Saline–alkaline(SA) stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity(high p H), which severely inhibit plant growth and cause huge losses in crop yields worldwide. Here we show that a moderate elevation o...Saline–alkaline(SA) stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity(high p H), which severely inhibit plant growth and cause huge losses in crop yields worldwide. Here we show that a moderate elevation of endogenous abscisic acid(ABA) levels by RNAi-mediated suppression of Os ABA8 ox1(Os ABA8 ox1-kd), a key ABA catabolic gene, significantly increased tolerance to SA stress in rice plants. We produced Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines in two different japonica cultivars, Dongdao 4 and Nipponbare. Compared with nontransgenic control plants(WT), the Os ABA8 ox1-kd seedlings accumulated 25.9%–55.7% higher levels of endogenous ABA and exhibited reduced plasmalemma injury, ROS accumulation and Na;/K;ratio, and higher survival rates, under hydroponic alkaline conditions simulated by 10, 15, and 20 mmol L-1 of Na;CO;. In pot trials using SA field soils of different alkali levels(p H 7.59, 8.86, and 9.29), Os ABA8 ox1–kd plants showed markedly higher seedling survival rates and more vigorous plant growth, resulting in significantly higher yield components including panicle number(85.7%–128.6%), spikelets per panicle(36.9%–61.9%), branches(153.9%–236.7%), 1000–kernel weight(20.0%–28.6%), and percentage of filled spikelets(96.6%–1340.8%) at harvest time. Under severe SA soil conditions(p H = 9.29, EC = 834.4 μS cm-1),Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines showed an 194.5%–1090.8% increase in grain yield per plant relative to WT plants.These results suggest that suppression of Os ABA8 ox1 to increase endogenous ABA levels provides a new molecular approach for improving rice yield in SA paddies.展开更多
Abscisic acid(ABA),a plant hormone,is crucial for regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants,including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.Recent advancements have significantly contr...Abscisic acid(ABA),a plant hormone,is crucial for regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants,including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.Recent advancements have significantly contributed to our understanding of ABA's biosynthetic pathway,transport,signaling pathway,and metabolism.To overcome the limitations of natural ABA,scientists have developed broad-spectrum and highly active agonists of ABA receptors.However,the practical application of these receptor agonists as agrochemicals still faces several challenges.On the other hand,some ABA antagonists have also been developed to differentiate the functional differences among various receptors more accurately.This can help design ABA agonists that can selectively activate specific physiological responses,thereby eliminating the undesired physiological effects induced by ABA.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current ABA receptor agonists and antagonists to assist in developing novel ABA functional analogs with improved efficacy and simpler chemical structures that are suitable for agricultural applications.展开更多
To cope with unpredictably environmental perturbations and sometimes stresses, plants have evolved with some mechanisms so that these developing stresses can be sensitively perceived and the physiology can be rapidl...To cope with unpredictably environmental perturbations and sometimes stresses, plants have evolved with some mechanisms so that these developing stresses can be sensitively perceived and the physiology can be rapidly regulated. Such perception and regulation can be a kind of feed_forward mechanism and may involve many biochemical and physiological processes and/or the expression of many genes. Although many dehydration_responsive genes have been identified, much fewer of their functions have been known. Such stress_ induced responses should include the initial perception of the dehydration signal, then the complicated signal transduction and cellular transmission until to the final gene activation or expression. As an important plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates many such responses. We believe that starting from the initial perception of dehydration to the gene expression leading to the stress_induced ABA biosynthesis is the most important stress signal transduction pathway among all the plant responses to stresses. Identification of the genes involved and understanding their roles during stress perception and physiological regulation shall be the most important and interesting research field in the coming years.展开更多
以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有...以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有细胞分裂素活性的BA是调控Na+、K+及游离脯氨酸在不同层位叶中分配的重要因素.ABA涂抹湖南稷子的上位叶片,上位叶片中的Na+比其下位叶片高35.0%;用ABA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+比其上位叶片高31.4%,下位叶鞘中的K+比其上位叶鞘高53.7%.用BA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+和脯氨酸分别比其上位叶片高16.5%和31.7%;用BA或ABA定位涂抹植物地上不同部位,引起植物整株水平上Na+、K+向光合作用强的部位,特别是向活跃期的穗中选择性运输的能力增强,游离脯氨酸也多集中于代谢旺盛的光合器官和生殖器官.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2018YFD020224)Chinese Academy of Sciences STS Network Foundation(KFJ-SW-STS-141-01)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA080X0X0X)the Foundation of Innovation team International Partner Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZD-EW-TZ-07-08)。
文摘Saline–alkaline(SA) stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity(high p H), which severely inhibit plant growth and cause huge losses in crop yields worldwide. Here we show that a moderate elevation of endogenous abscisic acid(ABA) levels by RNAi-mediated suppression of Os ABA8 ox1(Os ABA8 ox1-kd), a key ABA catabolic gene, significantly increased tolerance to SA stress in rice plants. We produced Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines in two different japonica cultivars, Dongdao 4 and Nipponbare. Compared with nontransgenic control plants(WT), the Os ABA8 ox1-kd seedlings accumulated 25.9%–55.7% higher levels of endogenous ABA and exhibited reduced plasmalemma injury, ROS accumulation and Na;/K;ratio, and higher survival rates, under hydroponic alkaline conditions simulated by 10, 15, and 20 mmol L-1 of Na;CO;. In pot trials using SA field soils of different alkali levels(p H 7.59, 8.86, and 9.29), Os ABA8 ox1–kd plants showed markedly higher seedling survival rates and more vigorous plant growth, resulting in significantly higher yield components including panicle number(85.7%–128.6%), spikelets per panicle(36.9%–61.9%), branches(153.9%–236.7%), 1000–kernel weight(20.0%–28.6%), and percentage of filled spikelets(96.6%–1340.8%) at harvest time. Under severe SA soil conditions(p H = 9.29, EC = 834.4 μS cm-1),Os ABA8 ox1-kd lines showed an 194.5%–1090.8% increase in grain yield per plant relative to WT plants.These results suggest that suppression of Os ABA8 ox1 to increase endogenous ABA levels provides a new molecular approach for improving rice yield in SA paddies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22077136).
文摘Abscisic acid(ABA),a plant hormone,is crucial for regulating various physiological and developmental processes in plants,including adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses.Recent advancements have significantly contributed to our understanding of ABA's biosynthetic pathway,transport,signaling pathway,and metabolism.To overcome the limitations of natural ABA,scientists have developed broad-spectrum and highly active agonists of ABA receptors.However,the practical application of these receptor agonists as agrochemicals still faces several challenges.On the other hand,some ABA antagonists have also been developed to differentiate the functional differences among various receptors more accurately.This can help design ABA agonists that can selectively activate specific physiological responses,thereby eliminating the undesired physiological effects induced by ABA.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current ABA receptor agonists and antagonists to assist in developing novel ABA functional analogs with improved efficacy and simpler chemical structures that are suitable for agricultural applications.
文摘To cope with unpredictably environmental perturbations and sometimes stresses, plants have evolved with some mechanisms so that these developing stresses can be sensitively perceived and the physiology can be rapidly regulated. Such perception and regulation can be a kind of feed_forward mechanism and may involve many biochemical and physiological processes and/or the expression of many genes. Although many dehydration_responsive genes have been identified, much fewer of their functions have been known. Such stress_ induced responses should include the initial perception of the dehydration signal, then the complicated signal transduction and cellular transmission until to the final gene activation or expression. As an important plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates many such responses. We believe that starting from the initial perception of dehydration to the gene expression leading to the stress_induced ABA biosynthesis is the most important stress signal transduction pathway among all the plant responses to stresses. Identification of the genes involved and understanding their roles during stress perception and physiological regulation shall be the most important and interesting research field in the coming years.
基金supported by 973 Program(2009CB119001),Ministry of Science and Technologysupported by the national key project(2011BAD12B01)+1 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-25-C-09)Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crops Genetic Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture of China
文摘以盆栽的C4植物-湖南稷子 Echinochloafrumentacea 为材料,用6-苄氨基嘌呤 BA 和脱落酸 ABA 定位涂抹湖南稷子的穗、上位和下位叶片,分析了植物体激素平衡的局部改变对整株水平上Na+、K+和游离脯氨酸分配的调节.实验结果表明,ABA和具有细胞分裂素活性的BA是调控Na+、K+及游离脯氨酸在不同层位叶中分配的重要因素.ABA涂抹湖南稷子的上位叶片,上位叶片中的Na+比其下位叶片高35.0%;用ABA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+比其上位叶片高31.4%,下位叶鞘中的K+比其上位叶鞘高53.7%.用BA涂抹湖南稷子的下位叶片,下位叶片中的K+和脯氨酸分别比其上位叶片高16.5%和31.7%;用BA或ABA定位涂抹植物地上不同部位,引起植物整株水平上Na+、K+向光合作用强的部位,特别是向活跃期的穗中选择性运输的能力增强,游离脯氨酸也多集中于代谢旺盛的光合器官和生殖器官.
