High‑Performance and Long‑Term Stability of MXene/PEDOT:PSS‑Decorated Cotton Yarn for Wearable Electronics Applications

High-performance wearable electronics are highly desirable for the development of body warming and human health monitoring devices.In the present study,high electrically conductive and photothermal cotton yarns(CYs)with long-term stability were prepared as wearable electronics.The process contains back-to-back decoration of the fiber surface by Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)nanosheets,and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)composite,to form a core–shell structure(MP@CY).The addition of a small amount of PEDOT:PSS plays a dual role of protecting the MXene from oxidation and increasing the electrical conductivity.The resulting yarn exhibits excellent electrical conductivity(21.8Ωcm^(−1)),rapid electrothermal response,and superb photothermal conversion capability,supporting its application as an optical/electrical dual-drive heater.A three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like textile wearable heater based on MP@CY as weft yarn demonstrates outstanding electrical thermal properties(0–2.5 V,30–196.8°C)and exceptional photothermal conversion(130 mW cm^(−2),64.2°C).Using an Internet of Things(IoT)microcontroller and Espressif(ESP)electronics chip,which are combined with wireless fidelity(Wi-Fi)and smartphone,real-time visualization and precise control of the temperature interface can be achieved.Furthermore,MP@CY-based knitted sensors,obtained by hand-knitting,are utilized for monitoring human movement and health,exhibiting high sensitivity and long-term cycling stability.

Nickel‑Rich Cathode Yarn for Wearable Lithium‑Ion Batteries

Wearable fiber-based lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)made with textile-like functional electrode materials are key to realizing smart energy options for powering wearable electronics.However,the process of attenuating the existing functional materials commonly used in planar and solid-state batteries to functional fiber or yarn electrodes tends to deteriorate the material performance when assembled into textile-based electrodes.In this work,we focus on understanding and enabling layered Ni-rich cathode material into a wearable cathode yarn.Layered Ni-rich cathode materials typically contain a higher proportion of Ni compared to other metals like Co and Mn,with a Li[Ni_(1−x)M_(x)]O_(2)(M=transition metal element,such as Mn,Al,Co,and so on)typical structure.They are increasingly gaining popularity in the research and development of LiBs as they offer several advantages,including higher energy density,improved cycle life,and reduced cost compared to many commercial cathode materials.Our fabricated flexible Ni-rich cathode yarn with an overall diameter of~360μm and a coating thickness of~80μm exhibited textile properties with promising mechanical strength and the ability to conform to any shape.When tested in a half-cell arrangement with Li metal as the counter electrode,the Ni-rich cathode yarn electrode showed stable cyclic performance with a discharge areal capacity of~3 mAh/cm^(2) and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5%at a 0.2 mA/cm^(2) current density.Overall,the results show that Ni-rich cathode materials,despite their layered structure,are integrateable into usable wearable textile LiBs.

High‑Energy-Density Fiber Supercapacitors Based on Transition Metal Oxide Nanoribbon Yarns for Comprehensive Wearable Electronics

Fiber supercapacitors(FSs)based on transition metal oxides(TMOs)have garnered considerable attention as energy stor-age solutions for wearable electronics owing to their exceptional characteristics,including superior comfortability and low weights.These materials are known to exhibit high energy densities,high specific capacitances,and fast redox reactions.However,current fabrication methods for these structures primarily rely on chemical deposition,often resulting in undesir-able material structures and necessitating the use of additives,which can degrade the electrochemical performance of such structures.Herein,physically deposited TMO nanoribbon yarns generated via delamination engineering of nanopatterned TMO/metal/TMO trilayer arrays are proposed as potential high-performance FSs.To prepare these arrays,the target materials were initially deposited using a nanoline mold,and subsequently,the nanoribbon was suspended through selective plasma etching to obtain the desired twisted yarn structures.Because of the direct formation of TMOs on Ni electrodes,a high energy/power density and excellent electrochemical stability were achieved in asymmetric FS devices incorporating CoNixOy nanoribbon yarns and graphene fibers.Furthermore,a triboelectric nanogenerator,pressure sensor,and flexible light-emitting diode were synergistically combined with the FS.The integration of wearable electronic components,encompassing energy harvesting,energy storage,and powering sensing/display devices,is promising for the development of future smart textiles.

Interfacial Modulation of Polydopamine-Reduced Graphene Oxide for Achieving Highly Conductive and Strong Graphene/Cotton Composite Yarn Toward Smart Wearable Devices

Graphene composite yarns have demonstrated significant potential in the development of multifunctional wearable elec-tronics,showcasing exceptional conductivity,mechanical properties,flexibility,and lightweight design.However,their performance is limited by the weak interfacial interaction between the fibers and graphene.Herein,a polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide(PDA-RGO)interfacial modulation strategy is proposed to prepare graphene-coated cotton yarns with high electrical conductivity and strength.PDA-RGO serves as an interfacial bonding molecule that interacts with the cotton yarn(CY)substrate to establish a hydrogen interface,while interconnecting with highly conductive graphene throughπ-πinterac-tions.The developed interface-designed graphene-coated yarn demonstrates an impressive average electrical conductivity of(856.27±7.02)S/m(i.e.,average resistance of(57.57±5.35)Ω).Simultaneously,the obtained conductive yarn demonstrates an exceptional average tensile strength of(172.03±8.03)MPa,surpassing that of primitive CY by approximately 1.59 times.The conductive yarns can be further used as low-voltage flexible wearable heaters and high-sensitivity pressure sensors,thus showcasing their remarkable potential for high-performance and multifunctional wearable devices in real-world applications.

Shape‑Controllable Nanofiber Core‑Spun Yarn for Multifunctional Applications

Nanofiber core-spun yarn(NCSY)combines the advantages of traditional fibers and nanofibers to be widely used in smart wearable textiles,biomedical textiles,and functional textiles.Here,for the first time,the forming process of NCSY and its shape regulation mechanism were explored via finite element analysis and response surface analysis method to obtain mathematical model for predicting the various forms of yarn.As proof-of-concept applications,shape-controllable nanofiber core-spun yarns were prepared for thermal–moisture management and solar steam generation,respectively.The as-obtained shape-controllable PAN nanofiber/cotton composite yarns could achieve an interval control of average water transfer velocity in the horizontal(0.17–0.24 cm min^(-1))and vertical(0.24–0.33 cm min^(-1))directions within 30 min due to the arrangement of PAN nanofibers causes microchannels and hydrophilicity,matching the sweat secretion of human bodies under dynamic or static conditions and realizing the purpose of thermal and moisture comfort.Furthermore,PAN nanofiber wrapped CNTs/cotton composite yarn-based(PAN@CNTs-NCSY)evaporator was designed,which shows a fast water evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),exceeding in most fabric-based evaporators reported to date.These findings have guiding significance for preparing rich style NCSY according to demand and designing functional and intelligent textiles via adjusting the type of core and shell fibers.

Flax/Polylactic Acid(PLA)Core/Sheath Structural Composite Yarn Fabricated by Spindle Braiding Technique

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials has driven research towards the development of green composites.In this work,the flax/polylactic acid(PLA)braided yarns were fabricated by braiding PLA filaments with 4 to 24 spindles on flax yarns.After curing at different temperatures(180℃and 190℃),the core/sheath structural flax/PLA composite yarns were manufactured.According to the results of the tensile test,the flax/PLA composite yarn with 4-spindle PLA yarns as a sheath layer and at a curing temperature of 180℃reached the maximum elastic modulus of about(5.79±0.65)GPa and the maximum tensile strength of about(162.17±18.18)MPa.This flax/PLA composite yarn with good mechanical properties would be suitable for green composites in the automobile manufacturing industry and building materials.

Tension Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Automatic Yarn Splicing Robots for Ring Spinning

Automatic splicing of interrupted yarns in ring spinning has always been a problem in the industry.Factors such as low yarn strengths and environmental influence on yarn tensions make it difficult to control the yarn tension during the robotic splicing process.The purpose of this research is to design active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)for a third-order nonlinear tension system subject to external disturbances.Firstly,a third-order extended state observer(ESO)is designed to achieve the suppression and the compensation of the internal modeling error and the external disturbances of the system.Secondly,the adaptive gain error feedback control and the filtering process are designed to reduce the influence of sensor noise on the disturbance observation.Finally,the tension control during the splicing process is simulated and experimented,and the experiments show that the method has good robustness in the tension tracking task under a dynamic environment,which verifies the effectiveness of the method.

应用程序属性感知的Yarn资源调度模型研究

Hadoop应用程序存在计算密集属性和调度时间属性,但是Hadoop大数据平台集成的第二代资源管理器Yarn内置的三种资源调度器无法将相同属性的应用程序均衡分配到计算节点上,导致部分节点负载过高,出现严重的计算任务长尾效应。文中提出了一种应用程序属性感知的Yarn负载均衡调度模型——APB Scheduler。APB Scheduler自动感知应用程序属性,将相同属性应用程序的Container按照动态资源计划均衡分配到集群计算节点上,并使用NSGA-Ⅲ算法完成最优分配方案计算。实验结果表明,APB Scheduler解决了相同属性应用程序的Container分配倾斜问题,大幅提升了集群的性能和稳定性。

基于YARN集群的计算加速部件扩展支持

以GPU和Intel MIC为代表的计算加速部件已在科学计算、图形图像处理等领域得到了广泛的应用,其在基于云平台的高性能计算及大数据处理等方向也具有广泛的应用前景.YARN是新一代Hadoop分布式计算框架,其对计算资源的分配调度主要针对CPU,缺少对计算加速部件的支持.在YARN中添加计算加速部件需要解决多个难点,分别是计算加速部件资源如何调度以及异构节点间如何共享问题、多个任务同时调用计算加速部件而引起的资源争用问题和集群中对计算加速部件的状态监控与管理问题.为了解决这些问题,提出了动态节点捆绑策略、流水线式的计算加速部件任务调度等,实现了YARN对计算加速部件的支持,并通过实验验证了其有效性.

基于YARN规范的智能电网大数据异常检测

文章描述了Hadoop早期版本在处理智能电网大数据上的不足,同时分析了YARN规范对Map-Reduce进行改进后对电网大数据处理的优点。文章详细讨论了YARNDPP平台中智能电网大数据处理的编码与实现及YARN-DPP的优势,并以IEEE 118节点的电网作为智能电网大数据异常检测的案例程序,对YARN-DPP平台的硬件环境与软件运行环境进行配置。实验结果表明,针对海量的智能电网状态安全大数据异常检测的程序,YARN-DPP平台具有较好的吞吐量与加速比,可以满足现代智能电网大数据异常检测的需求,在计算速度上比单机串行计算及Map-Reduce计算要快。

YARN平台上的并行主题标引算法

文档主题标引是当前个性化智能检索的重要前提,但面对大规模海量数据资源时,主题标引也成为性能瓶颈。当前在Map Reduce框架上设计实现的主题标引算法,通常存在启动任务耗时长,中间数据过多地进行磁盘IO等缺陷。为了解决此类问题,采用YARN(yet another resource negotiator)作为底层分布式资源管理平台,选择更加合适的计算框架来改善计算性能。针对文档主题标引算法计算步骤多、阶段性强的特点,选择有向无环图(directed acyclic graph,DAG)计算模型进行算法实现,避免不必要的作业拆分,从而减少中间结果的磁盘IO。另外,考虑到Map Reduce的排序策略耗时较多,而有些计算无需对结果排序,故可以改用基于Hash的数据归约策略来提高计算性能,但这又会带来随机读的问题。利用固态硬盘高速随机读的特性,设计相应的优化计算策略来解决随机读的问题。通过实验对比发现,以YARN为底层管理平台,在此基础上选择合适的计算框架并加以优化,可以有效改善分布式计算的性能。

Yarn架构下基于GA的Web日志挖掘技术

提出了一种面向TB级别日志文件挖掘需求的日志挖掘技术。采用MapReduce编程模型设计并实现了一种基于子种群联姻策略的GA,并部署到Yarn架构上,使Yarn架构与GA有效结合。在算法Partition阶段,采用Round-Robin策略代替原有的哈希方法,使各个子种群基因更加趋向均匀分布,增加了子种群收敛效率和结果准确性,同时均衡各个节点运行负载,提高了系统性能。经测试,应用该技术的挖掘结果平均准确度达到93%以上,效率提升接近33%。

Full‑Fiber Auxetic‑Interlaced Yarn Sensor for Sign‑Language Translation Glove Assisted by Artificial Neural Network

Yarn sensors have shown promising application prospects in wearable electronics owing to their shape adaptability, good flexibility, and weavability. However, it is still a critical challenge to develop simultaneously structure stable, fast response, body conformal, mechanical robust yarn sensor using full microfibers in an industrial-scalable manner. Herein, a full-fiber auxetic-interlaced yarn sensor(AIYS) with negative Poisson’s ratio is designed and fabricated using a continuous, mass-producible, structure-programmable, and low-cost spinning technology. Based on the unique microfiber interlaced architecture, AIYS simultaneously achieves a Poisson’s ratio of-1.5, a robust mechanical property(0.6 c N/dtex), and a fast train-resistance responsiveness(0.025 s), which enhances conformality with the human body and quickly transduce human joint bending and/or stretching into electrical signals. Moreover, AIYS shows good flexibility, washability, weavability, and high repeatability. Furtherly, with the AIYS array, an ultrafast full-letter sign-language translation glove is developed using artificial neural network. The sign-language translation glove achieves an accuracy of 99.8% for all letters of the English alphabet within a short time of 0.25 s. Furthermore, owing to excellent full letter-recognition ability, real-time translation of daily dialogues and complex sentences is also demonstrated. The smart glove exhibits a remarkable potential in eliminating the communication barriers between signers and non-signers.

Analysis on the Characterization of the Twist Insertion Level and Its Effect of the Compact and Ring Spun Yarns

In this paper, the difference of the twist insertion levels of the compact and ring spun yarns of the same count is analyzed based on the relationship of the yarn twist factor to the twist angle and the bulk density. It is proposed that the relationship of the twist angle, twist level, and the yarn diameter should be synthetically considered when evaluating the twist insertion level of the compact yarn. The twist angle of the compact yarn is smaller than that of the ring yarn with the same twist insertion level. This results from the ordered fiber arrangement and compact structure of the compact yarn. Experiment was conducted to verify the conclusions. It is also discovered that the selection of the twist factor of the compact yarn, which can be usually lower than that of the ring yarn by 10%-15%, can be determined based on the yarn tensile strength.

Radial Yarn Movement in Yarn Duct of Interlacer

In order to find the relations between the production performance of interlacer and its cross-sectional shapes of yarn duct,radial yarn movement in various yarn ducts of interlacer and its effect on performance of interlaced yarn were studied in this paper.Seven interlacers,which were different in the cross-sectional shape of yarn duct,were made.Yarn motion in yarn duct of interlace was observed with optical fibers and photo-sensors.Performance of the interlaced yarn was evaluated by the number and the strength of tangles.Experimental results disclose the relations between the yarn motions and the properties of the interlaced yarn.The interlacer with round yarn duct is capable of producing an interlaced yarn with bigger number of tangles,since it can make yarn transverse frequently the axis of air jet issuing from air jet nozzle.The interlacer with cornered shape of yarn duct makes yarn subjected to the action of compressed air for a longer time,which results in larger strength of tangles.

Scalable Core–Sheath Yarn for Boosting Solar Interfacial Desalination Through Engineering Controllable Water Supply

Tailoring water supply to achieve confined heating has proven to be an effective strategy for boosting solar interfacial evaporation rates.However,because of salt clogging during desalination,a critical point of constriction occurs when controlling the water rate for confined heating.In this study,we demonstrate a facile and scalable weaving technique for fabricating core-sheath photothermal yarns that facilitate controlled water supply for stable and efficient interracial solar desalination.The core-sheath yarn comprises modal fibers as the core and carbon fibers as the sheaths.Because of the core-sheath design,remarkable liquid pumping can be enabled in the carbon fiber bundle of the dispersed superhydrophilic modal fibers.Our woven fabrics absorb a high proportion(92%)of the electromagnetic radiation in the solar spectrum because of the weaving structure and the carbon fiber sheath.Under one-sun(1 kW·m^(-2))illumination,our woven fabric device can achieve the highest evaporation rate(of 2.12kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) with energy conversion efficiency:93.7%)by regulating the number of core-sheath yarns.Practical application tests demonstrate that our device can maintain high and stable desalination performance in a 5 wt%NaCl solution.

Prediction of Rotor Spun Yarn Strength Using Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System and Linear Multiple Regression Methods

This paper presents a comparison study of two models for predicting the strength of rotor spun cotton yarns from fiber properties. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy system inference （ANFIS） and Multiple Linear Regression models are used to predict the rotor spun yarn strength. Fiber properties and yam count are used as inputs to train the two models and the count-strength-product （CSP） was the targel. The predictive performances of the two models are estimated and compared. We found that the ANFIS has a better predictive power in comparison with linear multiple regression model. The impact of each fiber property is also illustrated.

Advances in Electrospun Nanofiber Yarns

In order to increase the application area of nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the globe.Once the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be universally accepted,many new gates of applications will open to the world.In this review,different electrospinning techniques of electrospun nanofiber yarns are divided into needle electrospinning and needleless electrospinning.Considering yarn twist as an important mechanism,needle electrospinning technique is further categorized into mechanical,electrical and field flow twisting methods.Moreover,parameters influencing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns are investigated.Methods of improving mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns are addressed,including hot-water-bath treatment,addition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and introducing regulators.Finally,applications of electrospun nanofiber yarns in different fields of smart textile and bioengineering are summed-up.In summary,challenges encountered in the industrialization of nanofiber yarns and future prospects are anticipated.

The Influence of Elimination of Roving Frame on Ring Spun Cotton Yarn Characteristics

Generally, ring spun yarns are manufactured from roving which is produced by roving frame. In this paper, an experiment has been done producing ring spun cotton yarn directly from finisher drawn sliver eliminating the roving frame. Total 3 types of yarn with the various linear density of 8 Ne, 10 Ne & 12 Ne were produced using a roving frame and without using a roving frame. In the next step, physical and mechanical properties of those yarns including unevenness, imperfections, hairiness & tenacity were investigated. The result showed that ring spun cotton yarns produced from sliver exhibited inferior physical and mechanical properties compared with samples from the conventional ring spinning system.

一种YARN和Spark框架的网格聚类方法

分布式计算为大数据的处理提供一种新的平台,能有效提升算法的执行速度。在DBSCAN算法基础上提出一种数据分网格算法,该算法将每个分区上的数据集划分成以Eps半径为边长的单元格数据块,将查找Eps邻域的范围缩小到数据对象的八个相邻单元格之内,从而提高查找Eps邻域的速度及聚类速度,具有较好的加速比和扩展率。同时还优化分区聚类合并方法。