Design,preparation,application of advanced array structured materials and their action mechanism analyses for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.

Developments in the study of Chinese herbal medicine's assessment index and action mechanism for diabetes mellitus

In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),based on various pathogenic symptoms and the‘golden chamber’medical text,Huangdi Neijing,diabetes mellitus falls under the category‘collateral disease’.TCM,with its wealth of experience,has been treating diabetes for over two millennia.Different antidiabetic Chinese herbal medicines re-duce blood sugar,with their effective ingredients exerting unique advantages.As well as a glucose lowering effect,TCM also regulates bodily functions to prevent diabetes associated complications,with reduced side effects compared to western synthetic drugs.Chinese herbal medicine is usually composed of polysaccharides,saponins,al-kaloids,flavonoids,and terpenoids.These active ingredients reduce blood sugar via various mechanism of actions that include boosting endogenous insulin secretion,enhancing insulin sensitivity and adjusting key enzyme activity and scavenging free radicals.These actions regulate glycolipid metabolism in the body,eventually achiev-ing the goal of normalizing blood glucose.Using different animal models,a number of molecular markers are available for the detection of diabetes induction and the molecular pathology of the disease is becoming clearer.Nonetheless,there is a dearth of scientific data about the pharmacology,dose-effect relationship,and structure-activity relationship of TCM and its constituents.Further research into the efficacy,toxicity and mode of action of TCM,using different metabolic and molecular markers,is key to developing novel TCM antidiabetic formulations.

Recent progress in preventive effect of collagen peptides on photoaging skin and action mechanism

Ultraviolet(UV)-induced photoaging skin has become an urgent issue.The functional foods and cosmetics aiming to improve skin photoaging are developing rapidly,and the demand is gradually increasing year by year.Collagen peptides have been proven to display diverse physiological activities,such as excellent moisture retention activity,hygroscopicity,tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity,which indicates that they have great potential in amelioration of UV-induced photoaging.The main objective of this article is to recap the main mechanisms to improve photoaging skin by collagen peptides and their physiological activities in photo-protection.Furthermore,the extraction and structural characteristics of collagen peptides are overviewed.More importantly,some clinical trials on the beneficial effect on skin of collagen peptides are also discussed.In addition,prospects and challenges of collagen peptides are emphatically elucidated in this review.This article implies that collagen peptides have great potential as an effective ingredient in food and cosmetics industry with a wide application prospect.

Reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation:A review

Ilmenite is an essential mineral for the extraction of titanium.Conventional physical separation methods have difficulty recovering fine ilmenite,and dressing plants have begun applying flotation to recover ilmenite.The interaction of reagent groups with Ti and Fe sites on the ilmenite surface dramatically influences the ilmenite flotation.However,the investigation on Fe sites has received more attention because the activity of Ti is lower than that of Fe.For the activators on ilmenite flotation,most are metal ions but typically lead ions.The metal ions of activators promote ilmenite flotation by increasing the active sites on the ilmenite surface.Combined reagents have a better selective separation of ilmenite than single reagents due to their synergistic effect.Combining the lead ion(Pb^(2+))and the benzyl hydroxamic acid(BHA)into a Pb-BHA complex has a marked effect on ilmenite flotation,which puts forward a new idea of developing combined reagents for ilmenite flotation.This review considers reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation.On the basis of the analysis of previous research,a brief future outlook of reagent types and action mechanisms in ilmenite flotation is also proposed in this study.

Effects of diphosphonic acid on ilmenorutile collecting property and research of action mechanism

The effects of several collectors and their dosage on pure ilmenorutile atdifferent pH values were studied and the collecting strength of several representative collectorswas investigated. The experimental results indicate that diphosphonic acid is a good collector forilmenorutile and the recovery of ilmenorutile ranges from 90.87 percent to 91.70 percent when thepulp pH value is 2.0-4.0 and the dosage is 75 mg/L. The sequence of collecting ability for severalcollectors is as follows: diphosphonic acid> TF279 > cyclic allryl hydroximic acid > benzyl arsenicacid> salicylic hydroximic acid> alkyl hydroximic acid. Meanwhile, IAS (infrared absorptionspectrum) and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used to detect and analyze the actionmechanism of diphosphonic acid on ilmenorutile. IAS results showed that the characteristicabsorption peak relating to P=O as well as P-O vibration occurred between wave numeber 1140 and 1032cm^(-1), and diphosphonic acid had adsorbed on the surface of ilmenorutile. XPS results indicatedthat the binding energy of P2P peak of ilmenorutile had changed 0.45 eV after treated bydiphosphonic acid. This proves that the adsorption is mainly chemical adsorption.

Existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium and zirconium in Al-Cu-Mg alloy

In order to investigate the existing form and action mechanism of minor scandium （Sc） and zirconium （Zr） in AI-Cu-Mg alloy, microstructures of Al-4Cu-1Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different conditions, including states of as-cast, homogenized, hot-rolled, as-solution and natural aged, were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. It is revealed that Sc and Zr are completely dissolved into the supersaturated solid solution in as-cast ingot, but grain refinement is not observed. Coffee-bean-like AI3（Sc, Zr） particles deposit during homogenization of ingot induce an increase in hardness. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are slightly coarsened in as-solution samples, but they still maintain coherent to matrix, which indicates a high thermal stability of these particles. Good coherency ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles makes some benefits for inhibiting recrystallization and reserving work-hardening.

Preparation and Action Mechanism of Inclusion Complex of β-cyclodextrin and Sulfurized Isobutylene as Additives in Solution of Polyethylene Glycol-600

The inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and sulfurized isobutylene (T321) was prepared with a co-precipitation method. The tribological properties of the complex with different concentrations were investigated by a four-ball tester in the solution of polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600). The experimental results suggest that the complex exhibits better anti-friction and anti-wear properties than β-CD under different load conditions. The tribo-system shows the least friction coefficient when the concentration of the complex is 0.8%. During the friction process, the complex was decomposed into various molecular fragments and the T321 molecules were released onto the friction interface to provide effective lubrication. The XPS analytical results on the worn surfaces reveal that sulfide film formed by the released T321 plays a major role, and the iron alkoxide and carbon deposition films formed by the β-CD fragments have better anti-friction effect on the sulfide film surface. The interactions of different films result in the formation of a mixed boundary lubrication film.

Preparation and Action Mechanism of Inclusion Complex of/%cyelodextrin and Sulfurized Isobutylene as Additives in Solution of Polyethylene Glycol-600

The inclusion complex of fl-cyclodextrin （β-CD） and sulfurized isobutylene （T321） was prepared with a co-precipitation method. The tribological properties of the complex with different concentrations were investigated by a four-ball tester in the solution of polyethylene glycol-600 （PEG-600）. The experimental results suggest that the complex exhibits better anti-friction and anti-wear properties than fl-CD under different load conditions. The tribo-system shows the least friction coefficient when the concentration of the complex is 0.8%. During the friction process, the complex was decomposed into various molecular fragments and the T321 molecules were released onto the friction interface to provide effective lubrication. The XPS analytical results on the worn surfaces reveal that sulfide film formed by the released T321 plays a major role, and the iron alkoxide and carbon deposition films formed by the β-CD fragments have better anti-friction effect on the sulfide film surface. The interactions of different films result in the formation of a mixed boundary lubrication film.

The action mechanisms and structures designs of F-containing functional materials for high performance oxygen electrocatalysis

Non-renewable fossil fuels have led to serious problems such as global warming,environmental pollution,etc.Oxygen electrocatalysis including oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays a central role in clean energy conversion,enabling a number of sustainable processes for future air battery technologies.Fluorine,as the most electronegative element(4.0)not only can induce more efficient regulation for the electronic structure,but also can bring more abundant defects and other novel effects in materials selection and preparation for favorable catalysis with respect to the other nonmetal elements.However,an individual and comprehensive overview of fluorine-containing functional materials for oxygen electrocatalysis field is still blank.Therefore,it is very meaningful to review the recent progresses of fluorine-containing oxygen electrocatalysts.In this review,we first systematically summarize the controllable preparation methods and their possible development directions based on fluorine-containing materials from four preparation methods.Due to the strong electron-withdrawing properties of fluorine,its control of the electronic structure can effectively enhance the oxygen electrocatalytic activity of the materials.In addition,the catalytic enhancement effect of fluorine on carbonbased materials also includes the prevent oxidation and the layer peeling,and realizes the precise atomic control.And the catalytic improvement mechanism of fluorine containing metal-based compounds also includes the hydration of metal site,the crystal transformation,and the oxygen vacancy induction.Then,based on their various dimensions(0D–3D),we also have summarized the advantages of different morphologies on oxygen electrocatalytic performances.Finally,the prospects and possible future researching direction of F-containing oxygen electrocatalysts are presented(e.g.,novel pathways,advanced methods for measurement and simulation,field assistance and multi-functions).The review is considered valuable and helpful in exploring the novel designs and mechanism analyses of advanced fluorine-containing electrocatalysts.

Exploring Action Mechanism of Sanzi Yangqin Decoction in Treating Bronchial Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking

[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanism of Sanzi Yangqin Decoction in the treatment of bronchial asthma based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.[Methods]The components of Fructus Perillae,Semen Raphani and Semen Sinapis three traditional Chinese medicine-related components and targets of Feiduqing Sanzi Yangqin Decoction were obtained using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and the targets of bronchial asthma were obtained using Genecards and OMIM databases.Sanzi Yangqin Decoction"drug-active ingredient-target-disease"network was established with the aid of Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and network topology analysis was carried out.The gene ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID.The top 3 components and targets in the network topology analysis were respectively molecularly docked.[Results]Through network analysis,4 key active components were obtained,mainly luteolin,arachidonic acid,β-carotene,etc.;5 key targets,mainly NCOA2,PGR,PTGS2,etc.Through GO analysis,523 items(P<0.05)were obtained,including 396 items in biological process(BP),53 items in cell composition(CC),and 74 items in molecular function(MF).KEGG analysis generated 144 signal pathways(P<0.05),involving PI3K-Akt signal pathway,human cytomegalovirus infection,Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus infection,proteoglycans in cancer,prostate cancer,etc.The results of molecular docking showed that core active compounds such as luteolin andβ-carotene in Sanzi Yangqin Decoction had good affinity with NCOA2,PGR,PTGS2 and other target genes,which were similar to clinically recommended chemical drugs.[Conclusions]The active compounds luteolin and carotene in Sanzi Yangqin Decoction may mainly bind to targets such as NCOA2,PGR,PTGS2,and regulate multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt to play a role in treating bronchial asthma.It is intended to provide new ideas for the clinical application and research of Sanzi Yangqin Decoction.

Potential Action Mechanism of Baicalin on COVID-19 Based on Network Pharmacology

[Objectives]To collect the main active components and targets of baicalein,and to explore the relationship between their targets and COVID-19 and the treatment mechanism of potential unknown targets.[Methods]The 2D and 3D structures of baicalein(CAS:491-67-8)were obtained by searching Pubchem.The predicted target of baicalein was obtained through the Pharmapper website,and the species specific target was obtained by SEA search server.The COVID-19 related genes were obtained in Genecards and OMIM.The Draw Venny Diagram online program was used to establish the visualized network map of“drug-disease-target”with baicalein monomer target and disease common target and Cytoscape(3.7.2)software.The COVID-19 gene was constructed by using Cytoscape plug-in Bisogenet,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by using the baicalein COVID-19 gene.The CytoNCA topology was used to analyze the network topology and construct the core network.The core network genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG.[Results]Through screening,a total of 358 effective target genes of baicalein,23 common targets of baicalein-COVID-19,and 80 genes of PPI core network were obtained.The total of 1648 GO biological processes including DNA metabolism,positive regulation,intracellular receptor signaling pathway,transforming growth factorβreceptor signaling pathway,regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway,RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding,and 115 KEGG-related signaling pathways involving cell cycle pathways,viral oncogenic pathways,Hepatitis B pathway,Hepatitis C pathway,PI3K-Akt pathway,and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis,etc.[Conclusions]The effect of baicalein on COVID-19 reflects the characteristics of multiple targets,and it can also regulate the occurrence and development of COVID-19 through various channels.This study is expected to provide a certain basis for subsequent experiments.

Review of Action Mechanisms of Acupuncture on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a kind of mental disorder caused by severe traumatic events.It has a high incidence,a serious of impacts on the physical and mental health of patients.Especially in the current situation of COVID-19,the researches on PTSD are particularly important,but the choice of drugs available for PTSD is limited and it is often accompanied by adverse reactions.In the field of acupuncture,there are many clinical research evidences suggested that PTSD is a predominant disease of acupuncture.However,its action mechanisms have not been fully elucidated,so the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in treating PTSD were discussed.

Research Progress of Action Mechanism of Mongolian Medicine Hatageqi-7 in the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer

Based on Mongolian medical theory and modern pharmacology,literature on the main components and action mechanism of Hatageqi-7 in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer is collected,sorted and summarized.The research hopes to provide certain basis for its clinical efficacy from theory.

School Culture Educating People: Realization Path and Action Mechanism

Culture is the core of education and the proper meaning of education. Exploring the realization path and function mechanism of school culture education is a major task for educators at present and in the future. Then, the current academic research started late, had few achievements and was relatively broad and weak. The article believes that the mechanism of school culture educating people includes three fields: “cultural field”, “cultivation field” and “education field”. School teachers and students should be guided to make cultural choices, consciously transform school culture into personal culture, and achieve the purpose of school culture educating people.

Research on the Action Mechanism of Technology Foresight in Strategic Emerging Industries----Take The Delphi Method And Technology Roadmap For Example

Developing strategic emerging industries is the major strategic initiative to accelerate the transformation of economic development while Technology Foresight is a very effective tool. This essay analyses the roles and limitations of Delphi method and Technology Roadmap in development of strategic emerging industries and offers suggestions on how to strengthen the effectiveness of Technology Foresight in it.

Research on the Action Mechanism of Technology Foresight in Strategic Emerging Industries --Take the Delphi Method and Technology Roadmap for Example

Developing strategic emerging industries is the major strategic initiative to accelerate the transformation of economic development while Technology Foresight is a very effective tool. This essay analyses the roles and limitations of Delphi method and Technology Roadmap in development of strategic emerging industries and offers suggestions on how to strengthen the effectiveness of Technology Foresight in it.

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.

Exploring the Action Mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and literature retrieval method were applied to obtain the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),and to predict the relevant targets of the active ingredients.The GBM-related targets were retrieved and screened through the Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database,and mapped to each other with the targets of the components of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)to obtain the intersection targets.The GBM differentially expressed gene targets were imported into the String database to obtain the protein interaction relationship,the Cytoscape software was used to draw the protein interaction network,the Cytobba and MCODE plug-ins were used to screen the core genes and important protein interaction modules,and the GEPIA database was applied to make survival analysis of the core genes.The network map of“active ingredients-targets”was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software.Gene Ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis for GBM differentially expressed genes were performed through the DAVID database.ResultsThrough TCMSP and literature retrieval,23 potential active ingredients and 129 related targets were obtained from Yadanzi(Brucea javanica).In the GEPIA database,247 GBM differentially expressed genes were screened,including 113 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes.After mapping with the targets related to the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),six intersection targets were obtained,that is,the potential action targets of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in treating GBM,including MMP2,HMOX1,BIRC5,EGFR,CCNB2,and TOP2A.Cytoscape software was applied to build an“active ingredient-action target”network.Two active ingredients and five action targets of β-sitosterol(BS)and luteolin were found,and the targets were mainly concentrated in BS.It was found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis that GBM differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection,phagosome formation,tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus and other infectious and autoimmune diseases.It was found by GO enrichment analysis that the GBM differentially expressed genes mainly involved such biological processes(BP)as the processing and presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides and polysaccharide antigens through MHC Il molecules,y-interferon-mediated signaling pathways,extracellular matrix composition,and chemical synapses transmission;it involved cellular components such as cell junctions,axon terminal buttons,extracellular space,vesicle membranes for endocytosis,and MHC Il protein complexes;molecular functions such as calcium-mediated ionic protein binding,MHC Il molecular receptor activity,immunoglobulin binding,and phospholipase inhibitor activity were also involved.Survival analysis was conducted by GEPIA on the top 37 core targets in degree value,and a total of five genes related to GBM prognosis were obtained.Among them,FN1 and MMP2 were highly expressed while GABRD(v-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta subunit),RBFOX1,and SLC6A7 were expressed at a low level in cancer patients.Conclusion The pathogenesis of GBM is closely related to the human immune system,and BS and luteolin may be the main material basis of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)for the treatment of GBM and the improvement of prognosis.The molecular mechanism may be related to the physical barrier formed by destroying the tumor cell stromal 68 Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Zhao,Si.molecules and its involvement in tumor immune response.

The Study on the Action Mechanism of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)Couplet Herbs on Membranous Nephropathy Based on Network Pharmacology

Objective Our objective was to explore the action mechanism of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs in the treatment of membranous nephropathy(MN)based on network pharmacology.Methods The active ingredients and targets of Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)and Qianshi(Euryales Semen)were screened by systematic pharmacology database and analysis platform.Online Human Mendelian Genetic database and GeneCards database were used to retrieve MN-related targets.The active ingredient-related targets and MN disease targets were introduced into Venny 2.1,and Wayne diagram was drawn.The intersection targets were the potential targets of the Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs in the treatment of MN.The protein interaction network of potential targets was constructed,and the core targets were screened with String platform.Metascape platform was used for functional enrichment analysis of gene ontology(GO)and pathway enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG).The“herb-active ingredient-target-pathway”networks were drawn by using Cytoscape software,and the key components,targets,and signaling pathways were screened.Results A total of 8 active ingredients and 193 related targets in Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)and Qianshi(Euryales Semen)were screened out;a total of 1,621 targets of MN disease and 105 potential targets for the treatment of MN were obtained in the treatment with Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs;40 core targets were screened by protein–protein interaction network topology analysis;a total of 1,978 results were obtained by GO function enrichment analysis,and 206 signal pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and screening.The network topology analysis of“herb-active ingredient-target-pathway”showed that the key components included quercetin,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,etc.;the key targets included protein kinase Bα(AKT),mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(MAPK1),B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL2),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),etc.;the key pathways included advanced glycation end product/receptor of AGE signaling pathway,phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway,Ras signaling pathway,nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway,Toll-like receptors signaling pathway,p53 signaling pathway and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the late stage of diabetic complications.Conclusion The Jinyingzi(Rosae Laevigatae Fructus)–Qianshi(Euryales Semen)couplet herbs can regulate PI3K/AKT,MAPK,NF-κB signaling pathways in MN by targeting proteins of AKT1,MAPK8,PTGS2 through key components of quercetin,β-sitosterol,and kaempferol,so as to inhibit the overexpression of inflammatory factors in renal tissues,regulate inflammatory response,and improve renal function.

The action mechanism of Rhizoma Imperatae for pediatric epistaxis management using a network pharmacology approach

Background:Pediatric epistaxis is one of the most common and frequently occurring diseases,while its pathogenesis is complicated and remains to be fully elucidated.Objective:This work aims to explore the therapeutic effect and action mechanism of Rhizoma Imperatae in the treatment of pediatric epistaxis in a network pharmacology approach and to provide a practical reference for treating epistaxis in children.Methods:The active ingredients of Chinese herb Rhizoma Imperatae were obtained from the TCMSP database,and the targets of chemical compounds were subsequently predicted using the Swisstargetprediction database;the disease targets of epistaxis were exported from the Genecards database;the obtained overlapped genes were applied for protein-protein interaction(PPI)analysis,Gene Ontology(GO)anlysis and KEGG analysis.Results:There were 128 targets of Rhizoma Imperatae were predicted,and 500 disease targets were collected,with 19 overlapped targets between the drug and the disease.The five genes matrix metallopeptidase 9(MMP9),EGFR,JUN,PTGS1,and ESR1 had the most connections based on the PPI analysis.The GO analysis indicated that positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation were greatly associated with MMP9,EGFR,and JUN genes in biological processes(BP)and positive regulation of lipid kinase activity and nitric-oxide syntheses activity affected EGFR and ESR1 genes mostly in molecular function(MF).Conclusion:The present research results demonstrated that Rhizoma Imperatae might play a role in alleviating pediatric epistaxis using a network pharmacology technique,hoping to figure out its action mechanism of the drug against the disease.