In this study, protoplasts were successfully isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii using snail enzymes, abalone enzymes and cellulase. The optimum enzymic ratio was fixed to be 20% of abalone enzyme, 12% of cellulase an...In this study, protoplasts were successfully isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii using snail enzymes, abalone enzymes and cellulase. The optimum enzymic ratio was fixed to be 20% of abalone enzyme, 12% of cellulase and the osmotic stabilizer was 2.0 mol/L glucose. The optimum enzymic hydrolysis conditions were found to be dark enzymolysis at 30°C continuing for 4.0 h. The resultant density and yield of protoplasts achieved 32.60×10^4 mL-1, 65.20×10^4 g-1 tissue for Kappaphycus alvarezii. Finally, under the temperature of 20°C, light intensity of 1 500–2 000 lx and photoperiod of 12 h/d, two developmental pathways were investigated：（1） callus-like cell mass and regenerated plantlet occurred on protoplast;（2） young shoots and calluslike cell mass occurred in tissue blocks after enzymolysis.展开更多
To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) and to compare the microbial inhibition activities between these two crude extract...To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) and to compare the microbial inhibition activities between these two crude extracts.MethodsBoth K. alvarezii and A. paniculata were extracted with methanol before the commencement of antimicrobial properties studies. There were a total of eight species of bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. The antimicrobial activity was tested by disk diffusion method.ResultsCrude extract of K. alvarezii was found not effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, A. paniculata showed higher inhibition towards the growth of Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Results revealed that Bacillus subtilis was susceptible at lower concentration of A. paniculata crude extract however Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most susceptible towards A. paniculata at higher concentration. Although the inhibition zones produced by the crude extract were smaller than that of the positive control, streptomycin disc, A. paniculata crude extract still can be considered as potential antimicrobial agents either because it is a natural product or the active compound which is yet identified from its crude extract.ConclusionsCrude extract of K. alvarezii has zero inhibition in bacteria growth whereas A. paniculata exerted higher inhibition towards Gram-positive bacteria. The bioactive compounds contained by A. paniculata can be evaluated in order to yield a better vision towards the mode of action.展开更多
Seaweeds are not used as much for edible use although many kinds of seaweed are collected in Sri Lanka.The objective of this study was to develop high quality bread using seaweed,Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from S...Seaweeds are not used as much for edible use although many kinds of seaweed are collected in Sri Lanka.The objective of this study was to develop high quality bread using seaweed,Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from Sri Lanka,and wild yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from nectarine in Japan.Dietary fiber in K.alvarezii,Japanese sea weeds,Wakame and Aosa contained 48.1,31.7 and 29.1 g/100 g,respectively.The amount of total organic acid increased in garlic bread compared to bread without garlic.The best swelling properties were evident in the bread with K.alvarezii(0.5%)and garlic.The bread including K.alvarezii increased the fermentative power of wild yeast while the addition of garlic increased the degree of swelling of the dough.In the sensory testing,the bread with K.alvarezii(0.5%)and garlic was favored for the fineness of its texture and had the most preferred texture.It is possible to develop seaweed bread that is rich in dietary fiber and has excellent flavor by adding a suitable amount of garlic during the fermentation process.展开更多
A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of Aquasap, a commercially manufactured biostimulant from seaweed Kappapphycus alvarezii on some hills and foothills banana varieties namely Robusta （AAA）, Njali...A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of Aquasap, a commercially manufactured biostimulant from seaweed Kappapphycus alvarezii on some hills and foothills banana varieties namely Robusta （AAA）, Njali poovan （AB）, Red banana （AAA） and Nendran （AAB） by applying at 5% through foliar spray at the 3rd, 5th and 7th month of plantation. Both quantitative and quality data of fruits were analyzed along with vegetative growth of the plants. The seaweed biostimulant was found very effective on increasing the weight and nutritional contents of all four banana varieties tested. The highest yield was found in Robusta with 56.58% over control followed by Njali poovan, Red banana and Nendran with 19.08%, 39.35% and 11.46%, respectively. Yield of fruits per hectare of four varieties treated were 76.96, 19.23, 29.68 and 23.37 metric ton （mt）, respectively. Fruits of treated plants also showed less moisture level as compared to control with 240.61%, 62.30%, 61.68% and 37.18% more carbohydrate, 283.71%, 94.07%, 62.87% and 38.93% higher proteins and 153.02%, 47.37%, 58.73% and 31.48% higher minerals respectively as compare to control plants. Therefore, the simple practice of application of eco-friendly seaweed based biostimulant would benefit small and marginal farmers of banana.展开更多
The methanolic extract of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated against three different cancer cell lines to study for its antiproliferative effect. Lung cancer cell line （NCIH 460）, Colon cancer cell line...The methanolic extract of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated against three different cancer cell lines to study for its antiproliferative effect. Lung cancer cell line （NCIH 460）, Colon cancer cell line （HCT 116） and Glial cell carcinoma （U 251） are the three selected cell lines investigated in this study. Different concentrations of methanol extract （0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00 and 100.00 lag/mL respectively） of Kappaphycus alvarezii were prepared and screened by quantitative MTT （Microculture Tetrazolium） （3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. MTT assay are the colorimetric assay which was applied to assess the viability and proliferation of cancer cells to determine the cytotoxicity of methanol extract ofK. alvarezii. The MTT test is based on the enzymatic reduction of the tetrazolium salt （MTT） to formazon crystals exclusively in living metabolically active cells developed purple color complex which was directly proportional to the viability of cells. To elucidate the in-vitro anticancer activity the Lethal Concentration （LC50）, Growth Inhibition （GI50） and Total Growth Inhibition （TGI） of the extract were investigated individually for each cancer celt line. Analysis of the extract has shown good cytotoxicity in all tested cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 55 μg/mL against NCIH460 and U251, 65 μg/mL for HCT116 respectively. GI50 was found to be 5 μg/mL for NCIH 460 and 10 μg/mL for HCT 116 and U251 cell lines. TGI was 19 μg/mL for NCIH 460, 29 μg/mL for HCT 116 and 25 μg/mL for U 251 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the extract were significantly high in Lung Cancer Cell line （NCIH 460） when compared to Colon Cancer Cell line （HCT 116） and Glial Cell Carcinoma （U251） in the following order NCIH 460 〉 HCT 116 〉 U251.展开更多
The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutr...The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutrients. Kappaphycus contained high amount of ash when compared to U. lactuca. It is revealed that the mercury level in U. lactuca was 0.017 ppm and it was not detected in K. alvarezii. The heavy metal concentration in the selected seaweeds was within the tolerable value reported as quality criteria for edible seaweeds. These seaweeds were also found to be rich sources of vitamin antioxidants namely Vitamin C, total carotenoid, beta carotene, total chlorophyll and polyphenol. The phytochemical screening of the selected seaweeds showed that both seaweeds contained carbohydrates, protein, gums and mulicage, phenols, starch and quinones. Alkaloids was absent in Kappaphycus, saponins was moderate in U. actuca when compared to Kappaphycus. Glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids were absent in both the species. The selected seaweeds also possess antibacterial activity. The selected biomass could be recommended for use in dietaries to combat protein energy malnutrition and in particular micronutrient deficiencies.展开更多
The Cr（III） sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values（2-6） under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10-50 mg/L and the chemical compositions ...The Cr（III） sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values（2-6） under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10-50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd.The Cr（III） sorption capacities were slightly dependent on pH,and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3.The sorption capacities increased with increase in the initial metal concentration,whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu（II） and Cd（III） in the solution.The Cr（III） sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir,Freundlich and BET isotherms.The sorption mechanisms were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The main mechanisms were ion exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism.Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr（III） ion removal from aqueous solution.展开更多
探讨两种干燥方式下卡帕藻对5-氟尿嘧啶所致小鼠肠粘膜损伤的保护作用。将35只Balb/c小鼠随机分为5组:正常组(N)、模型组(M)、5-氨基水杨酸组(5-ASA)、晒干卡帕藻组(SKA)、晾干卡帕藻组(AKA)。采用腹腔注射5-FU构建肠粘膜损伤小鼠模型,...探讨两种干燥方式下卡帕藻对5-氟尿嘧啶所致小鼠肠粘膜损伤的保护作用。将35只Balb/c小鼠随机分为5组:正常组(N)、模型组(M)、5-氨基水杨酸组(5-ASA)、晒干卡帕藻组(SKA)、晾干卡帕藻组(AKA)。采用腹腔注射5-FU构建肠粘膜损伤小鼠模型,每日记录小鼠体量和摄食量。实验结束后,统计胸腺和脾脏指数,观察空肠组织学,统计绒毛(villus)长度、隐窝(crypt)深度及两者比值(V/C值),使用酶联免疫法检测血清中TNF-α和IL-10的含量。研究显示,各受试物组的体重增长率高于M组(-3.30%、-6.19%、-5.09%>-7.50%),且第三天可显著抑制小鼠体重(16.85、16.83、16.76>15.75 g)和摄食量(2.15、2.18、2.19>1.54 g)的降低。5-ASA组(5.92 mg/10 g b.w.)和AKA组(6.81 mg/10 g b.w.)的胸腺指数略高于M组(5.67 mg/10 g b.w.)。组织学分析表明,与M组相比,各受试物组均可改善空肠组织学变化和显著上调绒毛长度(332.58、334.44、350.75>252.09μm)(p<0.01)。另外,5-ASA组(6.39)和AKA组(6.35)的V/C值远高于M组(5.12)(p<0.05)。炎症因子方面,与M组相比,AKA组可显著降低血清TNF-α含量(470.73<580.69 pg/mL)(p<0.05)和提高IL-10含量(306.11>287.41 pg/mL)。因此,两种干燥方式下的卡帕藻均可改善5-FU诱导的小鼠肠粘膜损伤,其中晾干卡帕藻的效果更好。展开更多
基金The National Science Foundation Project under contract No.2007FY210500the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of China under contract No.200805075+2 种基金the Province Science and Technology in the Guangdong Project under contract Nos 2010B060200010 and 2010B020201015the Science Expenditure in the Hainan Project under contract No.11-20410-0015the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41206106 and 41222038
文摘In this study, protoplasts were successfully isolated from Kappaphycus alvarezii using snail enzymes, abalone enzymes and cellulase. The optimum enzymic ratio was fixed to be 20% of abalone enzyme, 12% of cellulase and the osmotic stabilizer was 2.0 mol/L glucose. The optimum enzymic hydrolysis conditions were found to be dark enzymolysis at 30°C continuing for 4.0 h. The resultant density and yield of protoplasts achieved 32.60×10^4 mL-1, 65.20×10^4 g-1 tissue for Kappaphycus alvarezii. Finally, under the temperature of 20°C, light intensity of 1 500–2 000 lx and photoperiod of 12 h/d, two developmental pathways were investigated：（1） callus-like cell mass and regenerated plantlet occurred on protoplast;（2） young shoots and calluslike cell mass occurred in tissue blocks after enzymolysis.
基金supported by UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
文摘To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K. alvarezii) and Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) and to compare the microbial inhibition activities between these two crude extracts.MethodsBoth K. alvarezii and A. paniculata were extracted with methanol before the commencement of antimicrobial properties studies. There were a total of eight species of bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. The antimicrobial activity was tested by disk diffusion method.ResultsCrude extract of K. alvarezii was found not effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, A. paniculata showed higher inhibition towards the growth of Gram-positive bacteria compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Results revealed that Bacillus subtilis was susceptible at lower concentration of A. paniculata crude extract however Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most susceptible towards A. paniculata at higher concentration. Although the inhibition zones produced by the crude extract were smaller than that of the positive control, streptomycin disc, A. paniculata crude extract still can be considered as potential antimicrobial agents either because it is a natural product or the active compound which is yet identified from its crude extract.ConclusionsCrude extract of K. alvarezii has zero inhibition in bacteria growth whereas A. paniculata exerted higher inhibition towards Gram-positive bacteria. The bioactive compounds contained by A. paniculata can be evaluated in order to yield a better vision towards the mode of action.
文摘Seaweeds are not used as much for edible use although many kinds of seaweed are collected in Sri Lanka.The objective of this study was to develop high quality bread using seaweed,Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from Sri Lanka,and wild yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from nectarine in Japan.Dietary fiber in K.alvarezii,Japanese sea weeds,Wakame and Aosa contained 48.1,31.7 and 29.1 g/100 g,respectively.The amount of total organic acid increased in garlic bread compared to bread without garlic.The best swelling properties were evident in the bread with K.alvarezii(0.5%)and garlic.The bread including K.alvarezii increased the fermentative power of wild yeast while the addition of garlic increased the degree of swelling of the dough.In the sensory testing,the bread with K.alvarezii(0.5%)and garlic was favored for the fineness of its texture and had the most preferred texture.It is possible to develop seaweed bread that is rich in dietary fiber and has excellent flavor by adding a suitable amount of garlic during the fermentation process.
文摘A field study was conducted to investigate the effect of Aquasap, a commercially manufactured biostimulant from seaweed Kappapphycus alvarezii on some hills and foothills banana varieties namely Robusta （AAA）, Njali poovan （AB）, Red banana （AAA） and Nendran （AAB） by applying at 5% through foliar spray at the 3rd, 5th and 7th month of plantation. Both quantitative and quality data of fruits were analyzed along with vegetative growth of the plants. The seaweed biostimulant was found very effective on increasing the weight and nutritional contents of all four banana varieties tested. The highest yield was found in Robusta with 56.58% over control followed by Njali poovan, Red banana and Nendran with 19.08%, 39.35% and 11.46%, respectively. Yield of fruits per hectare of four varieties treated were 76.96, 19.23, 29.68 and 23.37 metric ton （mt）, respectively. Fruits of treated plants also showed less moisture level as compared to control with 240.61%, 62.30%, 61.68% and 37.18% more carbohydrate, 283.71%, 94.07%, 62.87% and 38.93% higher proteins and 153.02%, 47.37%, 58.73% and 31.48% higher minerals respectively as compare to control plants. Therefore, the simple practice of application of eco-friendly seaweed based biostimulant would benefit small and marginal farmers of banana.
文摘The methanolic extract of red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii was evaluated against three different cancer cell lines to study for its antiproliferative effect. Lung cancer cell line （NCIH 460）, Colon cancer cell line （HCT 116） and Glial cell carcinoma （U 251） are the three selected cell lines investigated in this study. Different concentrations of methanol extract （0.01, 0.10, 1.00, 10.00 and 100.00 lag/mL respectively） of Kappaphycus alvarezii were prepared and screened by quantitative MTT （Microculture Tetrazolium） （3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. MTT assay are the colorimetric assay which was applied to assess the viability and proliferation of cancer cells to determine the cytotoxicity of methanol extract ofK. alvarezii. The MTT test is based on the enzymatic reduction of the tetrazolium salt （MTT） to formazon crystals exclusively in living metabolically active cells developed purple color complex which was directly proportional to the viability of cells. To elucidate the in-vitro anticancer activity the Lethal Concentration （LC50）, Growth Inhibition （GI50） and Total Growth Inhibition （TGI） of the extract were investigated individually for each cancer celt line. Analysis of the extract has shown good cytotoxicity in all tested cancer cell lines, with an IC50 of 55 μg/mL against NCIH460 and U251, 65 μg/mL for HCT116 respectively. GI50 was found to be 5 μg/mL for NCIH 460 and 10 μg/mL for HCT 116 and U251 cell lines. TGI was 19 μg/mL for NCIH 460, 29 μg/mL for HCT 116 and 25 μg/mL for U 251 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the extract were significantly high in Lung Cancer Cell line （NCIH 460） when compared to Colon Cancer Cell line （HCT 116） and Glial Cell Carcinoma （U251） in the following order NCIH 460 〉 HCT 116 〉 U251.
文摘The study aimed at evaluating the nutrient and nutraceutical potentials of the selected seaweed biomass namely Ulva lactuca and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The selected seaweeds were found to be rich in macro and micronutrients. Kappaphycus contained high amount of ash when compared to U. lactuca. It is revealed that the mercury level in U. lactuca was 0.017 ppm and it was not detected in K. alvarezii. The heavy metal concentration in the selected seaweeds was within the tolerable value reported as quality criteria for edible seaweeds. These seaweeds were also found to be rich sources of vitamin antioxidants namely Vitamin C, total carotenoid, beta carotene, total chlorophyll and polyphenol. The phytochemical screening of the selected seaweeds showed that both seaweeds contained carbohydrates, protein, gums and mulicage, phenols, starch and quinones. Alkaloids was absent in Kappaphycus, saponins was moderate in U. actuca when compared to Kappaphycus. Glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids were absent in both the species. The selected seaweeds also possess antibacterial activity. The selected biomass could be recommended for use in dietaries to combat protein energy malnutrition and in particular micronutrient deficiencies.
基金supported by a Research University Grant from UKM-GUP-NBT-08-27-104
文摘The Cr（III） sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values（2-6） under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10-50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd.The Cr（III） sorption capacities were slightly dependent on pH,and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3.The sorption capacities increased with increase in the initial metal concentration,whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu（II） and Cd（III） in the solution.The Cr（III） sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir,Freundlich and BET isotherms.The sorption mechanisms were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The main mechanisms were ion exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism.Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr（III） ion removal from aqueous solution.
文摘探讨两种干燥方式下卡帕藻对5-氟尿嘧啶所致小鼠肠粘膜损伤的保护作用。将35只Balb/c小鼠随机分为5组:正常组(N)、模型组(M)、5-氨基水杨酸组(5-ASA)、晒干卡帕藻组(SKA)、晾干卡帕藻组(AKA)。采用腹腔注射5-FU构建肠粘膜损伤小鼠模型,每日记录小鼠体量和摄食量。实验结束后,统计胸腺和脾脏指数,观察空肠组织学,统计绒毛(villus)长度、隐窝(crypt)深度及两者比值(V/C值),使用酶联免疫法检测血清中TNF-α和IL-10的含量。研究显示,各受试物组的体重增长率高于M组(-3.30%、-6.19%、-5.09%>-7.50%),且第三天可显著抑制小鼠体重(16.85、16.83、16.76>15.75 g)和摄食量(2.15、2.18、2.19>1.54 g)的降低。5-ASA组(5.92 mg/10 g b.w.)和AKA组(6.81 mg/10 g b.w.)的胸腺指数略高于M组(5.67 mg/10 g b.w.)。组织学分析表明,与M组相比,各受试物组均可改善空肠组织学变化和显著上调绒毛长度(332.58、334.44、350.75>252.09μm)(p<0.01)。另外,5-ASA组(6.39)和AKA组(6.35)的V/C值远高于M组(5.12)(p<0.05)。炎症因子方面,与M组相比,AKA组可显著降低血清TNF-α含量(470.73<580.69 pg/mL)(p<0.05)和提高IL-10含量(306.11>287.41 pg/mL)。因此,两种干燥方式下的卡帕藻均可改善5-FU诱导的小鼠肠粘膜损伤,其中晾干卡帕藻的效果更好。
