Analgesic Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and its Effect on TNF-α and CRP Levels in Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture During Surgical Treatment

Objective:To observe the analgesic effect of combined spinal and epidural anesthesia on older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.Method:One hundred and twenty elderly hip fracture surgery patients treated in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 60 cases in the experimental group and 60 in the control group.The experimental group was given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention measures,while the control group was given epidural anesthesia intervention measures.The analgesic effect,tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP)levels,and other observation indicators were analyzed after anesthesia intervention.Result:After the intervention,the analgesic effect and the evaluation results of the subjects in the experimental group were better than those in the control group(P<0.05);the obtained values of TNF-αand CRP levels in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The combined spinal-epidural anesthesia intervention demonstrated positive outcomes.The analgesic effect of patients during surgery and their inflammatory factor levels improved,which makes this intervention worthy of clinical application and promotion.

黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)、cAMP和脑组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用背部皮下注射干酵母构建大鼠发热模型,SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照,模型组,阳性组(阿司匹林,0.1 g/kg),黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组(160、80、40 mg/kg),连续给药3 d,测定各组大鼠肛温的变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平;Western Blot检测各组大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65(核转录因子-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:黄芩苷高剂量组有显著解热效果(P<0.01),黄芩苷各剂量组均可不同程度降低大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE 2和cAMP含量;与正常组比较,模型组脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达增多,黄芩苷高剂量组可明显降低大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷可显著性降低干酵母引起的体温升高,解热机制可能与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)与cAMP的分泌和减少脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

Estimation of the novel antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects of silymarin in Albino rats and mice

Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with pyrogenic dose of brewer's yeast for the antipyretic test of silymarin. Another group of rats injected with 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution in saline at the subplanter area of the right hind paw for the anti-inflammatory test of silymarin. Another group of mice tested by hot plate method for determination of antinociceptive effect of silymarin. Hyperlipidemia was induced using high fat diet for 2 months to estimate the antihyperlipidemic activity of silymarin. Results: Silymarin showed a significant antipyretic effect of both doses(50 and 100 mg/kg) compared with control untreated group. Moreover, silymarin elucidated a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both doses reflected on the decrease of the rat paw edema every hour interval for 4 h after administration in comparison with control positive group. By the same taken, both doses of silymarine revealed a significant antinociceptive action in hot plate method at 30 and 60 min post administration. Besides, it lowered significantly the serum levels of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta after 2 h of silymarin administration in carrageenan induced rat paw edema besides the significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein after 2 weeks of silymarin administration. Conclusions: These outcomes delivered a new vision into the possible pharmacological mechanisms by which silymarin advances antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects.

The antipyretic effects of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid

Backgroud:To verify the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid,and to provide evidence for the clinical application of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid.Methods:By designing three groups of experimental models of yeast-induced rat fever model,endotoxin-induced rabbit fever model,and para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,the antipyretic effect and mechanism of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were studied by measuring body temperature before and after treatment and the expressions of protein kinase A(PKA),protein kinase C,arginine vasopressin(AVP),prostaglandin E2 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)in hypothalamus after administration.Results:In the yeast-induced fever model of rats,the body temperature and PKA expression levels in different dose groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid were significantly different from those of the model group 1–3 h after treatment.In the rabbit fever model induced by endotoxin,different dosage groups of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid have obvious antipyretic effect on 1–3 h after the model is established,and can significantly reduce the expression of AVP and cAMP in hypothalamus.In the para-influenza virus-induced rabbit fever model,each dose group of Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has obvious antipyretic effect on 1–2 h after the model is established.Conclusion:Chai Ge fever relief oral liquid has good antipyretic effect on fever models induced by yeast,endotoxin and parainfluenza by regulating the expression of PKA,AVP,and cAMP.

Antipyretic Effect and Action Mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid

[Objectives]To investigate the antipyretic effect and action mechanism of Jinzhen Oral Liquid.[Methods]The yeast-induced fever model was used to determine the rectal temperature of rats at 6,8,and 10 h after yeast injection.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-αin the rat serum and the contents of 5-HT and NE in the hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay;the model of yeast-induced fever in rat was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),rectal temperature of the rats was determined,the contents of TNF-αand IL-1βin serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and prostaglandin E2(PGE2)in hypothalamus were detected by radioimmunoassay.[Results]After the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the body temperature of rats in the yeast-induced fever model was significantly reduced,the IL-6 and TNF-αcontents in serum were significantly reduced,the 5-HT content in the hypothalamus was significantly reduced,while the NE content was significantly increased;after 2 h of intraperitoneal injection of LPS,the body temperature of the model rats increased significantly;after the intervention of Jinzhen Oral Liquid,the increase in rectal temperature of LPS-induced fever model rats decreased,and the TNF-αand IL-1βcontents in serum and cAMP and PGE2 contents in hypothalamus of model rats were significantly decreased.[Conclusions]Jinzhen Oral Liquid has a significant antipyretic effect,and its action mechanism may be related to reducing the inflammatory factors in the serum,thereby inhibiting the generation of pyrogenic media in the hypothalamus.

ANTIPYRETIC ACTION OF MOXIBUSTION AND ITS RELATION WITH ACUPOINT RECEPTORS

In our previous study, we observed that there was a close relation between the therapeutic effect and the warm receptors (WRs) or polymodal receptors (PRs). In accordance with the most sensitivity of WRs and the thermal threshold value, we used computer controlled projector light at a constant temperature 40°C and 47°C to irradiate (moxibustion) Dazhui (GV 14) and Baihui (GV 20) (it is located between the spines of the 7th lumbar vertebra and the its sacral vertebra in the rabbit) and observed its antipyretic action on fever induced by intravenous injection of endotoxin in the rabbit. Results showed that this kind of moxibustion at 40°C had no significant effect while that at 47°C had a very striking antipyretic effect, indicating that the antipyretic effect of moxibustion is mediated primarily by PRs. This fact also provides an important experimental evidence for moxibustion treatment of heat syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

不同粒径石膏煎液对大鼠的退热作用研究

本试验旨在探究不同粒径石膏水煎液对发热大鼠的退热效果。选取体质量约200 g的SPF雄性SD大鼠63只,适养结束后,除空白对照组(C组)外,其余大鼠均按照10 mL/kg体质量注射20%酵母悬液,注射后2 h测定肛温,将造模成功大鼠54只随机分为9组,即模型组(M组)、普通石膏煎液混悬液组(PH组)、普通石膏煎液上清液组(PQ组)、微米级石膏煎液混悬液组(WH组)、微米级石膏煎液上清液组(WQ组)、纳米级石膏煎液高剂量组(NG组)、纳米级石膏煎液中剂量组(NZ组)、纳米级石膏煎液低剂量组(ND组)、布洛芬口服混悬液阳性对照组(YD组)。给予相应药物后连续6 h观测肛温。采用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清中发热相关激素与细胞因子水平以及大鼠下丘脑中发热相关激素水平。结果显示,给药后1 h,YD组大鼠体温显著低于M组(P<0.05),给药后1~6 h YD组显示出良好退热作用,给药后5~6 h,退热效果减弱;PQ组和WQ组无明显退热作用;PH组、WH组、NG组、NZ组和ND组发热大鼠有不同程度退热,其退热作用发挥于给药后5 h;给药后6 h,NG组退热作用优于布洛芬混悬液;相较于C组,M组和各治疗组大鼠内生性致热原水平显著提高(P<0.05),发热中枢调节介质水平出现显著性变化(P<0.05);相较于M组,各治疗组大鼠发热均有不同程度的改善。结果提示,各粒径石膏煎液对大鼠发热均有不同程度的改善作用,其中以PH组和NG组效果最佳,其机制为降低发热的内生性致热原水平和调节中枢调节介质水平,从而降低体温。

以大黄调节AQP2效应探讨“泄热”的机制研究

目的探讨大黄对阳明病肠热腑实证大鼠的退热效应及对结肠与肾脏组织AQP2表达的调节效应,揭示大黄“泄热”作用的可能机制。方法将50只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组(阳明病肠热腑实证)、大黄水煎液高、中、低剂量组。观察大鼠一般情况并于造模前后、隔日测大鼠肛温、计算粪便干湿重;采用炭粉指示液观察肠推进率;ELISA法检测大鼠血浆及脑脊液中AVP含量;HE法观察肾脏与结肠病理改变;免疫荧光法检测结肠与肾脏AQP2的分布及表达情况。结果与空白组比较,阳明病肠热腑实证大鼠1、3、5、7 d肛温升高(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01)、肠推进率降低、粪水含量降低(P<0.01,P<0.01)、血浆及脑脊液中体温负调节介质AVP含量显著降低(P<0.01,P<0.01);给予大黄水煎液治疗后,肛温明显降低,肠推进率、粪水含量显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.05),血浆及脑脊液中AVP含量明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.05),同时结肠与肾组织病理显著改善、结肠与肾组织AQP2表达明显降低,水排出增多、重吸收减少,提示大黄可通过利尿“利尿”与“泻下”退热。结论大黄可以显著性降低阳明病肠热腑实证大鼠的体温升高,可能通过升高血浆及脑脊液中体温负调节介质AVP含量,同时降低结肠与肾脏AQP2表达,具体机制需进一步研究证实。

Therapeutic effect of Captopril on rheumatoid arthritis in rats

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of the intervention treatment with different doses of Captopril on TNF-α contents in serum of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) rats,and to provide the theoretical proofs for clinical application of Captopril in treatments ol rheumatoid diseases.Methods:Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,namely.Group A,Group 13.Group C.Group D,Group E with 10 rats in each group.Injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant was employed to establish adjuvant-induced arthritis model in rats.Group A was model group;after model establishment,rats were treated with 20 mL normal saline as placebo(ip.).Rats in Group B were treated with 8 mg/kg cyclophosphamide(ip.).Rats in Group C.D and E were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg.100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg Captopril respectively.Rats in each group were subjected to continuous treatment for 3 weeks,and then sacrificed.Eyeballs of rats were excised and blood was collected.TNF- α content in serum were detected using ELISA:each group rats were compared for the hind legs arthrocele.Right ankle tissues of rats were collected to prepare section,and microscopic observation of pathological changes was performed.Results:TNF- α content in serum of Group A rats was significantly higher than that of rats in other 4 groups(P【0.05).TNF- α content in serum of Group B rats was significantly lower compared with that of rats in Groups C.D and E.The highest TNF- α content in serum of rats treated with Captopril was found in Group C,followed by Groups D and E(P【0.05).Right ankle arthrocele of rats in Groups B.C.D and E in early stage showed no statistical difference compared with that of Group A rats(P】0.05).From Day 8,ankle arthrocele of rats in Groups B.C.D and E was obviously relieved compared with that of Group A rats:the anti-inflammatory effects were gradually enhanced with the extension of medication time.Treatments of Groups C.D and E showed significant activities against tardive aithrocele:the degree of ankle arthrocele in rats of these three groups was lower than that of Group A rats(P【0.01).Histological observation showed that large amount of inflammatory cells and plasmocyte infiltration was found in ankle synovial tissues of Group A rats.Relief of hyperaemia and edema of right ankle synovial tissues as well as significant decrease in synoviocyte layer hyperplasia,intra—articular inflammatory cells infiltration and cartilage articularis damage degree etc.were observed in Groups B.C.D and E.Conclusions:Intervention treatment with Captopril can effectively reduce the TNF- α content in serum of rheumatoid arthritis rats and inhibit the generation of inflammatory factors,so as to achieve the therapeutic effect.

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction from Disporum cantoniense （Lour.） Merr. in LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells

Aim To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol fraction prepared from Disporum cantoniense （Lour.） Merr. 70% ethanol extract with a cellular model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanol fraction （25,50 and 100 g · L^-1 ） and stimu- the conditioned media was collected and analyzed. The quantity of ni- lated with LPS （10 μg· L^-1） for 24 hours, tric oxide （NO） was assayed by Griess reagent. The production of inflammatory mediators was determined by en- zyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, such as prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）, tumor necrosis factor ot （TNF-ot） interleukin- 1 β （IL-1 β） and interleukin 6 （IL-6） in cell supernatant. The concentrations of inflammatory medi- 9 ators were calculated according to the standard curves generated by each of the recombinant cytokines provided with LPS can induce RAW264.7 cells to promote the pro- the ELISA kits. Results Compared with the control group, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Compared with the duction of inflammatory mediators （P 〈 0.01 ） , including NO, PGE2, model group, ethanol fraction significantly suppressed LPS induced release of inflammatory mediators such as nitric NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in a good dose dependent manner （P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Eth- anol fraction could significantly inhibit the production of LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells, and its anti-inflammatory effect may be related to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6. These results demonstrate that the ethanol fraction is the bioactive component of Disporum can- toniense （Lour.） Merr. , and the ethanol fraction will be further developed as a herbal remedy for preventive and/ or curative purposes in various inflammatory diseases.

布洛芬混悬液抑菌效力的研究与质量分析

目的:通过分析2021年国家评价性抽验工作,考察市售布洛芬混悬液的抑菌效力,了解产品的质量情况同时查找风险点。方法:采用《中国药典》2020年版四部通则<1121>抑菌效力检查法对市售的7个企业的产品进行抑菌效力测定。结果:只有1家企业的布洛芬混悬液抑菌效力不符合规定。对影响抑菌效力的因素进行分析探讨,发现pH设定可影响抑菌效力。结论:建议结合处方,对现行产品标准中的pH值进行重新考察,修订一个合理的pH范围,提高产品用药安全。

8种建昌帮法栀子炮制品解热、抗炎、镇痛、止血药效比较

目的:研究比较8种建昌帮法栀子炮制品解热、抗炎、镇痛、止血药效作用。方法:分别复制家兔内毒素发热模型、小鼠耳廓二甲苯炎症模型、小鼠醋酸扭体疼痛模型。灌胃给予8种建昌帮法栀子炮制品,测定家兔体温、小鼠耳廓肿胀度及抑制率、小鼠扭体反应次数及抑制率;测定小鼠凝血时间。在各组间进行统计比较。结果:8种建昌帮法栀子炮制品对内毒素所致发热模型家兔均有解热作用(P<0.01;P<0.05),生栀子的解热作用强于炒栀子、姜栀子和焦栀子;生栀仁的解热作用强于生栀皮(P<0.05);炒栀仁的解热作用强于炒栀皮(P<0.05)。8种栀子炮制品对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓炎症均有抑制作用(P<0.01),各栀子炮制品组之间未见显著差异。8种栀子炮制品对醋酸致小鼠扭体反应均有抑制作用(P<0.01;P<0.05),炒栀子、姜栀子和焦栀子的镇痛作用强于生栀子(P<0.05)。焦栀子可明显缩短小鼠凝血时间(P<0.01),其他7种栀子炮制品无此作用。结论:8种建昌帮法栀子炮制品的解热、抗炎、镇痛、止血药效作用存在差异,临床应注意选择使用。

小儿退热口服液抑菌效力的测定研究

目的:测定和评价小儿退热口服液抑菌体系的有效性。方法:参考《中国药典》2020年版第四部1121抑菌效力检查法,增加不同来源的洋葱伯克霍尔德菌为挑战菌,确定小儿退热口服液的菌落计数方法,以测定不同时间点的存活菌落数并换算成lg值,建立了小儿退热口服液的抑菌效力检查方法。结果:小儿退热口服液抑菌体系对细菌类抑菌效果良好,对真菌类,有6批抑菌效果达不到《中国药典》2020年版要求。结论:抑菌效力不符合要求的小儿退热口服液存在一定的微生物污染风险,生产企业应建立完善的抑菌体系,以保证小儿退热口服液在有效期内微生物数量符合药典要求。

星点设计-效应面法优化柴胡和白芍配伍比例和提取工艺

目的基于成分含量变化、解热抗炎活性、体外肝损伤等指标优化柴胡和白芍配伍比例和提取工艺,为临床合理用药提供数据支持。方法以柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d、柴胡皂苷c、对2,4-二硝基苯酚致热大鼠模型的解热作用、对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀抗炎作用、体外肝损伤情况为评价指标,使用星点设计效应面法进行试验,运用多指标综合评分法,分别以柴胡和白芍剂量为因素,优选其配伍比例;以乙醇浓度、溶剂倍数及提取时间为因素,优化提取工艺。根据星点设计试验结果优选的最佳配伍比例(柴胡10 g,白芍10 g)放大10倍量后进行柴胡和白芍配伍比例模型验证,按照最佳提取工艺,选取8倍量90%的乙醇,提取2次,每次90 min进行柴胡和白芍提取工艺模型验证。结果柴胡配伍白芍后可不同程度改变柴胡中指标成分含量、降低2,4-二硝基苯酚致热大鼠温度、改善二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀炎症、降低对人正常肝L02细胞抑制率、降低细胞上清LDH含量。针对星点设计-配伍比例拟合的二项式方程为:Y=0.100+0.020X 1-0.207X 2+0.116X 12+0.081X 22+0.088X 1X 2,r=0.9765;针对星点设计-提取工艺拟合的二项式方程:Y′=0.636+0.111X′1+0.048X′2+0.055X′3-0.037X′12+0.028 X′22-0.088X′32-0.004X′1X′2-0.022X′1X′3-0.029X′2X′3,r=0.9231。最终确定配伍最佳比例范围为:柴胡10~15 g,白芍10~15 g;提取工艺参数范围为:乙醇浓度85%~95%,溶剂倍数7~9,提取时间80~100 min,提取2次。模型外验证结果显示3份样本偏差绝对值均小于3%,说明模型可靠。结论柴胡配伍白芍后对柴胡中指标成分提出率有一定影响,同时增强柴胡的解热抗炎活性,降低柴胡的体外肝损伤。实验优选的柴胡配伍白芍的配伍比例和提取工艺参数,可最大限度地增加柴胡活性、降低其肝损伤,为临床合理用药提供数据支持。

基于网络药理学和体内实验研究桂枝解热的作用机制

目的:运用生物信息技术分析探讨广西“桂十味”之一桂枝解热的关键靶点及相关信号通路作用机制,同时采用动物实验加以验证。方法:利用TCMSP筛选桂枝的主要活性成分,PharmMapper反向对接预测活性成分的作用靶点;通过Gene Cards、CTD和OMIM数据库预测发热相关靶点;通过交集映射得到桂枝和发热的共同靶点,利用Cytoscape 3.8.0软件建立调控网络和蛋白互作网络;对交集靶点进行GO生物功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析。最后通过整体动物、生化、ELISA法验证网络药理学富集分析结果。结果:筛选出桂枝8个活性成分及其228个预测靶点,发热相关靶点12 882个,共同靶点213个,包括ALB、AKT1、SRC、EGFR、HSP90AA1等,KEGG分析结果富集出花生四烯酸代谢信号通路、PPAR信号通路、NF-κB信号通路等。验证性实验结果表明,桂枝对酵母诱导发热6~8 h大鼠的体温变化值(△T)、最大发热净增值(△Tmax)及8 h体温反应指数(TRI8h)降低(均P<0.05);呈剂量依赖性显著降低因酵母诱导发热大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6和PGE2等外周内源性致热致炎因子水平异常升高(P<0.01);高剂量桂枝能显著降低发热大鼠脑组织中IL-1β和PGE2等中枢内源性致热致炎因子水平异常升高(P<0.01),而中、低剂量桂枝仅能明显降低异常升高的IL-1β水平(均P<0.05),对异常升高的PGE2无显著影响(P>0.05);高、中剂量桂枝能显著降低发热大鼠脑组织中COX-1、COX-2、PGDH1/15-PGDH活性异常升高(均P<0.05),而低剂量桂枝能明显降低异常升高的COX-1、COX-2活性(均P<0.05),对异常升高的PGDH1/15-PGDH活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:桂枝对酵母诱导的发热具有一定解热作用,其作用机制与其减弱花生四烯酸-PGE2合成和分解途径中COX-1、COX-2、PGDH1/15-PGDH等关键酶的活性,以及降低中枢和外周的IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6和PGE2水平有关。

Antipyretic Effects of Liposoluble Fractions of Viola yedoensis

Objective To clarify the antipyretic effect of the Chinese materia medica, Violae Herba （Viola yedoensis）, and its active fractions by examining the effects of V. yedoensis extracts with differing polarities on body temperature, total white blood cell （WBC） count, WBC differential count, and total serum complement of rabbits with lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced fever. Methods The rabbits were treated with water and ethanolic extracts of V. yedoensis, as well as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ethanolic extract at low-, mid- and high- doses. The LPS was injected via the ear vein of rabbits in model and treatment groups 30 min post-gavage. Their body temperature was measured at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 h after the LPS challenge to calculate the temperature changes and thermal response index. After the last temperature measurement, blood samples were collected to determine the blood cell counts and total serum complement （CHs0） level. Results Compared with the model group, body temperature was significantly lower in the low-dose ethanolic extract group, low- and mid-dose petroleum ether fraction groups, and all three ethyl acetate fraction groups. Serum CHs0 levels were lower in all treatment groups, except the ethanolic extract groups, than that in the model group, with no significant difference. V. yedoensis had no significant effect on the blood cells of febrile rabbits challenged with LPS for 6 h. Conclusion The antipyretic effects of V. yedoensis are strong, and its active fractions are the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extract.

LPS致家兔发热模型的建立及用于壮瑶药解热活性成分筛选

通过静脉注射不同剂量内毒素(LPS),评价LPS所致家兔发热模型的最佳剂量。造模后1 h,所有提取物、壮瑶药活性单体进行给药。使用智能热原仪测量LPS家兔的肛温变化,并计算肛温增长值、变化率和每个时间点解热积分及各供试品的解热总积分。结果表明,注射LPS 1 h后,所有家兔肛温均比基础肛温升高0.8~3.0℃,模型组家兔在造模后肛温维持高温状态,未见明显改变。与模型组比较,7种壮瑶药的提取物均有1个或以上时间点肛温变化率显著降低,按解热总积分大小排序表现为蝙蝠草醇提物>旱田草水部位提取物>白子菜水提物>火炭母醇提物>旱田草石油醚部位提取物>拳卷地钱醇提物>兰香草水提物>旱田草正丁醇部位提取物>铁皮石斛榨汁。13种壮瑶药的活性单体均有1个或以上时间点肛温变化率显著降低,按解热总积分大小排序表现为山奈酚>川陈皮素>橙皮苷>异槲皮素>芹菜素>槲皮素>紫云英苷>没食子酸>醋酸洗必泰>鞣花酸>绿原酸>木犀草素>金合欢素。在本试验条件下,确定LPS复制家兔发热模型的最佳剂量为4.0μg/kg;7种壮瑶药提取物和13种壮瑶药活性单体有良好的解热作用。

香砂纯露对酵母所致发热大鼠解热作用的可行性分析

发高烧超出了人类所能承受的极限,是一种危险的危及生命的症状,在全球有高死亡率。复制酵母致大鼠发热模型,分析香砂滴露的解热作用及机制。发热模型通过颈背部皮下注射20%酵母混悬液(3 g/kg)建立,经过合理分析,认为酵母复制发烧模型的方法,可操作性强、模型成功率高,并且香砂滴露具有潜在的解热功效。

小儿柴桂退热口服液对发热模型大鼠的退热作用和机制研究

目的:研究小儿柴桂退热口服液对酵母发热模型大鼠的退热作用机制。方法:将45只雄性SD大鼠皮下注射20%酵母混悬液,制备酵母发热模型大鼠,通过随机数字表随机分为模型组、布洛芬组、柴桂低剂量组、柴桂中剂量组、柴桂高剂量组,每组9只,模型组给予0.75 mL/kg剂量生理盐水溶液灌胃,布洛芬组给予0.75 mL/kg剂量右旋布洛芬口服混悬液灌胃,柴桂各剂量组分别给予1.25 mL/kg、2.5 mL/kg、5 mL/kg剂量小儿柴桂退热口服液灌胃;另取9只未造模大鼠为空白组,给予0.75 mL/kg剂量生理盐水溶液灌胃。给药1 h、2 h后,比较各组大鼠体温变化情况;给药2 h后,比较各组大鼠血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、一氧化氮(NO)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量及下丘脑前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)含量。结果:与模型组比较,治疗1 h、2 h后各给药组大鼠体温升高幅度均有所降低,且随着时间延长体温下降趋势越显著。与模型组比较,布洛芬组、柴桂各剂量组大鼠IL-1β、NO、MOP含量以及PGE_(2)、cAMP含量均显著降低(均P<0.01);柴桂各剂量组的效应强度与剂量均正相关,但均弱于布洛芬组。结论:小儿柴桂退热口服液能够降低酵母发热模型大鼠的体温升高,且退热作用较为温和;其作用机制与抑制血清炎症介质IL-1β、NO、MOP的生成与释放,减少下丘脑发热中枢PGE_(2)、cAMP的合成与释放有关。

新加香薷饮抗炎和解热作用研究

目的:研究新加香薷饮的抗炎、解热作用。方法:用角叉菜胶致SD大鼠炎症模型、干酵母致SD大鼠发热模型。观察新加香薷饮对大鼠足肿胀度、解热作用及其对血清中TNF-α、IL-6及下丘脑组织5-HT、NE含量。结果:抗炎作用,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠右后足跖肿胀明显增加;与模型组比较,新加香薷饮8.05 g/kg组对大鼠足跖肿胀程度有明显的减轻(P<0.05)。解热作用,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-6及下丘脑组织中5-HT含量均明显升高(P<0.05),下丘脑组织中NE含量明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,阳性组、新加香薷饮8.05 g/kg组、新加香薷饮4.05 g/kg组大鼠血清中TNF-α含量均明显降低(P<0.05),阳性组及新加香薷饮8.05 g/kg组血清中IL-6含量均明显降低(P<0.05),新加香薷饮8.05 g/kg组大鼠下丘脑中5-HT含量及阳性组大鼠下丘脑中NE含量明显降低(P<0.05),其余各组无明显变化。结论:新加香薷饮有良好的抗炎、解热作用,其机制可能是通过抑制炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6的合成与释放,下调下丘脑组织中5-HT含量和上调下丘脑组织中NE含量,进而使单胺类神经递质保持平衡,降低体温及产热量,起到解热效果。