Transmigration and Agrarian Conflict: Agrarian Resources Conflict at Arongo, Southeast Celebes, Indonesia

Transmigration has negative impacts,namely,the resistance of the indigenous people against transmigrants and environmental damage.This study analyzes the resistance of indigenous people to defend their agricultural resources of transmigration project.Results show that the transmigration projects have failed because of the social tensions between the indigenous people and transmigrants related to agricultural resources.At the same time,emerging oil palm plantation companies occupied agricultural resources that become the dispute’s object.Each party(group),either indigenous people,transmigrants,or oil plantation company claims that agrarian resource becomes the object of their properties.

Socio-ecological insights into the development of agrarian professionals

There is a lack of information about the factors responsible for the effectiveness of environmental policies in Brazilian agriculture.This study aimed at identifying the perception and practices of agrarian professionals.The data analysis was carried out using a survey and methodological approaches focusing on environmental complexity and categorization of environmental actions.Quantitative analysis was based on descriptive statistics.Atmospheric problems were perceived as the main problems for the current and next two generations,while hydrological problems were indicated as those deserving most urgent solutions.On the other hand,the main developed actions and those planned to be carried out were classified within the responsibility category.Because of the reductionist perceptions,introduction of the concept of a socio-ecological system is indicated by means of methodological interventions during the development of agrarian professionals;also,in order to stimulate actions related to the competence and citizenship category,a methodological intervention focusing on resilience thinking is proposed.Typical actions of individuals with either reductionist or complex conceptions of the environment can be captured and,therefore,educational strategies can be traced based on the profiles obtained.

Present problems of water management and agrarian reforms in uzbekistan

The agriculture of Uzbekistan always played the important role in economy and in social life of the country. In spite of the fact that new branches of production have been created in the last years, and much higher rates the industry and service sphere were developed, the agriculture remains the one of leading directions and takes the important place in gross national product production. Its role is connected also with that it is the supplier of raw materials for quickly developing and demanded branches of light and food industry, and by that the considerable part of Uzbek population lives in rural areas and this or another ways connected with agrarian production. However, for the further development of this branch there are a number of barriers. From them the limitation of water resources and reclamation condition of the lands as well as the food security achieving are the main.

Deforestation, Agrarian Reform and Oil Development in Ecuador, 1964-1994

Recent biodiversity research in the Western Amazon has emphasized the linkages among road construction, deforestation and loss of indigenous lands. Many observers have concluded that hydrocarbon production inevitably means destruction of forests and expropriation of native territory. Yet evidence from the eastern lowlands of Ecuador (known as the Oriente) shows that oil can be developed without roads or harmful impacts. The Oriente also provides another contrasting case: in areas where no oil was discovered, the government often built roads to support its agricultural colonization efforts. In these areas, a great deal of deforestation and indigenous displacement occurred. Such evidence suggests that a different set of agrarian and environmental policies might permit oil activity without loss of rain forest or indigenous territory.

Participatory Planning of Social and Spatial Organization in Agrarian Reform Policy in Brazil： An Assessment of the Implementation Challenges

The social endeavors for Agrarian Reform in Brazil have a history of at least sixty years. Throughout this time, distinct political regimes, increased land concentration, disordered urbanization and the development of a dynamic agribusiness sector inserted in global economy led to both the aggravation of social conflicts over land in Northern and Southern Brazil as well as new inquiries on the features necessary for an efficient Agrarian Reform Plan in the authors＇ country. Focused on the agrarian reform projects in the Brazilian Amazon, this work discusses on the political and methodological perspectives drawn in II PNRA （second National Plan of Agrarian Reform）. The authors frame their account mostly along the theoretical scaffolding provided by the Bloomington School of Institutional Analysis. The authors analyze the multiple challenges facing the organization and the maintenance of the institutional structure designed to facilitate participatory planning and governance of collective resources in periurban settlements. The authors portrait these settlements as highly complex socio-ecological systems wherein socioeconomic asymmetries, cultural diversity and poor social capital and education promote political and ideological disputes that jeopardize safeguarding global commons.

Rural Survey of the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolutionary War and Practical Enlightenment

During the Agrarian Revolutionary War,in order to understand the situation in the countryside,win the revolution and answer the question of the nature of rural society in China,the Chinese Communists spontaneously conducted rural social surveys under the efforts of a group of communists such as Chen Hansheng,Mao Zedong,Zhang Wentian and the China Rural Economic Research Association,forming a more systematic and comprehensive rural summary and laying a solid foundation for the formulation of rural policies. The current rural China is undergoing tremendous changes,and the formulation of rural revitalization strategies and the mobilization of farmers' enthusiasm are inseparable from survey and practice. The rural survey activities of the Communist Party of China during the Agrarian Revolutionary War provide far-reaching practical enlightenment for the work of the Party and the revitalization of the countryside.

“Agrarian Capitalism” in Early Modern Britain: Some Problems and Refl ections

The proposition on capitalism was one of the most popular topics since 1950s in the Chinese academia,but its concept is actually related with early modern British history.Some hypotheses of“agrarian capitalism”derived from the classics of Marxism on the agrarian questions,such as the form of farm,land holding,social class and social property relations in British agriculture.However,that concept is still not clear in historian’s usage,and often confused with the agrarian commercialization.And,it is diffi cult to give a defi nite time of the rise of“agrarian capitalism”in England.Also,we need to pay attention to whether the origin of capitalism from agriculture or manufacture,countryside or city in early modern Britain.These refl ections regarding“agrarian capitalism”will inspire a new generation of historians to collect new historical materials and put forward new ideas for understanding the truth of social evolution.

Rise and Fall:Deciphering Urban Sites and their Environment in Overlapping Agrarian/Pastoral Regions——Based on Examination of the Border Fortified Camps along the Yansui Section of the Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty

The area along the Grear Wall in northern Shaanxi between the Loess Plateau and the Ordos Desert is one of the major agrarian-pastoral regions of northwest China. Historically, the land was fought over by the nomadic and the agrarian peoples of the region. The Yansui section of the Ming Great Wall and thirty-nine fortified encampments along it were built during fighting between the Mongols and the Han people. As all of them were located along communication lines vital to economic development, they played an important role in politics, the economy and transport over three hundred years of Ming and Qing rule. However, they fell into disuse in the late Qing and the Republican period and are now in ruins. The main reason underlying their decline was that the sites had been chosen for their defensive value, so the subsequent northern expansion of China’s borders and structural changes in the border economy hastened their decline. Thus the rise and fall of these fortified towns at the intersection of the agrarian and the pastoral regions was closely related to imperial political and military activity and was in line with ethnic and tribal movements and migrations and the evolution of civilizations. In sum, the reasons behind the demise of these fortified towns and camps were highly complex and usually involved multiple factors.

中国农业农村现代化的六个趋势性判断

当前,我国农业现代化的生产可能性边界正在快速跃迁,从要素匹配角度来看,种子和耕地是农业现代化的首要挖潜空间,同时要做好农业劳动力快速减少的政策储备。中国已经进入从农业现代化向农业农村现代化拓展的发展阶段,农村现代化将是一个漫长的历史过程。在现阶段,市镇和半稠密地带是乡村振兴的核心动力引擎,村庄开放发展构成了乡村振兴的微观基础。深化改革是加快农业农村现代化的关键一招,农政变革的步伐终究要与农业农村市场化水平相适配。

农业基本法视角下日本农业政策演变及特征研究

农业强国的建设离不开农业支持保护政策体系,中国的农业政策函须瞄准世界农业政策演变的共性问题,通过不断地调整与改革提高政策的精准性和有效性。以东亚国家日本为例探究其政策的演变及特征,对于揭示农业政策的前沿发展方向和形成“中国方案”具有重要的实践意义和学理价值。日本《农业基本法》从开始实施,到历次修订,经历了三个主要阶段:1961年日本《农业基本法》实施,1999年修订并更名为《食物、农业、农村基本法》,2024年《食物、农业、农村基本法》修订。日本农业政策的演变特征遵循由第一阶段保生产稳价格到第二阶段注重农业多功能和农村地区振兴再到第三阶段“食物供应-产业转型-可持续发展-乡村振兴”多维度的逻辑,是个不断根据日本经济社会的新规律完成适应性调整的过程。日本农业政策演变过程提供了如下经验启示:一是以法律为依据制定农业政策,二是因时而异确立农业政策目标,三是重视农业和食物产业的绿色转型,四是农业政策的长期一贯性以及政策目标措施的适变性。

农业职业院校“耕读+思政”育人的价值、困境与实施路径

农业职业院校肩负着培养乡村振兴人才的重任,耕读教育、思政教育是涉农学子走进农村、走近农民、走向农业的重要渠道,是培育乡村振兴人才的重要途径。阐述农业职业院校“耕读+思政”育人的价值,结合所面临的困境,提出农业职业院校应强化农业特色、完善顶层设计,搭建“耕、读、思”互动桥梁,打造“耕读+思政”特色课程,培养“双师型”教师,以期培养更多“一懂两爱”的人才,振兴乡村发展。

土地革命战争时期毛泽东对马克思主义中国化的艰辛探索

大革命失败后,面对国民党反动派制造的白色恐怖、共产国际及其代表的思想禁锢和党内“左”倾教条主义者的排挤打压,以毛泽东同志为主要代表的中国共产党人以强烈的责任担当和革命胆略,坚持将马克思主义基本原理与中国革命实际相结合、与中华优秀传统文化相结合,坚持以人民为中心的价值导向,与党内盛行的把马克思主义教条化、把共产国际决议和苏联经验神圣化的错误倾向作斗争,积极探索马克思主义中国化的有效路径,找到了一条以农村包围城市、武装夺取政权的革命道路,初步形成了毛泽东思想这一马克思主义中国化的创新理论成果。

数字农业技术如何影响农政变迁?

在数字农业发展过程中,数据成为重要的生产资料。不同的原有农业生产关系延伸出不同的围绕数据的生产关系,导致不同的农政变迁结果。在西方发达国家,土地私有制和数字农业公司主导产生基于私有制的数据生产关系,推动土地集中,增加大农场的竞争力,并强化资本对农业生产者的控制和剥削。在中国,生产端的农地集体所有制结合目前的政府主导为基于公有制的数据生产关系提供了可能,其中蕴含着迥异的农政变迁结果;销售端的电商平台主导产生基于新型私有制的数据生产关系,结果是电商销售引入了新型中间商,并强化了农民与商业资本间的不平等关系。如何对接小农户与数字农业技术、保护农民的数据主权,是该技术助力共同富裕的关键。

土地革命战争时期党的纪检监察制度的历史演进

土地革命战争时期是党的纪检监察制度的奠基时期,历经初创、适应性调整和党政并轨三个阶段。这一时期的纪检监察制度以党章、决定等规范性文本为依托,反映出纪检监察制度演进的基本逻辑,为研究该时期纪检监察制度的演进提供了新的视角。党的纪检监察制度是在吸收借鉴苏联经验的基础上,基于中国实践的教训和革命形势的实际而逐步探索建立起来的。其制度形态的转变折射出了党在共产国际指导权与自主权之间寻求平衡的方式,以及纪检监察制度服务于党的集中统一领导和中心工作的核心逻辑。

中国共产党利用木活字印刷术开展革命出版事业考论

新民主主义革命时期,中共领导的根据地以农村为主,交通落后,经济和技术基础薄弱,又屡遭敌人封锁,铅印、石印、油印的设备及耗材严重匮乏,无法满足革命宣传和教育普及的需要。民国年间南方地区由于纂修家谱等原因,木活字印刷业仍较为活跃。其成本低廉、操作简单、方便转移,于是中共党政军机关主动利用木活字印刷革命读物和文件传单。这一现象主要出现在土地革命时期江西、湖南、湖北和安徽等地的苏区,出版物以初级教育课本为主。此外,中共还通过刻制木活字补充损坏或者缺少的铅字。传承千年的木活字印刷得以发挥余热,有力推动了当地的扫盲和群众动员工作,为偏远地区传播革命火种。

土地革命战争时期中国共产党坚持独立自主原则的理论来源、实践探索与时代价值

独立自主是中国共产党立党立国的重要原则,也是中国共产党取得革命胜利的重要经验。中国共产党坚持独立自主原则既厚植于独立自主的民族精神,又孕育于马克思主义真理之中。土地革命战争时期,中国共产党坚持独立自主原则,积极探索中国革命新道路,并进行了建设红色政权的有益尝试。在中国特色社会主义新时代、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军的重要关头,继续坚持和发展独立自主原则,有助于巩固中华民族文化主体性、坚定走中国特色社会主义道路、坚持独立自主的内政外交政策。

流动农业工人:概念特征、经济动态与理论视角

农业劳动力问题是农政转型与变迁研究领域的核心议题之一,其深厚的学术传统不仅聚焦对该群体及其背后流动现象的关注,还涉及其对农业、农地、农民和农村方面的多重影响。本文通过对国际农政研究领域的英文文献进行梳理,呈现了流动农业工人群体的定义、特征与生成机制,并从马克思主义、实体主义、新古典与新制度经济学、后现代与后结构主义、生计框架五个经典农政理论视角出发,展现了当前英文学术界围绕该议题形成的核心观点和研究旨趣,进一步揭示了该现象背后蕴含的丰富研究内容和重要研究价值。以雇佣劳动替代家庭劳动是中国农业现代化转型的必然过程,尤其是在蔬菜、水果等特殊农产品种植区域,雇佣流动农业工人普遍存在,是农业经营主体应对季节性劳动力需求高峰的主要方式,也是确保特殊农产品供应安全的保障。因此,应在学术研究与制度建设方面对中国流动农业工人给予更多关注,以构建更公平、规范和更具有支持性的流动环境。

农业现代化与集体记忆——以“50品·城”项目为例

【目的】中国的快速城市化是以牺牲乡村农业为代价的。随着中国的城市化,乡村和乡村景观已受到环境退化、经济差距和社会不平等的影响。为了应对这些挑战,中国提出了一系列乡村规划和改革方案。然而,美国农业现代化的历史表明这些乡村改革项目或将带来文化湮灭和环境破坏的风险。“50品·城”这一项目为中国的农业现代化和农业新城镇规划提供了一种新模式,通过详细解读中国农业历史和乡村生活,为当前重要的经济、环境和社会改革提供支持。【方法/过程】“50品·城”基于中国各地多样的烹饪手法和传统作物,从中选取50个最重要、最珍贵和最濒危的案例,提出以“一个城镇,一种作物”的经济一体化为基础,在中国各地建立50个小规模农业新城镇的构想。每个农业新城镇的建设都依托于一种特定的具有烹饪文化价值的传统作物及以其为核心的农业生态系统,在保护中国极具代表性的烹饪文化的同时,调和农业现代化、经济一体化和提高生活质量之间的冲突。【结果/结论】关于“50品·城”的构想既能达成提升乡村生活品质的发展目标,同时又不破坏历经数百年形成的农业与烹饪文化遗产所承载的集体回忆。

土地革命战争初期党团关系研究——以青年团在军队内组织形态为线索

中共中央“九月来信”和红四军九大决议案中关于红军内是否应设团小组的不同意见集中反映了中国共产党、共产主义青年团对于军队内团的组织形态的认识分歧。大革命失败后,在取消主义和先锋主义观念的影响下,青年团从最初得以在军队内设置单独支部,到最后被取消独立的组织系统,在党的系统之下开展青年工作。在这一过程中,党和团的组织规模对比变化、干部人才的数量和质量、游击战争的复杂环境,尤其是青年团对“工作青年化”的转型方向和青年利益存在的认识误区等都对这一时期的党团关系产生了不可忽视的影响,也为当前坚持在党的领导下开展青年工作提供了历史借鉴。

土地革命背景下农村婚姻关系的变迁与重塑——基于对韩丁《翻身》的研究

传统婚姻关系随着土地革命的推进发生某些“质”的变化,《翻身》是呈现这一时期包括婚姻关系在内的社会变迁的重要文本。基于对《翻身》的研究可以发现,在土地革命之前,传统农村婚姻关系的缔结、婚姻的存续再到婚姻的解除与再嫁,从始至终皆受制于传统的宗法制度,而女性在其中更是处于卑微的地位。土地革命之后,婚姻关系在婚姻自主权、财产权、社会公共活动权及组织保障等方面发生一系列的变化,即由习俗制约到法制介入、由夫权依附到物质保障、由原子化的个人到组织化的团体、由边缘化到公共活动的积极参与者。此时,新型婚姻关系的构建虽然仍然受到传统观念等因素的制约,但农村婚姻关系逐渐呈现出以平等为基调的态势,广大妇女的主体意识和人格尊严呈现觉醒的趋势。