Detection of Turbulence Anomalies Using a Symbolic Classifier Algorithm in Airborne Quick Access Record(QAR)Data Analysis

As the risks associated with air turbulence are intensified by climate change and the growth of the aviation industry,it has become imperative to monitor and mitigate these threats to ensure civil aviation safety.The eddy dissipation rate(EDR)has been established as the standard metric for quantifying turbulence in civil aviation.This study aims to explore a universally applicable symbolic classification approach based on genetic programming to detect turbulence anomalies using quick access recorder(QAR)data.The detection of atmospheric turbulence is approached as an anomaly detection problem.Comparative evaluations demonstrate that this approach performs on par with direct EDR calculation methods in identifying turbulence events.Moreover,comparisons with alternative machine learning techniques indicate that the proposed technique is the optimal methodology currently available.In summary,the use of symbolic classification via genetic programming enables accurate turbulence detection from QAR data,comparable to that with established EDR approaches and surpassing that achieved with machine learning algorithms.This finding highlights the potential of integrating symbolic classifiers into turbulence monitoring systems to enhance civil aviation safety amidst rising environmental and operational hazards.

基于混合协作NOMA的安全MEC能耗优化

非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)技术的广泛应用改变了传统物理层安全对用户传输速率的限制,在降低时延的同时会引起系统能耗增加。针对安全通信与降低能耗问题,提出一种基于混合协作NOMA的安全边缘计算传输方法。该方法对每个用户数据处理过程设计了多时隙混合协作方案,根据不同用户的信道条件分别设置卸载决策,保证用户间公平,并推导出系统保密中断概率的闭合表达式。然后以最小化系统能耗为目标,采用基于块坐标下降的三步迭代优化算法求得最优卸载方案。仿真结果显示,所提出的传输方法能在保证信息安全的条件下有效地减少系统能耗。

反向散射NOMA赋能的混合多播-单播协作传输方案

针对协作中继通信系统频谱效率低和链路利用率低的问题,面向多播、单播业务共存场景,该文提出一种反向散射NOMA赋能的混合多播-单播协作传输方案。机会式选择一个多播用户作为协作节点,将其接收信号的一部分功率用于自身解码,剩余功率反向散射以增强其余用户的接收质量。为提升系统性能,通过联合优化基站功率分配系数、协作用户反向散射系数和协作节点选择变量,在保障多播服务质量的前提下,实现单播用户最小可达速率的最大化。为解决上述高度非凸联合优化问题,该文设计一种协作用户选择准则并提出了一种迭代算法来获取原问题的最优解。仿真结果验证了所提迭代算法的快速收敛性,相较于传统非协作传输方案,所提方案可将单播用户最小可达速率提升11.5%,有效保证多业务服务质量。

NOMA增强型D2D组的鲁棒资源分配算法

为提高非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)增强型设备到设备(device-to-device,D2D)组链路的鲁棒性和能效,考虑非理想信道状态信息(channel station information,CSI),提出一种能效优化的鲁棒资源分配算法.首先,在保证子信道分配、蜂窝用户和D2D组最小速率以及D2D组最大传输功率约束下,建立最大最小鲁棒能效模型;其次,考虑最坏情况法将信道不确定性建模为有界信道估计误差,并用泰勒级数展开式、凸松弛、变量转换法将原多变量耦合问题转化为凸优化问题;最后,用拉格朗日对偶理论求解.仿真结果表明,所提出的算法将传输速率控制在最低速率阈值以上,具有良好的鲁棒性,与其他算法相比能效提高了8.3%.

基于NOMA-OFDM的雷达通信一体化波形设计

针对基于正交频分复用的雷达通信一体化波形设计中,通信信息的随机性会影响雷达性能以及过高峰均包络比(PAPR)可能导致信号在射频端出现严重失真的问题,文中提出了利用非正交多址将雷达信号与通信信号在功率域中分开,以降低通信信息随机性对雷达性能的影响,并利用主动星座图扩展(ACE)对叠加信号进行PAPR抑制的波形设计方法。首先,分析了传统功率分配原则导致叠加星座出现混叠的原因,并给出在不同调制阶数的最佳功率分配;其次,从理论上分析了ACE技术对叠加信号进行PAPR抑制的可行性;最后,仿真结果表明,在不同调制方式和不同信噪比下,当功率分配最佳时能同时达成雷达信号高检测率和通信符号最低误码率。ACE技术的使用同时保证了优良的雷达性能和通信端的低误码率,对叠加信号的PAPR有较好的抑制效果。

基于SWIPT的无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统能量效率研究

无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。

基于NOMA的共生反向散射通信的性能分析

非正交多址接入和环境反向散射通信是提高无线通信系统频谱效率的关键技术.针对能量受限问题,提出了一种基于瑞利衰落信道的下行非正交多址接入多路传输的共生反向散射通信系统.该系统由1个源节点S、1个反向散射设备BD和1个目的节点D组成.考虑到实际的非线性能量收集模型,在满足反射设备的能量因果约束的情况下,采用了一种最优动态反射系数以最大化反向散射信号的功率,推导了该系统中断概率的解析表达式,通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性.仿真结果表明,反射设备电路的自身损耗对系统中断性能有重要影响.此外,通过仿真对比分析了基于非正交多址的共生反向散射通信系统和基于正交多址的共生反向散射通信系统性能,结果表明基于非正交多址的共生反向散射通信系统具有更好的中断性能.

具有无线携能技术的MIMO-NOMA系统

用户干扰降低了毫米波大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)非正交多址接入(NOMA)系统的频谱效率和能量效率,针对这一问题,提出将无线携能技术(SWIPT)引入基于混合预编码(HP)的MIMO-NOMA系统,并设计了用户分组、混合预编码以及功率分配方案。首先,提出了簇头选择算法,以设计模拟预编码,基于等效信道相关性进行用户分组,并最大化等效信道增益设计数字预编码;其次,为追求用户间的公平性,提出一种基于二分的功率分配方案,以实现最小可达速率最大化。理论分析和仿真结果表明,信噪比(SNR)为5dB时,相较于现有的具有无限携能的正交多址方案,所提方案在全连接架构下频谱效率提升约24.8%,在子连接架构下能量效率提升约24.6%。

NOMA-MEC网络中基于优先级的多任务卸载策略

针对NOMA-MEC网络中多任务卸载引起的资源分配不均、卸载成本过高等问题,考虑任务的异构性和网络环境的动态时变性,以最小化平均卸载成本为目标,面向超密集异构边缘网络提出了一种结合任务优先级的部分卸载策略。首先,充分利用资源,使用二分法模型化卸载比例的封闭解,将卸载问题解耦为任务优先级划分和基于服务器的信道资源分配两个子问题;然后,针对异构的任务,构建多维度任务优先级分类准则,提出了一种基于层次分析的支持向量机(analytic hierarchy-support vector machine, AH-SVM)任务分类方法,通过为不同的任务特征进行权重赋值,实现多任务优先级划分;最后,考虑动态环境下的信道质量,提出了一种面向信道资源分配和最佳卸载位置的NOMA信道增益深度双Q网络(NOMA channel gain deep double Q network, NCG-DDQN)任务卸载算法,有效降低了用户的平均卸载成本。实验结果表明,该算法在任务分类准确率和平均卸载成本方面较其他算法性能均有提升,同时验证了所提算法在高低优先级任务卸载过程中命中率的有效性。

多无人机辅助NOMA网络的联合无线资源分配算法

为了满足高容量需求和通信质量,提出了一种多无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV)辅助下行非正交多址(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access, NOMA)网络的联合定位、用户调度、用户配对和功率分配优化算法。在基站位置固定的网络场景下,推导出通用最优用户配对和功率分配策略闭式解。针对多小区场景,将无人机的位置优化问题转化为一个局部合作博弈问题,并证明所提博弈是一个精确的潜在博弈,它至少有一个纯策略纳什均衡(Pure Strategy Nash Equilibrium, PNE),且最优的纳什均衡(Nash Equilibrium, NE)能够最大化网络和速率。设计了一种集中分布式学习算法寻找最优PNE。仿真结果表明,该算法优于现有方案,显著提高了网络效用。

硬件损伤条件下无人机辅助的NOMA-IRS网络资源分配算法

探讨了在硬件损伤条件下,如何通过搭载在无人机上的智能反射面(IRS)有效支持基于非正交多址接入(NOMA)技术的网络,以加快多用户数据的传输速率。提出了一种全面优化策略实现整个通信系统的最大传输速率,包括联合调整串行干扰消除的解码策略、IRS的反射配置、无人机的空间位置以及基站的发射功率。由于该问题是一个非凸问题,提出使用块坐标下降方法来实现优化的一种迭代算法,将原始的非凸问题细分为3个子问题,并通过结合惩罚函数法、半正定松弛技术和连续凸近似法来解决这些子问题。仿真结果表明:提出的算法在系统总速率方面相比随机部署无人机、未使用IRS辅助的NOMA策略,系统速率有显著提升。

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA) for Future Downlink Radio Access of 5G

Multiple access(MA) technology is of most importance for 5G. Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) utilizing power domain and advanced receiver has been considered as a promising candidate MA technology recently. In this paper, the NOMA concept is presented toward future enhancements of spectrum efficiency in lower frequency bands for downlink of 5G system. Key component technologies of NOMA are presented and discussed including multiuser transmission power allocation, scheduling algorithm, receiver design and combination of NOMA with multi-antenna technology. The performance gains of NOMA are evaluated by system-level simulations with very practical assumptions. Under multiple configurations and setups, the achievable system-level gains of NOMA are shown promising even when practical considerations were taken into account.

下行RIS-NOMA的用户集群方法

为提高用户分布非均匀的场景下可重构智能表面(RIS)辅助下行非正交多址(NOMA)通信系统的性能,提出了一种分布式RIS辅助下行NOMA的用户聚类方案。首先,采用自适应几何分布(AGD)聚类算法划分用户集群(UCs),从而为各UC匹配RIS。然后,利用分式规划(FP)方法将非凸最大化频谱效率问题转换为凸优化问题。最后,为UC内用户逐级进行功率分配(PA)与被动波束形成(PB)。仿真结果表明,与谱聚类(SPC)、K均值(K-means)、高斯混合模型(GMM)聚类方案和正交多址(OMA)方案相比,在AGD方案下,功率对频谱效率提升了7%、14%、19%和42%的增益,反射面对频谱效率提升了16%、19%、26%和40%的增益。

IRS辅助的异构SWIPT-NOMA系统资源分配方案

考虑到未来大型物联网中待服务用户的异构性(接收机产自不同制造商,且具有不同结构、不同功能)和服务需求的多样性,针对功率分割(PS)用户和时间切换(TS)用户共存的异构场景,提出一种IRS辅助的无线携能通信(SWIPT)非正交多址接入(NOMA)通信系统模型。在满足两类用户服务质量的条件下,通过联合优化基站的有源波束成形、IRS的无源相移矩阵、PS用户的功率分割系数、TS用户时间切换系数以及两类用户的串行干扰消除解码顺序来最小化基站的发射功率。为解决该非凸问题,采用基于连续凸逼近的交替迭代方法将问题拆分成多个子问题。针对IRS相移的无源波束成形优化子问题,采用连续秩一约束松弛方法求解。仿真结果表明,IRS辅助的通信系统基站发射功率明显低于无IRS方案;IRS辅助的NOMA通信系统基站发射功率低于IRS辅助的正交多址接入通信系统;IRS辅助的PS-SWIPT系统基站发射功率低于IRS辅助的TS-SWIPT系统。

反向散射中基于载波索引的混合NOMA方案

基于功率域非正交多址的环境反向散射通信系统上行链路常通过距离差完成用户配对。无源反向散射系统的双重信道衰落,导致远端边缘设备无法满足通信所需功率或解码所需信干噪比(Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio,SINR)约束。为了解决上述问题,提出一种OFDM和具有索引调制(Index Modulation,IM)的OFDM混合的上行NOMA方案,该方案由标签调制方案和反射系数调节方案组成。OFDM-IM提供了更好的能量效率,可以使功率水平低的设备满足通信条件。反向散射设备(Backscatter Devices,BD)根据接收到的功率水平,灵活地选择OFDM或者OFDM-IM,并在功率域叠加;通过调节反射系数保证叠加信号的功率差,接收机利用功率电平来执行多用户检测。实验结果表明,该方能够有效地提高远端用户解码的成功率,并且解码用户数量的增加提高了系统容量。

On the System Performance of Mobile Edge Computing in an Uplink NOMA WSN With a Multiantenna Access Point Over Nakagami-m Fading

In this paper,we study the system performance of mobile edge computing(MEC)wireless sensor networks(WSNs)using a multiantenna access point(AP)and two sensor clusters based on uplink nonorthogonal multiple access(NOMA).Due to limited computation and energy resources,the cluster heads(CHs)offload their tasks to a multiantenna AP over Nakagami-m fading.We proposed a combination protocol for NOMA-MEC-WSNs in which the AP selects either selection combining(SC)or maximal ratio combining(MRC)and each cluster selects a CH to participate in the communication process by employing the sensor node(SN)selection.We derive the closed-form exact expressions of the successful computation probability(SCP)to evaluate the system performance with the latency and energy consumption constraints of the considered WSN.Numerical results are provided to gain insight into the system performance in terms of the SCP based on system parameters such as the number of AP antennas,number of SNs in each cluster,task length,working frequency,offloading ratio,and transmit power allocation.Furthermore,to determine the optimal resource parameters,i.e.,the offloading ratio,power allocation of the two CHs,and MEC AP resources,we proposed two algorithms to achieve the best system performance.Our approach reveals that the optimal parameters with different schemes significantly improve SCP compared to other similar studies.We use Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the validity of our analysis.

Pilot Domain NOMA for Grant-Free Massive Random Access in Massive MIMO Marine Communication System

We propose a pilot domain non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)for uplink massive devices grant-free random access scenarios in massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)maritime communication systems.These scenarios are characterized by numerous devices with sporadic access behavior,and therefore only a subset of them are active.Due to massive potential devices in the network,it is infeasible to assign a unique orthogonal pilot to each device in advance.In such scenarios,pilot decontamination is a crucial problem.In this paper,the devices are randomly assigned non-orthogonal pilots which are constructed by a linear combination of some orthogonal pilots.We show that a bipartite graph can conveniently describe the interference cancellation(IC)processes of pilot decontamination.High spectrum efficiency(SE)and low outage probability can be obtained by selecting the numbers of orthogonal pilots according to the given probability distribution.Numerical evaluatioDs show that the proposed pilot domain NOMA decreases the outage probability from 20%to 2 e-12 at the SE of 4 bits/s/Hz for a single device,compared to the conventional method of slotted ALOHA with 1024 antennas at the BS,or increases the spectrum efficiency from 1.2 bits/s/Hz to 4 bit/s/Hz at the outage probability of2 e-12 in contrast with the Welch bound equality(WBE)non-orthogonal pilots.

Random Access and Resource Allocation for the Coexistence of NOMA-Based and OMA-Based M2M Communications

In the future fifth generation(5G) systems,non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a promising technology that can greatly enhance the network capacity compared to orthogonal multiple access(OMA) .In this paper,we propose a novel random access(RA) and resource allocation scheme for the coexistence of NOMA-based and OMAbased machine-to-machine(M2M) communications,which aims at improving the number of successful data packet transmissions and guaranteeing the quality of service(Qo S) (e.g.,the minimum data rate requirement) for M2 M communications.The algorithm of joint user equipment(UE) paring and power allocation is proposed for the coexisting RA(i.e.,the coexistence of NOMA-based RA and OMA-based RA) .The resource allocation for the coexisting RA is investigated,thus improving the number of successful data packet transmissions by more efficiently using the radio resources.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RA and resource allocation scheme outperforms the conventional RA in terms of the number of successful data packet transmissions,thus is a promising technology in future M2 M communications.

IRS辅助上行NOMA和速率最大化方案

针对非正交多址接入(non-orthogonal multiple access,NOMA)系统在无线环境下传输速率较低的问题,利用智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)可以改变入射信号相移的特性,提出一种基于IRS辅助上行NOMA和速率最大化算法.首先,在满足每个用户功率、每个用户最小速率、IRS相位偏移的约束条件下,构建一个联合用户功率、IRS相移多变量优化模型;然后,通过问题公式的等效简化将原非凸问题转换为2个容易处理的子问题;最后,通过交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)、引入松弛变量等方法对子问题进行求解.仿真结果表明,相较于逐次凸逼近法(successiveconvexapproximation,SCA)所提出的算法平均提升了系统0.4 bit/(s·Hz)的和速率,证明了基于ADMM的算法有效提高系统的和速率.

STAR-RIS辅助的NOMA系统物理层安全性能优化

针对实际通信场景中非理想信道状态信息以及非理想串行干扰删除等非理想因素的强耦合特性使可同时反射和透射的可重构智能超表面(STAR-RIS)辅助的非正交多址接入(NOMA)传输系统安全性能无法准确衡量的问题,提出了基于惩罚对偶分解(PDD)和块坐标下降(BCD)的融合算法,联合优化基站的波束成形矢量和STAR-RIS相移系数,实现系统最低安全传输速率的最大化。结果表明,所提融合算法相比BCD算法可以明显增加最低安全传输速率,性能至少提升10%。