Clinical efficacy and mechanism study of mid-frequency anti-snoring device in treating moderate obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is primarily caused by airway obstruction due to narrowing and blockage in the nasal and nasopha-ryngeal,oropharyngeal,soft palate,and tongue base areas.The mid-frequency anti-snoring device is a new technology based on sublingual nerve stimulation.Its principle is to improve the degree of oropharyngeal airway stenosis in OSAHS patients under mid-frequency wave stimulation.Nevertheless,there is a lack of clinical application and imaging evidence.METHODS We selected 50 patients diagnosed with moderate OSAHS in our hospital between July 2022 and August 2023.They underwent a 4-wk treatment regimen involving the mid-frequency anti-snoring device during nighttime sleep.Following the treatment,we monitored and assessed the sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores.Additionally,we performed computed tomo-graphy scans of the oropharynx in the awake state,during snoring,and while using the mid-frequency anti-snoring device.Cross-sectional area measurements in different states were taken at the narrowest airway point in the soft palate posterior and retrolingual areas.RESULTS Compared to pretreatment measurements,patients exhibited a significant reduction in the apnea-hypopnea index,the percentage of time with oxygen saturation below 90%,snoring frequency,and the duration of the most prolonged apnea event.The lowest oxygen saturation showed a notable increase,and both sleep apnea quality of life index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores improved.Oropharyngeal computed tomography scans revealed that in OSAHS patients cross-sectional areas of the oropharyngeal airway in the soft palate posterior area and retrolingual area decreased during snoring compared to the awake state.Conversely,during mid-frequency anti-snoring device treatment,these areas increased compared to snoring.CONCLUSION The mid-frequency anti-snoring device demonstrates the potential to enhance various sleep parameters in patients with moderate OSAHS,thereby improving their quality of life and reducing daytime sleepiness.These therapeutic effects are attributed to the device’s ability to ameliorate the narrowing of the oropharynx in OSAHS patients.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome immunological relationship

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)is a complex disorder cha-racterized by symptoms resulting from intermittent hypoxia and hypopnea,with research indicating a crucial role of immune system dysregulation and genetic variations in its pathogenesis.A recent Zhao et al study utilizes Mendelian ran-domization analysis to explore the causal relationship between immune cell characteristics and OSAHS.The study identifies specific lymphocyte subsets as-sociated with OSAHS,providing valuable insights into the disease's pathophy-siology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.The findings underscore the significance of genetic and immunological factors in sleep disorders,offering a fresh perspective on OSAHS's complexities.Compared to existing literature,Zhao et al's study stands out for its focus on genetic markers and specific immune responses associated with OSAHS,expanding upon previous research primarily centered on systemic inflammation.In conclusion,the study represents a signi-ficant advancement in the field,shedding light on the causal role of immune cells in OSAHS and paving the way for future research and targeted treatments.

Forced Inspiratory Flow Volume Curve in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSA) is a disease of obstructive apnea or hypopnea caused by a repeated partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The inspiratory part of the flow-volume curve (F-V curve) can be used as an auxiliary means to evaluate upper airway obstruction in adults. This study is to evaluate the ability of the F-V curve to predict the OSA and explore inspiratory indicators related to airway obstruction during sleep. Methods: There were 332 patients included in this cross-sectional study, who were accompanied by snoring, daytime sleepiness and other symptoms, with suspicion of OSA. According to the nocturnal polysomnography, the subjects were distributed into mild to moderate OSA group, severe OSA group and non-OSA group. A pulmonary function test was used to collect the subjects’ spirometry and F-V curves. Results: There was no significant difference in a variety of indices derived from the F-V curve between OSA and normal subjects, including 25% inspiratory flow rate, middle inspiratory flow rate, 75% inspiratory flow rate, peak flow rate, and forced inspiratory flow rate in the first second. The pulmonary function parameters were significantly correlated with the weight, age and sex of the subjects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the inspiratory curve of pulmonary function cannot evaluate the upper airway abnormalities in patients with obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome.

Intermittent hypoxia is involved in gut microbial dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)has been recognized as a comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);more than half of T2DM patients suffer from OSAHS.Intermittent hypoxia(IH)plays an important role in metabolic diseases,such as obesity and OSAHS,through various mechanisms,including altering the gut microecological composition and function.Therefore,it is important to study the role of gut microbiota in T2DM patients with OSAHS,which has a high incidence and is prone to several complications.AIM To assess whether IH is involved in altering the fecal microbiome in T2DM patients with OSAHS.METHODS Seventy-eight participants were enrolled from Henan Province People’s Hospital and divided into healthy control(HC,n=26),T2DM(n=25),and T2DM+OSA(n=27)groups based on their conditions.The fecal bacterial DNA of the research participants was extracted and subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing.The clinical indices,such as insulin resistance index,homocysteine(HCY)concentration,and the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood,were assessed and recorded.RESULTS Group T2DM+OSA had the highest apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)(2.3 vs 3.7 vs 13.7),oxygen desaturation index(0.65 vs 2.2 vs 9.1),HCY concentration(9.6μmol/L vs 10.3μmol/L vs 13.81μmol/L)and C-reactive protein(CRP)concentrations(0.3 mg/L vs 1.43 mg/L vs 2.11 mg/L),and lowest mean oxygen saturation(97.05%vs 96.6%vs 94.7%)among the three groups.Twelve and fifteen key differences in amplicon sequence variants were identified when comparing group T2DM+OSA with groups T2DM and HC,respectively.We found progressively decreased levels of Faecalibacterium,Eubacterium,and Lachnospiraceae,and an increase in the level of Actinomyces,which strongly correlated with the HCY,CRP,fasting plasma glucose,and hemoglobin A1c concentrations,AHI,mean oxygen saturation,and insulin resistance index in group T2DM+OSA(P<0.05).CONCLUSION For T2DM patients with OSAHS,IH may be involved in selective alterations of the gut microbiota,which may affect the pathophysiological development of T2DM and DM-related complications.

Effect of motivational interviewing on postoperative weight control in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

BACKGROUND Obesity is an important factor to cause the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Higher body mass index(BMI)often results in more severe OSAHS.Currently,the common measures for controlling the weight mainly include diet control,increase exercise and so on.Motivational interviewing(MI)could explore the patient’s internal state and make the patient realize his/her ambivalence,resulting in the change in his/her behavior.This process emphasizes respecting the patient’s autonomy.AIM To evaluate the effect of MI on the weight control of patients with OSAHS.METHODS A randomized controlled study was conducted in 100 obese OSAHS patients undergoing surgical treatment at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University.The patients were divided into an intervention group and a control group,with 50 cases each.The control group was given routine health education after the operation;in addition to the regular health education,the intervention group was given MI according to a predetermined plan.Obesity-related indicators,postoperative complications,and the sleep status of both groups were evaluated before and 6 mo after the intervention.RESULTS Patients in the intervention group had significantly improved body weight,BMI,and waist and neck circumferences compared with patients in the control group(P<0.05).Regarding complications at 6 mo after operation,the incidence of cough and reflux in patients in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).In addition,the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Self-Rating Scale of Sleep scores of patients in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the sleep status of patients in the intervention group was improved(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MI intervention has a significant advantage over postoperative routine health education.It can greatly change the lifestyle,further control the postoperative weight,reduce the occurrence of complications,improve the quality of sleep,and improve long-term postoperative efficacy in OSAHS patients.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Ssyndrome and Hearing in Children

Objective To explore the relationship between hypoxemia and hearing in children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. Methods Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 68 ears and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in 60 ears in children with OSAHS and type "A" tym-panograms, and in 30 ears in normal children. Results ABR latencies of waves I, III and V, and I-III, III-V and I-V intervals were not statistically different between OSAHS and normal children. Wave I latency was delayed in children with OSAHS compared to normal children3 (P < 0.05). DPOAE amplitudes in children with mild OSAHS were lower than normal children at 8 kHz (P < 0.05). DPOAEs were lower at 6 kHz and 8 kHz in children with moderate/severe OSAHS than normal children (P < 0.05). Conclusion Cochlear function was affected when AHI was at or greater than 10/hour. ABR and DPOAE can be used to detect early changes in auditory function in children with OSAHS.

Relation between Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and Glaucoma in a Sub-Saharan African Population

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a frequent pathology worldwide whose main mechanism is a complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms described in primary open-angle glaucoma is that hypoxia in the optic nerve progressively destroys the retinal cells leading to the onset and/or aggravation of glaucoma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of OSA in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. Methodology: An analytical study was conducted from January to May 2020 at the UHC. After obtaining ethical clearance, 112 patients including 50 glaucoma patients (44.64%) and 62 in the control group were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the medical records of the participants, with or without glaucoma, and a questionnaire was administered and a clinical examination performed. The STOP BANG score was used to determine the risk level of OSAHS. Statistical analyses were performed using Epi Info version 7.2. Results: A female predominance was found (60%) in the glaucoma group with a mean age of 55 ± 17 years against 49 ± 18 years in the control group. The high risk of OSAHS was more associated with glaucoma patients. In glaucoma patients, an association was found between high risk of OSAHS and snoring (OR = [1.43 - 849.53];p = 0.029) as well as insomnia (OR = [1.36 - 482.86];p = 0.030). Conclusion: High risk of OSAHS was found in participants with chronic open-angle glaucoma. Signs of OSAHS should be sought in chronic open-angle glaucoma as it may be a factor in its progression.

Characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome combined with cerebral infarction

Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of glucolipid metabolism as well as atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) combined with cerebral infarction.Methods:Patients who were treated in the hospital due to acute cerebral infarction between March 2015 and February 2018 were selected, and according to the combination of OSAHS, the 300 patients with cerebral infarction were divided into the cerebral infarction group A who were combined with OSAHS and the cerebral infarction group B who were not combined with OSAHS;the 100 cases of healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of glucolipid metabolism indexes, cytokines and plaque hydrolysis molecules in serum were determined.Results: Serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A and cerebral infarction group B were significantly higher than those of control group whereas HDL-C levels were significantly lower than that of control group;serum F-Ins, TC, LDL-C, VE-cadherin, YKL-40, FKN, M-CSF, MCP-1, MMP9, Caspase-3, ICTP and VCAM-1 levels of cerebral infarction group A were significantly higher than those of cerebral infarction group B whereas HDL-C level was significantly lower than that of cerebral infarction group B.Conclusion: There are more significant glucolipid metabolism disorder and worse plaque stability in patients with OSAHS combined with cerebral infarction.

鼻腔扩容术联合腭咽成形术治疗伴鼻塞症状阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效

目的:探讨鼻腔扩容术联合腭咽成形术治疗伴鼻塞症状阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法:选取80例伴鼻塞症状OSAHS患者为研究对象,根据手术方式不同分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组患者实施单纯腭咽成形术治疗;观察组患者实施鼻腔扩容术联合腭咽成形术治疗,术后随访6个月。比较两组患者临床疗效、鼻腔通气功能[鼻腔阻力、鼾声指数及鼻呼吸总量]、睡眠呼吸指标[呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低动脉血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、深睡眠比例及觉醒指数、Epwoeth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分]及生活质量[魁北克睡眠问卷(QSQ)评分]。结果:观察组患者临床总有效率高于对照组(92.50%vs.75.00%,P<0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组患者鼻腔阻力、鼾声指数、AHI、觉醒指数及ESS评分均降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);鼻呼吸总量、LSaO_(2)、SpO_(2)、深睡眠比例、QSQ各维度评分及总分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:鼻腔扩容术联合腭咽成形术是一种治疗伴鼻塞症状OSAHS的有效方式,可改善患者鼻腔通气功能及睡眠呼吸参数,提升生活质量。

腺样体扁桃体切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患儿 免疫 功能及睡眠结构的影响

目的探讨腺样体扁桃体切除术对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患儿免疫功能及睡眠结构的影响。方法选择2020年11月至2022年6月在郑州大学附属儿童医院治疗的94例OSAHS患儿为观察组,另选择同期在本院体检的健康儿童80例作为对照组。观察组患儿均采用双侧扁桃体完整切除术联合鼻内镜下腺样体切除术。采用多导睡眠监测系统检测观察组患儿术前及出院时睡眠结构变化。观察组患儿于术前、术后1个月及术后6个月,对照组于体检日抽取静脉血,采用免疫比浊法测定血清中IgA、IgG和IgM水平,流式细胞仪检测血浆中CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)细胞百分比,并计算CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)。结果与术前比较,观察组患儿出院时非快速眼动睡眠(NREM)1期比例、呼吸暂停低通气指数和阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数降低,NREM 2期比例、NREM 3期比例、快速眼动睡眠(REM)比例、睡眠效率和最低血氧饱和度增加,REM时间延长(P<0.05)。观察组患儿术前血清IgA、IgG及IgM水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患儿术后1个月血清IgA、IgG及IgM水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患儿术后6个月血清IgA、IgG及IgM水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患儿术后1、6个月血清IgA、IgG及IgM水平显著低于术前(P<0.05),术后6个月血清IgA、IgG及IgM水平显著高于术后1个月(P<0.05)。观察组患儿术前CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著低于对照组,CD8^(+)细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后1个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著低于对照组,CD8^(+)细胞比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后6个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患儿术后1个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著低于术前,CD8^(+)细胞比例显著高于术前(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后6个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著高于术前,CD8^(+)细胞比例显著低于术前(P<0.05);观察组患儿术后6个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)细胞比例及CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)显著高于术后1个月,CD8^(+)细胞比例显著低于术后1个月(P<0.05)。结论腺样体扁桃体切除可有效延长OSAHS患儿REM时间,提高睡眠效率,改善患儿睡眠结构和机体紊乱的免疫调节功能,其机体免疫功能在腺样体扁桃体切除后有短暂的降低,随后可逐渐恢复至正常水平。

气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者的影响

目的探究气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、血压及认知功能的影响。方法选取2022年3月至2023年1月上海市第八人民医院收治的88例OSAHS合并高血压患者,按照随机数字表法分为干预组(44例)与对照组(44例)。对照组采用常规治疗,干预组在对照组的基础上加用气道正压通气治疗。比较2组患者的睡眠监测结果、血压水平、认知和嗜睡评定及生活质量。结果治疗后干预组患者的AHI和最长呼吸暂停时间数值均比治疗前降低(P<0.05),且干预组的数值均较对照组更低(P<0.05);治疗后2组24 h平均收缩压、舒张压和夜间收缩压、舒张压均降低,且干预组的血压水平降低幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分均有提升,Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分均有下降,且干预组患者的MoCA和ESS量表评分升高、下降幅度均超过对照组(P<0.05);治疗后2组患者的社会生活、物质生活、生理功能和躯体功能指标均有提升,且干预组各项指标较对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论气道正压通气能有效降低OSAHS合并高血压患者的AHI指数,降低患者的血压水平,改善患者的认知功能。

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知障碍的关系

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知障碍的关系。方法 85例OSAHS老年患者根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)的评分结果分为正常组(n=52)和障碍组(n=33),比较2组患者的认知功能特征,通过多导睡眠监测记录2组患者夜间呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、微觉醒指数(RI)、睡眠效率(SE)、最低血氧饱和度(LSPO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MaSO2)、夜间呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间及最长呼吸暂停持续时间,测定患者治疗前的血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)-3含量;采用Pearson相关分析夜间呼吸暂停情况与血清指标的相关性、患者夜间呼吸暂停情况与认知功能障碍的相关性,采用多元线性回归模型分析患者发生认知障碍的危险因素。结果 障碍组在视空间与执行、命名、注意力、语言、抽象、延迟记忆和定向等认知功能特征的评分均低于正常组(P<0.05),年龄、病程、呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间、最长呼吸暂停持续时间、AHI、RI、MCP-1及Caspase-3水平高于正常组,SE、LSPO2、MaSO2、IGF-1低于正常组(P<0.05);患者夜间呼吸暂停次数和时长与IGF-1呈负相关,但与MCP-1、Caspase-3呈正相关(P<0.05),患者的MoCA评分与年龄、病程、AH、IRI、呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时长、最长呼吸暂停时长以及MCP-1和Caspase-3水平呈负相关,和SE、LSPO2、MaSO2以及IGF-1水平为正相关性(P<0.05);夜间呼吸暂停次数、平均呼吸暂停持续时间及最长呼吸暂停持续时间是患者发生认知障碍的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年OSAHS患者夜间呼吸暂停次数和暂停时间均与认知障碍程度呈正相关,呼吸暂停会增加患者出现认知障碍的风险。

中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者中疗效分析

目的观察中医培土化浊方、针刺结合持续气道正压通气(CPAP)在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的临床疗效。方法选取2020年5月—2022年5月收治的120例OSAHS患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=30)、药物+CPAP组(A组,n=29)、针刺+CPAP组(B组,n=27)以及联合组(n=34)共4组。对照组采用单独CPAP治疗,联合组采用培土化浊方内服+针刺+CPAP治疗,治疗周期为1个月。观察4组患者临床疗效,评估治疗前后4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能[呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))、最长呼吸暂停时间(LAT)]以及生活质量变化。结果治疗1个月后联合组临床疗效为94.12%,较对照组、A组以及B组临床疗效(72.41%、74.07%、56.67%)均明显更高(均P<0.05)。与治疗前比较,4组患者中医证候积分、嗜睡程度、通气功能以及生活质量均明显改善(均P<0.05),联合组中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI以及LAT均低于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),联合组LSaO_(2)以及生活质量评分均高于对照组、A组与B组(均P<0.05),对照组、A组与B组3组间中医证候积分、嗜睡程度评分、AHI、LSaO_(2)、LAT以及生活质量评分比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论中医培土化浊方、针刺结合CPAP联合治疗可有效提高OSAHS患者临床疗效,缓解其临床症状,提高通气功能,改善患者生活质量。

益气活血祛痰方治疗支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证的研究

目的评价益气活血祛痰方联合西医治疗慢性持续期支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者的临床疗效。方法选择2016年1月—2021年6月于泰州市第四人民医院就诊的80例慢性持续期支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者,根据随机数字表分成对照组及观察组各40例,对照组给予常规治疗及持续气道正压通气,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予益气活血祛痰方水煎液口服,2组均持续干预3个月。观察2组患者治疗前后中医证候积分(包括气喘、咳嗽、咳痰、打鼾、憋醒、日间嗜睡、倦怠乏力)、哮喘控制测试问卷(ACT)评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分、Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)评分、匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)评分、肺功能指标[呼气峰值流速(PEF)、第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_(1)%预计值)、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)]、多导睡眠图参数[呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、快速眼动睡眠期(REM)、氧减指数(ODI)、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、最低SaO_(2)、觉醒指数]、炎症相关指标[血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平]变化,统计2组总体治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果2组治疗后中医证候积分、SGRQ评分、ESS评分、PSQI评分、AHI、ODI、觉醒指数及血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、VEGF水平和FeNO水平均较治疗前明显降低(P均<0.05),且观察组上述各项指标均明显低于对照组(P均<0.05);2组治疗后ACT评分、PEF、FEV_(1)%预计值、FEV_(1)/FVC、REM、SaO_(2)、最低SaO_(2)均较治疗前明显升高(P均<0.05),且观察组上述各项指标均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05)。观察组治疗3个月后的总有效率明显高于对照组[92.5%(37/40)比82.5%(33/40),P<0.05],治疗期间不良反应发生率明显低于对照组[10.0%(4/40)比27.5%(11/40),P<0.05]。结论益气活血祛痰方联合西医治疗支气管哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征气虚痰瘀证患者的效果优于单纯西医治疗,在减轻患者临床症状,控制哮喘发作,改善肺功能和睡眠质量方面具有明显优势,其作用机制可能与抑制炎症反应相关。

低温等离子消融技术与电刀凝切技术在OSAHS中的应用效果对比

目的 分析比较低温等离子消融技术与电刀凝切技术在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析我院92例行手术治疗的OSAHS患者临床资料,其中48例行低温等离子消融术联合悬雍垂腭咽成形术(UPPP)治疗(观察组),44例行电刀凝切UPPP治疗(对照组)。记录两组围术期指标、术后疼痛程度[视觉模拟评分法(VAS)]、术后并发症及临床疗效,比较两组术前、术后6个月多导睡眠图(PSG)参数[睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(LSaO_(2))]变化情况。结果 两组术后创面假膜开始脱落时间及假膜彻底脱落时间、术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组手术时间、术中出血量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后VAS评分均逐渐降低(P<0.05),观察组术后VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组、对照组分别有42、39例患者具有术后12个月的检查数据,分别有16例、11例患者具有术后24个月的检查数据;观察组术后6个月、术后12个月、术后24个月临床疗效均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月时,两组AHI均较术前降低(P<0.05),且观察组术后低于对照组(P<0.05);LSaO_(2)较术前升高(P<0.05),且观察组术后高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 低温等离子消融技术术中可联合舌根部消融治疗,对中重度OSAHS近远期疗效均较好,术区损伤小,临床应用价值高。

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血清白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白表达水平与疾病严重程度的相关性

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者血清中白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白水平与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法收集2021年8月~2023年8月在鄂州市中心医院收治的131例老年OSAS患者作为观察对象(OSAS组),根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度组40例、中度组52例、重度组39例,同时选取同时段来我院健康门诊124名体检者作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定OSAS患者血清中白脂素和能量平衡相关蛋白水平;Pearson法分析血清白脂素、能量平衡相关蛋白水平与AHI、氧减指数(ODI)和最低血氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO_(2))的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清白脂素、能量平衡相关蛋白水平对OSAS及对OSAS患者病情严重程度的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,OSAS组白脂素水平显著升高,能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。轻度组、中度组和重度组在性别、年龄、冠心病、高血压、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C参数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与轻度组比较,中度组和重度组BMI、AHI、ODI、白脂素水平显著升高,LSaO_(2)、能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05);与中度组比较,重度组BMI、AHI、ODI、白脂素水平显著升高,LSaO_(2)、能量平衡相关蛋白水平显著降低(P<0.05)。OSAS患者血清中白脂素水平与AHI、ODI呈正相关,与LSaO_(2)呈负相关(P<0.05);能量平衡相关蛋白水平与AHI、ODI呈负相关,与LSaO_(2)呈正相关(P<0.05)。血清白脂素,能量平衡相关蛋白水平与两者联合诊断中、重度OSAS的AUC分别为0.832、0.882、0.942,联合诊断价值优于单独诊断(Z=3.435、2.560,P=0.001、0.011)。血清白脂素,能量平衡相关蛋白水平与联合诊断OSAS的AUC分别为0.818、0.804、0.893,联合诊断价值优于单独诊断(Z=3.886、4.126,P=0.000、0.000)。结论OSAS患者血清中白脂素水平升高,能量平衡相关蛋白水平降低,两者与疾病严重程度密切相关,可能在临床上用于OSAS的辅助诊断及OSAS病情严重程度的辅助评估。

综合护理干预对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者生命质量的作用

目的:探讨综合护理干预对青海地区阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者生命质量的改善效果。方法:选取2019年1月至2021年12月在青海红十字医院睡眠医学科行多导睡眠监测(PSG)和无创呼吸机治疗的中重度OSAHS住院患者392例作为研究对象,根据收治的时间登记表单双号顺序将患者分为对照组(单号)和观察组(双号),每组196例。对照组给予普通护理,观察组给予综合护理。比较2组干预前后Epworth嗜睡量表(ESS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、睡眠呼吸暂停生命质量指数(SAQLl)评分及干预后持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗依从性。结果:干预后,2组患者ESS、SAS评分均低于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后ESS、SAS评分均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。干预后,2组患者SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于本组干预前(均P<0.05),且观察组干预后SAQLI日常活动、社会影响、情感活动、症状评分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组干预后完成CPAP治疗患者例数明显多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:综合护理干预后可显著提高患者CPAP治疗的依从性,提高疗效,提高患者的生命质量。

基于多中心的老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者不良预后的Nomogram预测模型构建

目的基于多中心分析老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并冠心病患者不良预后的影响因素并构建Nomogram预测模型。方法于2020年3月至2022年3月选取江苏省中医院共357例老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者,按照7∶3比例将纳入患者分为建模组(n=250)及验证组(n=107)。对患者进行为期1年的随访,根据患者预后将建模组分为预后良好组(n=215)和预后不良组(n=35)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析影响老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者不良预后的因素,并根据此结果构建Nomogram预测模型,再以H-L拟合度曲线评估模型的有效性,以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型的区分度。结果单因素分析结果显示,体重指数、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、睡眠平均氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)为老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者不良预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,体重指数较高、AHI水平较高、hs-CRP水平较高、低水平的睡眠平均SaO_(2)为老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者不良预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。验证模型显示,建模组χ^(2)=6.125,P=0.421,ROC曲线下面积AUC为0.958(95%CI:0.926~0.980),敏感度及特异度分别为82.86%、96.28%;验证组χ^(2)=5.754,P=0.311,AUC为0.932(95%CI:0.893~0.960),敏感度及特异度分别为85.70%、88.40%。结论体重指数较高、AHI水平较高、hs-CRP水平较高、低水平的睡眠平均SaO_(2)为老年OSAHS合并冠心病患者不良预后的影响因素,以此构建的Nomogram预测模型具有较好的区分度及有效性,可帮助临床预测患者不良预后的发生风险,具有较高的临床价值。

血清UⅡ和SCUBE1对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者心血管事件结局的预测价值

目的研究血清尾加压素Ⅱ(urotensinⅡ,UⅡ)和信号肽-CUB-表皮生长因子样结构域蛋白1(signal peptide,CUB domain and EGF like domain containing 1,SCUBE1)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)发生的预测价值。方法选取2019-02/2022-02月作者医院诊治的106例OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)和同期体检的60例健康人(对照组)为研究对象。根据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index,AHI)和夜间最低氧饱和度(lowest oxygen saturation,LSaO_(2)),分为轻度组(n=42)、中度组(n=36)和重度组(n=28)。根据随访1年期间是否发生MACE,分为MACE组(n=32)和非MACE组(n=74)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清UⅡ、SCUBE1水平。采用Logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析血清UⅡ、SCUBE1水平对OSAHS患者MACE发生的预测价值。结果OSAHS组患者血清UⅡ、SCUBE1水平均明显高于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。轻度组、中度组及重度组OSAHS患者血清UⅡ、SCUBE1水平依次升高,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。MACE组OSAHS患者OSAHS病程、AHI、血清UⅡ水平、SCUBE1水平均明显高于非MACE组,LSaO_(2)水平低于非MACE组,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。AHI、血清UⅡ、血清SCUBE1是影响OSAHS患者MACE发生的独立危险因素,LSaO_(2)是保护因素。血清UⅡ、SCUBE1及二者联合对预测OSAHS患者MACE发生的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.846(95%CI:0.801~0.894),0.812(95%CI:0.770~0.839),0.904(95%Cl:0.860~0.943),二者联合检测的预测效能高于血清UⅡ、SCUBE1单独检测。结论OSAHS患者血清UⅡ、SCUBE1水平升高,二者与OSAHS病情程度有关,均参与OSAHS疾病进展过程。血清UⅡ、SCUBE1联合检测对OSAHS患者MACE发生具有较高的预测价值,是新的评估MACE预后的血清标志物。

案例教学法在临床实习睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的应用

探究案例教学法在临床实习睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的应用价值。方法:选取于2022年7月份至2023年6月份在我院呼吸内科实习学生共66名,采用随机分组法,每组33例。传统讲授法用于对照组,案例教学法用于观察组。观察两组实习学生考核成绩和实习综合能力。结果:观察组实习学生考核成绩高于对照组,观察组实习学生实习综合能力优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在内科临床实习带教中使用案例教学法,有助于提升实习生考试成绩,促进实习学生综合能力的提升,有助于提高学习兴趣,值得在以后教学工作中推广。