are larger fluxes of deep-earth matter and energy in the WDLC volcanic area.展开更多
A K-rich volcano zone , Wudalianchi-Erkeshan - Keluo in Heilongjiang Province of Northeastern China , is studied in this paper . Some results from the study of mantle inclusions , accumulative inclusions and megacryst...A K-rich volcano zone , Wudalianchi-Erkeshan - Keluo in Heilongjiang Province of Northeastern China , is studied in this paper . Some results from the study of mantle inclusions , accumulative inclusions and megacrysts are reported here for the first time . On the petrological , experimental , and magma-dynamical study of the host rocks and their inclusions and megacrysts , it is concluded that the K-rich magma in these areas was derived from upper mantle with rich in K2O and incompatible element by partial melting of phlogopite-bearing Iherzolite. Leucite picrite magma is primary and the magma represented by leucite basalt is derivative one of both fractional crystallization and assimilation . The mantle where the magma came from had undergone both the depletion and enrichment events , and had high geotherm similar to that of mid -oceanic ridge and rift valley . Mantle metasomatism , uplift and diapirism result in the K-rich volcanic rocks . The environment of volcanism in these areas is rift tectonics within continental plate ,and the composition and distribution of volcanic rocks in these areas are controlled by mantle-reach faults , and are not directly related to the subduction of the Pacific plate .展开更多
Large amounts of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, which take the shape of hummocks, are distributed around the peripheries of the Laoheishan volcano and Huoshaoshan volcano in Wudalianchi World Geopark. In earlier ...Large amounts of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, which take the shape of hummocks, are distributed around the peripheries of the Laoheishan volcano and Huoshaoshan volcano in Wudalianchi World Geopark. In earlier times, they were called "satellite volcanoes", namely, freestanding volcanoes. This paper points out that these deposits actually came from the collapse of the cones of these two volcanoes. When the lava flow spilled out at the base of the slope of the cones, the slope broke up and collapsed under the action of gravity. Later, ravines were formed on the slope. Caved slope clastics, accompanying lava flow, accumulated at the rims of the volcano cones. Although some accumulations may form very large cones, they are not volcanoes, but deposits of volcanic debris avalanches.展开更多
Wudalianchi（五大连池） volcanoes are famous Quaternary ones with fairly good volcanic landscape in Northeast China.The volcanic rocks are phonotephrite,tephri-phonolite,trachyandesite,and basaltic trachyandesite with...Wudalianchi（五大连池） volcanoes are famous Quaternary ones with fairly good volcanic landscape in Northeast China.The volcanic rocks are phonotephrite,tephri-phonolite,trachyandesite,and basaltic trachyandesite with SiO2 contents of 47.3 wt.%-54.2 wt.%.The characteristic of high K2O content in Wudalianchi volcanic rocks suggests that they probably share a common potassic magma source.The magma evolutions of Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are similar,while the new eruption prod-ucts of Laoheishan（老黑山） and Huoshaoshan（火烧山） volcanoes are slightly more evolved than the old eruption materials,i.e.,the magma of the new eruptions in 1719-1721 from the above two volcanoes is the evolved magma in underground chamber.The main phenocrysts of Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are olivines,clinopyroxenes,and some characteristic K-rich leucites.The various-shaped melt inclu-sions are found in olivine phenocrysts from new eruption products of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan volcanoes.By electron microprobe（EMP） analyzing,the contents of SiO2 and total alkali show a wide range,suggesting that the pre-eruptive magma was probably more complicated,or the melt inclusions were rather unhomogeneous.On the basis of EMP results,it is believed that the sulfur degassing rate from this new eruption was much higher than that of the millennium eruption of Tianchi（天池） volcano,while the chlorine degassing rate was a magnitude lower than that of Tianchi volcano.展开更多
CO2-rich cold springs occur near the active volcanoes at Wudalianchi （五大连池）, Northeast China. The springs are rich in CO2, with HCO3-as the predominant anion and have elevated contents of total dissolved solid ...CO2-rich cold springs occur near the active volcanoes at Wudalianchi （五大连池）, Northeast China. The springs are rich in CO2, with HCO3-as the predominant anion and have elevated contents of total dissolved solid （TDS） （〉1 000 mg/L）, Fe^2＋ （〉20 mg/L）, Sr （〉1 mg/L）, and dissolved Si （〉20 mg/L）. The compositions of escaped and dissolved gases of the springs are similar. The δ^13C values of escaped gases and dissolved gases in mineral springs at Wudalianchi vary from -8.77‰ to -4.53‰ and -8.24‰ to -5.26‰, while δ^18O values vary from -10.68‰ to -7.65‰ and -10.30‰ to -8.84‰, respectively, indicating the same upper mantle origin of CO2 of escaped gases and dissolved gases in the springs. Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations and water-CO2 exchange were weak in the process of groundwater flow. The 4He content exceeds 5 000×10-6 cm^3·STP/mL in escaped gases of the mineral springs, and the 3He/4He ratios of the escaped and dissolved gases vary from 2.64Ra to 3.87Ra and 1.18Ra to 3.30Ra, respectively. It can be postulated that the CO2 of mineral springs deriving from the magma chamber of the upper mantle moves upward to the surface, to increase the content of 4He in the mineral springs and decrease the ratio of 3He/4He. The helium origin of escaped gases in springs can be calculated with the MORB-crust mixing model, but that in the north spring can be better explained with the MORB-crust-air mixing model due to the effect of mixing with surface water. However, dissolved helium in springs, except the north spring, is better explained with the MORB-crust-ASW mixing model.展开更多
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Program of Heilongjiang Province~~
文摘Objective] The research aimed to study the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of 30 natural outcrop springs in Wudalianchi, which provides a theoretical basis for the sustainable development and utilization and protection of Wudalianchi natural mineral resources. [Method] Choosing the 30 natural outcrop spring representatives in different regions, samples were collected in low water period, normal water period, wet period respectively, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and other contaminants in the samples were determined. Besides, the pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in Wudalianchi natural outcrop spring were analyzed. [Result] The 30 natural outcrop spring in Wudalianchi area were seriously polluted by nitrogen. Total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were the main forms of nitrogen pollution. The content of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were low. [Conclusion] The natural outcrop spring is mainly caused by agricultural non-point source pollution.
文摘The origins of gases in springs, pools and wells from the Wudalianchi (WDLC) volcanic area are discussed based upon molecular and isotope compositions of the gases. Nine gas and water samples were collected from bubbles and water of the springs and pools in the WDLC volcanic area, Northeastern China, in August 1997. The molecular components were measured with a MAT-271 mass spectrometer (MS), helium isotope ratios with a VG-5400 MS, and δ13C with a MAT-251 MS in the Lanzhou Institute of Geology. The gases are enriched in CO2, and most of the CO2 concentrations are over 80% (V). The helium and methane concentrations have relatively wide ranges of 0.7 to 380×10?6 and 4 to 180×10?6, respectively. The 3He/4He ratios are between 1.05 Ra and 3.1 Ra (Ra = 1.4×10?6); the 4He/20Ne values are between 0.45 and 1011, larger than the atmospheric value (0.32). The δ13C (PDB) values of carbon dioxide range from ?9.6 to ?4.2%%. These geochemical data demonstrate that the spring water is from aquifers at different depths, and that helium and carbon dioxide are derived from the mantle, and are contaminated by crust gases during deep fluid migration. Also, there are larger fluxes of deep-earth matter and energy in the WDLC volcanic area.
文摘A K-rich volcano zone , Wudalianchi-Erkeshan - Keluo in Heilongjiang Province of Northeastern China , is studied in this paper . Some results from the study of mantle inclusions , accumulative inclusions and megacrysts are reported here for the first time . On the petrological , experimental , and magma-dynamical study of the host rocks and their inclusions and megacrysts , it is concluded that the K-rich magma in these areas was derived from upper mantle with rich in K2O and incompatible element by partial melting of phlogopite-bearing Iherzolite. Leucite picrite magma is primary and the magma represented by leucite basalt is derivative one of both fractional crystallization and assimilation . The mantle where the magma came from had undergone both the depletion and enrichment events , and had high geotherm similar to that of mid -oceanic ridge and rift valley . Mantle metasomatism , uplift and diapirism result in the K-rich volcanic rocks . The environment of volcanism in these areas is rift tectonics within continental plate ,and the composition and distribution of volcanic rocks in these areas are controlled by mantle-reach faults , and are not directly related to the subduction of the Pacific plate .
文摘Large amounts of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, which take the shape of hummocks, are distributed around the peripheries of the Laoheishan volcano and Huoshaoshan volcano in Wudalianchi World Geopark. In earlier times, they were called "satellite volcanoes", namely, freestanding volcanoes. This paper points out that these deposits actually came from the collapse of the cones of these two volcanoes. When the lava flow spilled out at the base of the slope of the cones, the slope broke up and collapsed under the action of gravity. Later, ravines were formed on the slope. Caved slope clastics, accompanying lava flow, accumulated at the rims of the volcano cones. Although some accumulations may form very large cones, they are not volcanoes, but deposits of volcanic debris avalanches.
基金supported by the National Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Short Term Prediction of Strong Earthquake and a Study on Hazard Relief (No. 2006BAC01B040104), of Chinathe Joint Earthquake Science Foundation of China Earthquake Administration (No. 106052)the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (No. 12-06-05)
文摘Wudalianchi（五大连池） volcanoes are famous Quaternary ones with fairly good volcanic landscape in Northeast China.The volcanic rocks are phonotephrite,tephri-phonolite,trachyandesite,and basaltic trachyandesite with SiO2 contents of 47.3 wt.%-54.2 wt.%.The characteristic of high K2O content in Wudalianchi volcanic rocks suggests that they probably share a common potassic magma source.The magma evolutions of Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are similar,while the new eruption prod-ucts of Laoheishan（老黑山） and Huoshaoshan（火烧山） volcanoes are slightly more evolved than the old eruption materials,i.e.,the magma of the new eruptions in 1719-1721 from the above two volcanoes is the evolved magma in underground chamber.The main phenocrysts of Wudalianchi volcanic rocks are olivines,clinopyroxenes,and some characteristic K-rich leucites.The various-shaped melt inclu-sions are found in olivine phenocrysts from new eruption products of Laoheishan and Huoshaoshan volcanoes.By electron microprobe（EMP） analyzing,the contents of SiO2 and total alkali show a wide range,suggesting that the pre-eruptive magma was probably more complicated,or the melt inclusions were rather unhomogeneous.On the basis of EMP results,it is believed that the sulfur degassing rate from this new eruption was much higher than that of the millennium eruption of Tianchi（天池） volcano,while the chlorine degassing rate was a magnitude lower than that of Tianchi volcano.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40425001,40602031,40830748),and Russian Fund for Basic Research
文摘CO2-rich cold springs occur near the active volcanoes at Wudalianchi （五大连池）, Northeast China. The springs are rich in CO2, with HCO3-as the predominant anion and have elevated contents of total dissolved solid （TDS） （〉1 000 mg/L）, Fe^2＋ （〉20 mg/L）, Sr （〉1 mg/L）, and dissolved Si （〉20 mg/L）. The compositions of escaped and dissolved gases of the springs are similar. The δ^13C values of escaped gases and dissolved gases in mineral springs at Wudalianchi vary from -8.77‰ to -4.53‰ and -8.24‰ to -5.26‰, while δ^18O values vary from -10.68‰ to -7.65‰ and -10.30‰ to -8.84‰, respectively, indicating the same upper mantle origin of CO2 of escaped gases and dissolved gases in the springs. Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionations and water-CO2 exchange were weak in the process of groundwater flow. The 4He content exceeds 5 000×10-6 cm^3·STP/mL in escaped gases of the mineral springs, and the 3He/4He ratios of the escaped and dissolved gases vary from 2.64Ra to 3.87Ra and 1.18Ra to 3.30Ra, respectively. It can be postulated that the CO2 of mineral springs deriving from the magma chamber of the upper mantle moves upward to the surface, to increase the content of 4He in the mineral springs and decrease the ratio of 3He/4He. The helium origin of escaped gases in springs can be calculated with the MORB-crust mixing model, but that in the north spring can be better explained with the MORB-crust-air mixing model due to the effect of mixing with surface water. However, dissolved helium in springs, except the north spring, is better explained with the MORB-crust-ASW mixing model.
