Pang Fuwan Uses Yao Medicine to Observe the Therapeutic Effects on the Physical and Mental Symptoms of Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: Investigate the efficacy and safety of Yao Medicine in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and explore the best therapeutic measure for clinical benefit. Methods: From July 2020 to July 2022, 84 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma were selected and randomly divided into the Observation Group and control group, and the control group was treated with routine Western medicine, with 42 cases in each group. The activity of daily living (ADL) was assessed before and after treatment, meanwhile, the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety SAS (SAS) were used to assess the improvement of a bad mood, and quality of life SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life, to judge the efficacy and safety. Results: The effective rate of observation group was 91.67%. The effective rate of the control group was 76.19%. The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05), and after treatment, the scores of SDS, SAS and quality of life in the two groups were compared with those in the control group (P > 0.05), the scores of VAS, SDS and SAS decreased significantly, while ESCV, angle of straight leg elevation, ADL, physiological score, emotional score, social score and health status score increased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Conclusion: Yao Medicine can improve the psychosomatic symptoms of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma better, with better efficacy and higher safety.

From Hai Yao, Yang Yao to Xi Yao: Sinification of Material Medical from the West

In ancient China, Daoist philosophers developed the concepts of qi(energy), Wu Xing(five elements), and yin(feminine, dark, negative) and yang(masculine, bright, positive) opposite forces between 200 and 600 BCE. Based on these philosophies, Zhen Jiu(acupuncture), Ben Cao(materia medica), and the practice of Qi Gong(energy optimization movements) evolved as the three interrelated therapeutic regimens of Chinese medicine(Note 1). Since the time of Zhang Qian, who discovered China's western regions in the 1st century BCE, Hai Yao(the exotic elements of materia medica from the maritime Silk Road countries), had been transmitted from the ancient land and maritime routes of the Silk Road to China in the past two millennia(Note 2). Since the late 17th century, the English East India Company, later called the British East India Company, introduced Yang Yao(opium) to the Manchu Qing Empire to balance a growing trade deficit for tea export from China to the British Empire. After the First Opium War ended in 1842, enterprising expatriate chemists and druggists in the treaty ports imported Xi Yao(modern medicines from the Western world) for sale to the merchant navy and the local market. From the second half of the 19th century onwards, both Hai Yao and Xi Yao have become a fully integrated part of modern China's armamentarium for the Chinese medicine and Western hospitals and retail pharmacy sectors. This paper articulates the journey of adoption of exotic elements of materia medica from the ancient land and sea routes of the Silk Road, including the western regions and the rest of the world in the past two millennia. Opium traders, ship surgeons, medical and pharmaceutical missionaries, enterprising traders, and policymakers together transformed Ben Cao into Xi Yao during the late Manchu Qing dynasty and the early Nationalist Era.

Petrogenesis of the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene Yao'an Shoshonitic Complex,Southeastern Tibet:Partial Melting of an Ancient Continental Lithospheric Mantle beneath the Yangtze Block

Cenozoic potassic-ultrapotassic igneous rocks are widespread in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau.Their petrogenesis and magmatic processes remain subject to debate in spite of numerous publications.Almost all of the Cenozoic extrusive and intrusive rocks in the Yao’an area,western Yunnan Province,SW China,are geochemically shoshonitic,collectively termed here the Yao’an Shoshonitic Complex(YSC).The YSC is located in the(south)easternmost part of the ENE-WSW-trending,~550 km-long and~250 km-wide Cenozoic magmatic zone;the latter separates the orthogonal and oblique collision belts of the India-Eurasia collision orogen.Previously published geochronological and thermochronological data revealed that the rocks of the YSC were emplaced over a short timespan of 34-32 Ma.This and our new data suggest that the primary magma of the YSC likely was formed by partial melting of ancient continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Yangtze Block.This part of the continental lithospheric mantle had likely not been modified by any oceanic subduction.Fractionation crystallization of an Mg-and Ca-bearing mineral and TiFe oxides during the magmatic evolution probably account for the variable lithologies of the YSC.

威Yao属一新种及阔Yao属在我国的发现：（昆虫纲：弹尾目）

描述了采自上海地区的威Ｙａｏ属一新种Ｗｉｌｌｅｍｉａｓｈａｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ，产报道中国新纪录种厚角阔Ｙａｏ ＯｎｃｏｐｏｄｕｒａｃｒａｓｓｉｃｏｒｎｉｓＳｈｏｅｂｏｔｈａｍ１９１１，新种模式标本存放于中国科学院上海昆虫研究所标本馆。

Book Review of A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao—A Guide to Traditional Yao Costumes and Ornaments

A Rainbow in the Mountains:Dress of the Yao,an album of pictures and texts on Yao clothing,the most comprehensive and systematic record of the dazzling costumes of the Yao ethnic minority which has been inscribed on the national intangible cultural heritage list of China since 2006,is of great academic value and practical significance to study the profound connotation of the Yao traditional culture.The various styles,colorful dress customs,and exquisite craftsmanship constitute the beautiful cultural landscape within the Yao ethnic minority,as well as the way to explore all the social aspects of the Yao ethnic minority.This book review aims to arouse the attention of all sectors of the community to the clothing of the Yao ethnic minority,which has met the greatest challenge of the collection and protection of the Yao costumes and ornaments.Thus it is expected to sort out and retain those precious records that have been drifting away via pictures and texts,which we have already started and will continue to do in accord with the national cultural development strategy.

Dolev-Yao攻击者模型的形式化描述

模型检测技术能够实现安全协议的自动化分析,是一种高效的形式化分析方法。然而,对于攻击者的建模却一直缺乏通用的方法,这导致了模型检测方法的自动化程度降低。本文为安全协议分析中,应用最为广泛的Dolev-Yao攻击者模型建立了一套形式化描述方法。遵循这一方法,可以使用任何建模语言机械地建立Dolev-Yao攻击者模型,从而大大地减少了人工分析的成份。同时,本文还使用该方法验证了两个目的完全不同的协议,证明了它的通用性。

具有充分下降性的修正类Wei-Yao-Liu共轭梯度法

基于最近的一些共轭梯度法的设计思想,本文提出了一类修正的Wei-Yao-Liu共轭梯度法.该方法的优点是每步迭代都可以产生充分下降方向,并且这个性质不依赖于线性搜索.在一类Armijo线性搜索下,该方法具有全局收敛性.最后的数值试验表明了新方法的有效性.

Yao:ZSMJ值得尊敬

当LGD以3：0击败HGT夺得第二届i联赛冠军之后,LGD队长Yao终于松了一口气。虽然在第三局比赛中HGT奋力反扑,但LGD依然通过老道的经验浇灭了对手反扑的势头。赛后,Yao接受了本刊记者的专访。

The coda attenuation of the Yao'an area in Yunnan Province

2000年1月15日云南姚安发生了6．5级地震．震后围绕震中区架设了一个由6套拾震器-记录仪组成的临时数字地震台网．在所记录的余震中，有402次余震有较精确的定位．依照Sato的单散射模型分析观测的尾波短记录，获得了姚安地区地壳的尾波平均品质因子Qc(f)=49f^0.95，f=1．5～20．0Hz，具有高构造活动性区域的衰减特征．

Tong xie yao fang relieves irritable bowel syndrome in rats via mechanisms involving regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P

AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.

Effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on endogenous metabolites in urine of irritable bowel syndrome model rats

BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.

Geochemistry and Zircon U–Pb age of the Yao＇an pseudoleucite porphyry,Yunnan Province,China

The Yao'an Pb–Ag deposit, located in the Chuxiong Basin, western Yangtze Block, is an important component of the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan alkaline porphyry–related polymetallic intrusive belt. This complex suite of rock bodies includes a vein of pseudoleucite porphyry within deposits of syenite porphyry and trachyte.The pseudoleucite is characterized by a variable greyish,greyish-white, and greyish-green porphyritic texture. Phenocrysts are mainly pseudoleucite with small amounts of alkali feldspar and biotite. In an intense event, leucite phenocrysts altered to orthoclase, kaolinite, and quartz.Both the pseudoleucite porphyry and the syenite porphyry samples were typical alkali-rich, K-rich, al-rich rocks with high LaN/YbNratios; enriched in light rare earth elements and large-ion lithophile elements, and depleted in high field strength elements; and with strongly negative Ta, Nb, and Ti(TNT) anomalies and slightly negative Eu anomalies—all characteristics of subduction-zone mantle-derived rock.We obtained a LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of 34.1 ± 0.3 Ma(MSWD = 2.4), which is younger than the established age of the Indian and Eurasian Plate collision.The magma derived from a Type-II enriched mantle formed in a post-collisional plate tectonic setting. The geochemical characteristics of the Yao'an pseudoleucite porphyry are powerful evidence that the porphyry'sdevelopment was closely linked to the Jinshajiang–Ailaoshan fault and to the Indian-Eurasian collision.

Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang relieves solitary rectal ulcer syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.

Mucosa repair mechanisms of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang mediated by CRH-R2 in murine,dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

AIM To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-receptor(R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang(TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and regulation.METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3%(w/v) DSS for 7 d. Once the model was established,mice were administered urocortin-2(30 μg/kg), a peptide which binds exclusively to CRH-R2, or various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts(2.8-11.2 g/kg), a CRH-R2 antagonist Astressin(Ast)2B(20 μg/kg), Ast2B + Ucn2, or Ast2B with various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts for 9 d. Colonic mucosal permeability was then evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity in serum. The colitis disease activity index(DAI), histology, body weight loss and colon length were assessed to evaluate the condition of colitis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. The expression level of Ki-67 represented the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of inflammation cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL-1 were examined in colon tissues using real-time PCR and ELISA kits.RESULTS Compared with the DSS group, mice treated with the CRH-R2 antagonist Ast2B showed greater loss of body weight, shorter colon lengths(4.90 ± 0.32 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.05), and higher DAI(3.61 ± 0.53 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and histological scores(11.50 ± 1.05 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Additionally, the Ast2B group showed increased intestinal permeability(2.76 ± 0.11 μg/mL vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), improved secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue, and reduced colonic epithelial cell proliferation(4.97 ± 4.25 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.05). Increased apoptosis(1422.39 ± 90.71 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.001) was also demonstrated. The Ucn2 group demonstrated lower DAI(0.87 ± 0.55 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) and histological scores(4.33 ± 1.50 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Diminished weight loss, longer colon length(9.58 ± 0.62 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.001), reduced intestinal permeability(0.75 ± 0.07 vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation(90.04 ± 15.50 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.01) were all observed. Reduced apoptosis(149.55 ± 21.68 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.05) was also observed. However, significant statistical differences in the results of the Ast2 B group and Ast2 B + Ucn2 group were observed. TXYF was also found to ameliorate symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and to promote mucosal repair like Ucn2. There were significant differences between the Ast2B + TXYF groups and the TXYF groups.CONCLUSION CRH-R2 activates the intestinal mucosal antiinflammatory response by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in colitisinduced mice, and plays an important antiinflammatory role. TXYF promotes mucosal repair in colitis mice by regulating CRH-R2.

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 geneE670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Background The association of E670G polymorphism in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene and serum lipid profiles is inconsistent in dif- ferent ethnic groups.Bai Ku Yao is a special subgroup of the Yao minority in China.The present study was undertaken association of PCSK9 E670G polymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 649 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 646 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing. Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and apolipoprotein(Apo) AI were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.01 for all).The frequency of A and G alleles was 98.00%and 2.00%in Bai Ku Yao,and 95.20%and 4.80%in Han(P【0.01);respectively. The frequency of AA,AG and GG genotypes was 95.99%,4.01%and 0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 91.02%, 8.36%and 0.62%in Han(P【0.01);respectively.There were also significant differences in the genotypic and allelic frequencies between n and the ratio of ApoAI to ApoB in Han Chinese but not in Bai Ku Yao were different between the AA and AG/GG genotypes(P【0.05 for all).The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio than the G allele noncarriers.When serum lipid parameters in Han were analyzed according to sex,the G allele carriers had higher serum HDL and ApoAI levels in males (P【0.05),and lower ApoB level and higher ApoAI to ApoB ratio in females(P【0.05 for all).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum HDL-C levels were correlated with genotypes in both ethnic groups(P【0.05 each).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex,age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking,and blood pressure in both ethnic groups(P【0.05-0.001).Conclusions These results suggest that the PCSK9 E670G polymorphism is mainly associated with some serum lipid parameters in the Han population,both gender show different relations to different serum lipid parameters.The G allele carriers might have higher serum lipid profiles than the G allele noncarriers. ormal LDL-C(≤3.20 mmol/L) and high LDL-C subgroups (】 3.20 mmol/L,P【0.01;respectively) in Bai Ku Yao, and between normal ApoB(≤1.14 g/L) and high ApoB subgroups(】 1.14 g/L,P 【 0.01;respectively) in Han.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations

Objectives The association of methylenetetrahy-drofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene polymorphism and serum lipid profiles is still controversial in diverse ethnics.Bai Ku Yao is an isolated subgroup of the Yao minority in China. The aim of the present study was to eveluate the association of MTHFR C677Tpolymorphism and several environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations.Methods A total of 780 subjects of Bai Ku Yao and 686 participants of Han Chinese were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples.Genotyping of the MTHFR C677T was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with gel electrophoresis,and then confirmed by direct sequencing.Results The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), apolipoprotein(Apo) AI and ApoB were lower in Bai Ku Yao than in Han(P【0.05-0.001).The frequency of C and T alleles was 77.4%and 22.6%in Bai Ku Yao,and 60.9%and 39.1%in Han(P【0.001);respectively.The frequency of CC,CT and TT genotypes was 58.7%,37.3%and 4.0%in Bai Ku Yao,and 32.6%,56.4%and 11.0%in Han(P【 0.001);respectively.The levels of TC and LDL-C in both ethnic groups were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05-0.01).The T allele carriers had higher serum TC and LDL-C levels than the T allele noncarriers. The levels of ApoB in Han were significant differences among the three genotypes(P【0.05).The T allele carriers had higher serum ApoB levels as compared with the T allele noncarriers. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C in Bai Ku Yao were correlated with genotypes(P【0.05-0.001),whereas the levels of LDL-C in Han were associated with genotypes(P【 0.001).Serum lipid parameters were also correlated with sex, age,body massindex,alcohol consumption,cigarette smoking, and blood pressure in the both ethnic groups.Conclusions The differences in serum TC,TG,LDL-C and ApoB levels between the two ethnic groups might partly result from different genotypic and allelic frequencies of the MTHFR C677Tor differentMTHFR gene-enviromental interactions.

SPATIAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN KARST ROCKY DESERTIFICATION AND LITHOLOGY IN DU'AN YAO AUTONOMOUS COUNTY IN GUANGXI

Du’an Yao Autonomous County is a typical area for the distribution of karst rocky desertification in Guangxi. The indices for the grades of rocky desertification are selected according to the scientific meaning of karst rocky desertification and after the interpretative symbol system of rocky desertification. RS images are established by the landscape characteristics of Du’an karst and its TM image. Relying on RS & GIS means and taking land use map as base map, this paper conducts synthetic analysis on the 1999a TM image (126-043) and the correlation data involving landform, soil, geological map and GPS—database and photo on the spot, and brings forth a map showing the Du’an rocky desertification grades and a digital lithology map. As can be viewed from spatial correlation, the inherent connection is also illuminated between the various levels of rocky desertification and the carbonate lithology.

BIOGRAPHY OF PROFESSOR ZHEN YAO

Professor Zhen YAO, Ph.D., a distinguished cell biologist and a Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Editor-in-Chief of Cell Research, passed away at 9：55 am on November 4^th, 2005 in Shanghai at the age of 90. He is survived by his wife, Jing DING, his son Li Xing YAO, and granddaughter, Qin Yi YAO.