Performance Analysis of a Profile Control Agent for Waste Drilling Fluid Treatment

A method for the treatment of hazardous waste drilling fluids,potentially leading to environmental pollution,is considered.The waste drilling fluid is treated with an inorganic flocculant,an organic flocculant,and a pH regulator.The profile control agent consists of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide,formaldehyde,hexamethylenetetramine,resorcinol,phenol,and the treated waste drilling fluid itself.For a waste drilling fluid concentration of 2500 mg/L,the gelling time of the profile control agent is 25 h,and the gelling strength is 32,000 mPa.s.Compared with the profile control agent prepared by recirculated water under the same conditions,the present profile control agent displays better stability,salt-resistance,and performance.

Secondary Metabolites of Entomopathogenic Fungi, Biological Alternative for the Control of Agricultural Pests and Disease: Present and Perspectives

The use of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) in recent years has been highly effective against the different orders of insects considered pests of agricultural importance and their conidia have been commonly applied, but it has been reported that these are sensitive to the environmental conditions. For this reason, biopesticides products have been formulated based on secondary metabolites, recently. These biomolecules participate as biological control agent, such as: cyclic depsipeptides, amino acids, polyketides, polyphenols and terpenoids, affecting their morphology, life cycle and insect behavior. The use of secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic fungi opens the possibility of application in a more efficient way for the control of agricultural pests in a compatible with the environment and human health;therefore, it is important to know, analyzing the type of molecules, their effects, and their different methods of application.

基于多Agent的锂电池主动均衡策略控制仿真研究

【目的】针对锂电池的荷电状态均衡管理问题,提出一种基于多智能体的电池组荷电状态一致性均衡方案。【方法】首先,将多智能体控制策略引入电池管理的下垂控制中,实现了主动均衡电路拓扑下的自主均衡;其次,建立领航跟随者模型,利用参数已知的虚拟智能体使各个荷电状态不一致的电池的状态向其靠近,实现充放电模式下的荷电状态均衡;最后,对二阶多智能体荷电状态均衡控制策略进行仿真验证。【结果】实验结果表明,相比一阶均衡控制策略,自主均衡时间减少了43.02%,充电模式中均衡时间减少了16.13%,放电模式中均衡时间降低了32.90%。【结论】多智能体系统在电池的均衡管理中能够实现荷电状态的均衡,有效地降低了锂电池荷电状态到达一致性的收敛时间。

Fire Blight Disease Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Rosaceae Plants in Kyrgyzstan and Biological Agents to Control This Disease

Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.

Control of Lymantria dispar L. by biological agents

The experiment on control of Lymantria dispar L by using different kinds ofbiological measures, including nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Lymantria dispar L., BtMP-342,sex-attractant as well as botanical insecticide, was carried out in the forest regions of InnerMongolia in 2003. Two concentrations (2.632x10^6 PIB ? ml^(-1) and 2.632x10^7 PIB ?ml^(-1)) of Lymantria dispar L. NPV were sprayed on the 2rd-instar-larvae of L. dispar and 70% and77.8% control effect were obtained respectively. BtMP0-342 was applied to the 3rd- and 4th-instarlarvae and the control effect was around 80%. The sex-attractant provided by Canada Pacific ForestryResearch Center also showed a good result in trapping L. dispar adults. The self-produced botanicalinsecticide, which was extracted from a kind of poisonous plant distributed in Daxing'an Mountains,China, exhibited a good control result in controlling the larvae of L. dispar, and 82% mortalitywas observed when spraying primary liquid of the botanical insecticide on the 3rd-5th-instar-larvaein lab.

Distributed formation control for a multi-agent system with dynamic and static obstacle avoidances

Formation control and obstacle avoidance for multi-agent systems have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the problems of formation control and obstacle avoidance are investigated by means of a consensus algorithm. A novel distributed control model is proposed for the multi-agent system to form the anticipated formation as well as achieve obstacle avoidance. Based on the consensus algorithm, a distributed control function consisting of three terms （formation control term, velocity matching term, and obstacle avoidance term） is presented. By establishing a novel formation control matrix, a formation control term is constructed such that the agents can converge to consensus and reach the anticipated formation. A new obstacle avoidance function is developed by using the modified potential field approach to make sure that obstacle avoidance can be achieved whether the obstacle is in a dynamic state or a stationary state. A velocity matching term is also put forward to guarantee that the velocities of all agents converge to the same value. Furthermore, stability of the control model is proven. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control.

Step-coordination Algorithm of Traffic Control Based on Multi-agent System

Aiming at the deficiency of conventional traffic control method, this paper proposes a new method based on multi-agent technology for traffic control. Different from many existing methods, this paper distinguishes traffic control on the basis of the agent technology from conventional traffic control method. The composition and structure of a multi-agent system （MAS） is first discussed. Then, the step-coordination strategies of intersection-agent, segment-agent, and area-agent are put forward. The advantages of the algorithm are demonstrated by a simulation study.

Distributed H_∞ control of multi-agent systems with directed networks

This paper studies the distributed H∞control problem of identical linear time invariant multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances. A directed graph containing a spanning tree is used to model the communication topology. Based on the relative states of the neighbor agents and a subset of absolute states of the agents, distributed static H∞controllers are proposed. The concept of an H∞performance region is extended to the directed graph situation. Then the results are used to solve the leader–follower H∞consensus problem. Sufficient conditions are proposed based on bounded real lemma and algebraic graph theory. The effectiveness of the theoretical results is illustrated via numerical simulations.

Hierarchical Distributed Control Design for Multi-agent Systems Using Approximate Simulation

在这份报纸，我们基于近似模拟为多代理人系统考虑一个层次控制图案。到还原剂复杂性，我们首先构造一个简单抽象系统指导代理人，然后，我们讨论在抽象系统和多重代理人之间的模拟关系。在这个抽象系统的帮助下，分布式的层次控制被建议完成一项协作任务。由普通 Lyapunov 功能的优点，我们与考虑到模拟功能交换多代理人拓扑学分析集体行为。

Control Effects of Combination of Plant Induced Resistant Agents against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

[ Objective] The paper was explore the control effects of combination of plant induced resistant agents against tobacco mosaic vires （TMV）. [ Method ] The control effects of 6 different combinations of plant induced resistant agents against TMV of flue-cured tobacco cultivar HangDa were studied under the environ- ment of simulated disease nursery. [ Result] The combination of 2 induced agents polypeptide-agent and 3-acetonyl-3-hydroxyoxindole （AHO） had good control effect against TMV, which could obviously delay the incidence time of TMV in infected tobacco plants. With water and Duxiao as control, their average control effects against TMV of tobacco plants during field period reached 69.64% and 43.25% after transplanting for 70 d. They also showed significant superiority accord- ing to Duncan＇s test （p = 0.05 ） in the aspects of plant height and leaf number, and the growth and development condition of leaves was good. Tobacco seedlings carrying TMV virus had no direct correlation with whether the symptoms performed, the seedlings carrying virus would perform symptom only when the incidence condition was suitable. The peak period for the incidence of TMV in seedlings carrying virus was during 19 d after transplanting. Spraying effective agents during nursery stage and field period, as well as promoting quick growth at the initial stage of tobacco seedlings after transplanting were the key measures to control its inci- dence. [ Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for preparing the control measures against TMV.

Study of Water Treatment Residue Used as a Profile Control Agent

A large amount of residue from the water treatment process has gradually accumulated and thus caused serious environmental pollution in waterflood oilfields. The water treatment residue is a grey suspension, with a density of 1.08 g/cm^3, and mainly contains over 65% of light CaCO3, MgCO3, CaSO4, Fe2S3 and Ca（OH）2. This paper ascertains the effect of water treatment residue on core permeability and its application in oilfields. Coreflooding tests in laboratory were conducted in two artificial cores and one natural core. Core changes were evaluated by cast model image analysis, mercury injection method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Fresh water was injected into another natural core, which was plugged with water treatment residue, to determine the effective life. The results indicate that the water treatment residue has a strongly plugging capability, a resistance to erosion and a long effective life, and thus it can be used as a cheap raw material for profile control. In the past 8 years, a total of 60,164 m^3 of water treatment residue has been used for profile control of 151 well treatments, with a success ratio of 98% and an effective ratio of 83.2%. In the field tests, the profile control agent increased both starting pressure and injection pressure of injectors, and decreased the apparent water injectivity coefficient, significantly improving intake profiles and lengthening average service life of injectors. 28,381 tons of additional oil were recovered from these corresponding oil wells, with economic benefits of ￥3,069.55×10^4 （RMB） and a remarkable input-output ratio of 8.6：1.

Influence of process control agents on the performance of Ni_3Al by mechanical alloying

The influence of process control agents （PCAs） on the mechanical properties of Ni3AI intermetallic compounds by mechanical alloying was investigated in order to develop oxide deposition reinforced intermetallics. The PCAs in mechanical alloying were pure ligroin, 75 vol.% ligroin ＋ 25 vol.% alcohol, 50 vol.% ligroin ＋ 50 vol.% alcohol, 25 vol.% ligroin ＋ 75 vol.% alcohol, and pure alcohol. The normal composition is Ni-22.9at.%Al-0.5at.%B, the ball-to-powder weight ratio is 10：1, and the milling time is 30 min. Then, the powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering under 40 MPa for 5 min at 1000℃. The results show that a higher bending strength and a higher hardness were obtained when the PCAs were 75% ligroin ＋ 25% alcohol in mechanical alloying. The bending strength is about 2700 MPa and the hardness （HV） is more than 6 GPa.

EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS TO CONTROL FOREST PESTS

Fungi and bacteria as insecticides have been tested to control forest pests for more than ten years, they are the saine kind of biocontrol agent with the different conentrations. thesame kind of the biocontrol agent with the different origin areas, and the mixtures of the different kinds of biocontrol agents. The infection mechanism of virus was discussed. moreover. the mfluence of these biocontrol agents on the small animals was also evaluated.

Successive lag cluster consensus on multi-agent systems via delay-dependent impulsive control

We introduce a new consensus pattern, named a successive lag cluster consensus(SLCC), which is a generalized pattern of successive lag consensus(SLC). By applying delay-dependent impulsive control, the SLCC of first-order and second-order multi-agent systems is discussed. Furthermore, based on graph theory and stability theory, some sufficient conditions for the stability of SLCC on multi-agent systems are obtained. Finally, several numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of our theoretical results.

The Synthesize and Property Evaluation of High Temperature Resistant Phenolic Resin-Type Profile Control Agent

Most of the mining method of domestic oilfield is waterflood development, thus the water content in the mid and late water flooding would rise faster, and the oil recovery rate would decline relatively more rapid. So it is very important to research profile control agent for stabilizing oil production resin-type profile control agent, and focus on researching the themal stability, shear resistance, gelation time and gelation strength and other properties of this profile control agent?[1]. Finally, the best ratio for synthesizing the high temperature resistant phenolic resin-type profile control agent was obtained.

Proto col Design for Output Consensus of Port-controlled Hamiltonian Multi-agent Systems

这份报纸调查控制港口的 Hamiltonian (PCH ) 多代理人系统的产量一致问题与修理并且切换的拓扑学。第一，一个分布式的组产量一致协议经由塑造方法全球性到达稳定性和组产量一致的能量被设计。第二，一个新分布式的控制协议被使用 PCH 系统的结构的性质建议。这个协议的优点是它能由构造一种虚拟邻居转变指导的图到未受指导的图。第三，一个控制协议被设计，扩大 LaSalle0s 不变性原则在联合连接的拓扑学条件下面为交换系统发展了让所有代理人当拓扑学正在切换时，到达输出一致。最后，有模拟的一些解说性的例子被提供表明在这份报纸设计的协议的有效性。

Use of seed gums from Tamarindus indica and Cassia fistula as controlled-release agents

Most seed gums have been widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products because of their hydrophilic properties. Gums from Tamariudus indica and Cassia fistula seeds were chemically modified by carboxymethylation to improve their functionalities. The objective of the present study was to characterize and evaluate crude and carboxymethylated gums from T. indica and C. fistula seeds to achieve the controlled-release of diclofenac sodium(DS) in matrix tablet form. Both crude and carboxymethylated gums were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the gums were successfully modified by carboxymethylation and that the modified gums were amorphous in structure and had better flow properties. The carboxymethylated gums from both plant seeds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 0.5 mg/ml. All gum samples used as polymeric controlled-release agents were formulated into DS matrix tablets. Hardness and thickness tests were conducted as in-process tests. Drug content estimation and in vitro drug release studies were carried out to evaluate the matrix tablets. Increasing the concentration of gums increased compression time and hardness while it reduced the thickness. Furthermore, the results fitted well with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Moreover, the DS tablets were found to release the drug by super case II transport(relaxation). In summary, the carboxymethylated gum from T. indica and C. fistula seeds is an excellent, naturally sourced gum with high physicochemical and functional qualities, and can potentially be used in pharmaceutical applications as a disintegrant, diluent, and drug release-controlling agent.

Screening of Chemical Agents for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda in Corn Fields of Panmao Township,Yunnan Province

[Objectives]The paper was to effectively prevent and control the damage of Spodoptera frugiperda and to screen effective agents.[Methods]The block test of drug control was carried out,and the insect pest situation was investigated five times.[Results]150 mL/hm^(2) of 5%emamectin benzoate+600 mL/hm 2 of 5%lufenuron had better comprehensive control effect on S.frugiperda,and the corn yield reached 10100.55 kg/hm^(2).[Conclusions]The study provides a basis for scientific control of S.frugiperda.

Cluster consensus of second-order multi-agent systems via pinning control

This paper investigates the cluster consensus problem for second-order multi-agent systems by applying the pinning control method to a small collection of the agents. Consensus is attained independently for different agent clusters according to the community structure generated by the group partition of the underlying graph and sufficient conditions for both cluster and general consensus are obtained by using results from algebraic graph theory and the LaSalle Invariance Principle. Finally, some simple simulations are presented to illustrate the technique.