Ecological Wastewater Treatment System in a School Environment Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Typha

The overarching goal of this study is to offer an effective and sustainable solution to the challenges of sanitation in rural and school settings in the northern region of Senegal. The study explores a wastewater treatment approach based on phytoremediation, with a particular focus on the use of horizontally-flowing reed bed filters. Furthermore, it aims to adapt and optimize these systems for the specific needs of Senegal, focusing on wastewater in school environments. Thus, we constructed a horizontally-flowing reed bed filter, planted with Typha, at the Ndiébène Gandiol school in Senegal. We will investigate the efficiency of wastewater treatment by this horizontally-flowing reed bed filter, emphasizing the role of the plant used: Typha. The filter is described in detail, specifying its dimensions, its composition of flint gravel, and the choice of plants, namely Typha. The experimental protocol is detailed, describing the sampling at the entrance and exit of the filter to evaluate water quality. The parameters analyzed include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand over 5 days (BOD5), suspended solids, ammonium, nitrates, phosphates, pH, conductivity, and fecal coliforms. The results indicate a significant improvement in water quality after treatment. COD, BOD5, suspended solids, and fecal coliforms are greatly reduced, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the Typha filter. However, nitrate concentrations remain relatively stable, suggesting room for improvement in their elimination. A perspective of reuse of the treated water is considered, showing that the effluents from the planted filter meet Senegalese and international standards for irrigation. The findings suggest that these waters could be used for a variety of crops, thereby reducing the pressure on freshwater resources. In conclusion, the Typha-based filtration system shows promising results for improving water quality in this region of Senegal. However, adjustments are necessary for more effective nitrate removal. This study paves the way for sustainable use of treated wastewater for irrigation, thus contributing to food security and the preservation of water resources.

Ecological Wastewater Treatment System Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Vetiver

Confronted with the challenge of wastewater management, particularly in the school environment of Senegal, our study set out to achieve multiple objectives. Following field surveys, laboratory analyses of wastewater samples were carried out, revealing a significant pollutant load. In the community of Gandiol, near Saint-Louis (Senegal), the school of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 faces significant sanitation challenges. Our study aimed to address this issue by using a constructed filter composed of two filtering bed cells measuring 12 × 8.5 m, preceded by a septic tank. We particularly focused on the influence of Vetiver;a plant chosen for its purification potential. Our analyses showed remarkable efficiency of the filter. Elimination rates reached 95% for 5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 91% for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and 92% for SS, far exceeding the Senegalese standards set at 50 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 40 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of fecal coliforms was reduced to 176 FCU/100mL, well below the Senegalese threshold of 2000 FCU/100mL and close to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommendation of 1000 FCU/100mL. However, despite these promising results, some parameters, particularly the concentration of certain pollutants, approached the thresholds defined by European legislation. For example, for Suspended Solids (SS), the post-treatment level of 3 mg/L was well below the Senegalese standard but edged close to the European minimum of 10 mg/L. In conclusion, the Vetiver filter demonstrated a remarkable ability to treat school wastewater, offering high pollutant elimination percentages. These results suggest significant opportunities for the reuse of treated water, potentially in areas such as irrigation, though some adjustments may be necessary to meet the strictest standards such as those of the European union (EU).

Design and Application of the Automatic Monitoring System for Wastewater Source in Shandong Province

In order to realize real-time online monitoring of the wastewater source enterprises,manage and issue monitoring information,this paper comprehensively uses automatic control,embedded data acquisition and transmission,distributed computing and data processing,geographic information system,etc.to develop automatic monitoring system of the wastewater source in Shandong Province.This system incorporates automatic monitoring information acquisition,transmission and daily work as an organic whole.The system realizes not only the continuous online monitoring of wastewater source enterprise,but also the deep excavation and utilization on monitoring information.It provides scientific and objective basis for energy saving,consumption reduction,carbon emission reduction,total amount control and other environmental management works,and meets the requirements of environmental management and related departments to wastewater source management.

Wastewater treatment plants and release:The vase of Odin for emerging bacterial contaminants,resistance and determinant of environmental wellness

Municipal wastewater consists of a downstream collection of flushed sewage(without solid waste),other household runoffs,industrial runoffs,hospital runoffs and agricultural runoffs through an underground pipe before treatment.A runoff collection system called the wastewater treatment plant(WWTPs)treats such wastewater before release into environment following specific regulatory standards.This years-long practice has been improved upon by adding end-to-end pipe technologies with a view to enhancing the quality of effluent released.However,effluents released into the environment from design/application of WWTPs appear to contain emerging contaminants of both biotic and abiotic nature.The observation of chemical contaminants,antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB),antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs)and diverse pathogenic bacteria genera in wastewater works release further affirm the abundance of such emerging contaminants.As a result,the government and water regulatory organizations in various part of the world are considering the removal of water reuse act from recycling policy/process.Current global debate is focused on questions about sustenance of any improved additional treatment level;effect of energy consumption by added treatment stage and its impact on the environmental wellness as contaminants borne wastewater is consistently released.Technological advancement/research suggests implementation of newer innovative infrastructural systems(NIIS)such as Mobbing Bed Biofilm Rector(MBBR),for wastewater effluent management which involve addition of newer wastewater treatment stages.This review addressed current pitfalls including wastewater microbiota of high epidemiological/public health relevance and affirms the need for such improvement which requires modification of ongoing institutional framework with a view to encourage implementation of NIIS for an improved effluent release.Exploiting the advances of microbial biofilming and the potentials of microbial biofueling as discussed in various section promises a future of robust environmental system,stable operational standard,release of quality effluent and sustainable management of wastewater works.Application of the aforementioned would enhance qualityWWTPs release and in-defacto reduces spread of ARB/ARGs as well as impacts both the environment wellness and public health.