Abstracts Appearing in SE&E from July to December 1989

1. Systems Engineering 01 Systems Engineering and Its Theoretical Basis, Yu Jingyuan, Beijing Institute of Information and Control, July 1989, pp.1-12. This article provides an overview of the architecture of system science developed by Qian Xuesen, with a particular stress laid upon the methodology and theoretical basis of systems engineering. The latter refers mainly to the establishment of systematology. Presented here is an introduction to some conclusions on the object, content and method of systematology

The New Performance Magic Horse Show by Sichuan Circus Appearing in Chengdu

After years of hard working and coordinated with acrobatic and circus experts, Sichuan Circus created an excellent modern Magic Horse Show. Besides acrobatics, magic, comedy and singing and dancing, Magic

Perception of dental appearance and aesthetic analysis among patients,laypersons and dentists

BACKGROUND Current concepts of beauty are increasingly subjective,influenced by the viewpoints of others.The aim of the study was to evaluate divergences in the perception of dental appearance and smile esthetics among patients,laypersons and dental practitioners.The study goals were to evaluate the influence of age,sex,education and dental specialty on the participants’judgment and to identify the values of different esthetic criteria.Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to a dental appearance questionnaire(DAQ).Two frontal photographs were taken,one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)and t-test analysis were measured for each group.Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.AIM To compare the perception of dental aesthetic among patients,laypersons,and professional dentists,to evaluate the impact of age,sex,educational background,and income on the judgments made by laypersons,to assess the variations in experience,specialty,age,and sex on professional dentists’judgment,and to evaluate the role of lips,skin shade and tooth shade in different participants’judgments.METHODS Patients sample included 50 patients who responded to DAQ.Two frontal photographs were taken:one during a smile and one with retracted lips.Laypersons and dentists were asked to evaluate both photographs using a Linear Scale from(0-10),where 0 represent(absolutely unaesthetic)and 10 represent(absolutely aesthetic).One-way ANOVA and t-test analysis were measured for each group.RESULTS Most patients in the sample expressed satisfaction with most aspects of their smiles and dental appearance.Among laypersons(including 488 participants),47 pictures“with lips”out of 50 had higher mean aesthetic scores compared to pictures“without lips”.Whereas among the dentist sample,90 dentists’perception towards the esthetic smile and dental appearance for photos“with lips”and“without lips”were the same for 23 out of 50 patients.Perception of smile aesthetics differed between patients,laypersons and dentists.CONCLUSION Several factors can contribute to shape the perception of smile aesthetic.

Enriching Iodine and Regulating Grain Aroma,Appearance Quality,and Yield in Aromatic Rice by Foliar Application of Sodium Iodide

Applying iodine fertilizers to cultivate iodine-rich crops for daily intake is an effective approach for iodine supplementation,especially for aromatic rice.Field experiments were conducted during the early growing seasons of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the impacts of foliar application of iodine fertilizer on aromatic rice and to explore the optimal iodine fertilizer concentration.At the full heading stage,six different concentrations of sodium iodide solutions of 0%(CK),0.010%(T1),0.025%(T2),0.050%(T3),0.075%(T4),and 0.100%(T5)were applied to indica aromatic rice cultivars Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan.The results showed that sodium iodide treatments significantly increased the iodine and sodium contents in both leaves and grains.Compared with the CK,the T1 and T2 treatments increased the 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content in mature grains by 8.41%-101.66%and 13.58%-74.60%,respectively.Improvements in the contents of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid,proline,1-pyrroline,and methylglyoxal,as well as the activity of proline dehydrogenase were also detected.Additionally,sodium iodide treatments remarkably decreased the chalky grain rate,chalkiness area,and chalkiness degree of aromatic rice,with the T2 treatment exhibiting a 17.79%-47.42%decrease in chalkiness degree compared with the CK.Meanwhile,T1 and T2 treatments showed beneficial impacts on chlorophyll content,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield components,while T3,T4,and T5 treatments exhibited adverse effects on leaf and grain yields.The linear discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between treatments.The correlation analysis and piecewise structural equation modeling showed that the iodine and sodium influenced the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll content of the leaves,thereby regulating the 2-AP biosynthesis and yield components,ultimately affecting the 2-AP content and yield.Overall,this study suggests that foliar application of 0.025%sodium iodide is an effective method to enrich the iodine content in rice grains,improve the grain aroma and appearance quality of aromatic rice,without detrimental effects on grain yield.

Epiphanic Revival: Exploring Metallic Finishes on Batik Fabrics in Ghana

Batik fabric is an integral part of the traditional cloth culture of the Ghanaian traditional setting. However, the batik fabric has marginal usage due to its casual visual appearance. This studio practice seeks to explore the epiphanic revival in the use of metallic finishes on batik substrate to create an enhanced visual appearance with embellished aesthetic sensibilities and diversified use. The researchers adopted the studio-based approach of the qualitative design to manipulate handmade tools, techniques (collagraph) and the batik fabrics through experimentation to produce a glittering mercurial batik fabric which is typically an industrial practice. The studio practice took place at the Textile Design and Technology studio, Takoradi Technical University, Ghana. The traditional batik fabric was manipulated through fabric decoration techniques in accordance with studio-based practices. The Addie model was adopted as a methodological approach in the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation processes of the experimentation processes of the study. Findings revealed that the hand techniques used in the production process for the metallic prints produced interesting accidentals finishes and effects that machine work cannot achieve, producing new discoveries of visual enhancements of traditional batik fabric. Traditional batiks became mercurial with glittery effects. The metallic prints on the fabric also changed its consumption pattern from mere casual fabric to classic and cosmopolitan fabric for varied uses suitable for wearable to non-wearable.

Study of the System of the Witness Appearing in Court:From the Perspective of Criminal Proceedings

It is of great significance for witnesses to appear in court in criminal cases so as to safeguard the right of confrontation of the defendant and achieve judicial justice.However,the witnesses in criminal cases refuse to appear in court and only give written testimony,and this has become a long‑standing problem in the judicial practice of China.To solve this problem,the Criminal Procedure Law of China,amended and improved the system of the witness appearing in court in 2012.Nevertheless,if the underlying problems in the judicial system of China are not settled,the system of the witness appearing in court in criminal cases still cannot turn into practicable measures.

INVESTIGATION ON THE BRAZIL TWIN APPEARING ON -X PLANE OF SYNTHETIC QUARTZ AND ITS FORMATION RULES

So far a great deal of systematic studies have been made on twins of natural quartz crystals, but comparatively few on those of synthetic quartz crystals. What is more, no report on the Brazil twin appeared on -X plane of synthetic quartz has ever been published. The Brazil twin is known to deteriorate both optical and electrical properties of quartz crystals, it is therefore certainly of practical significance to

Visual learning graph convolution for multi-grained orange quality grading

The quality of oranges is grounded on their appearance and diameter.Appearance refers to the skin’s smoothness and surface cleanliness;diameter refers to the transverse diameter size.They are visual attributes that visual perception technologies can automatically identify.Nonetheless,the current orange quality assessment needs to address two issues:1)There are no image datasets for orange quality grading;2)It is challenging to effectively learn the fine-grained and distinct visual semantics of oranges from diverse angles.This study collected 12522 images from 2087 oranges for multi-grained grading tasks.In addition,it presented a visual learning graph convolution approach for multi-grained orange quality grading,including a backbone network and a graph convolutional network(GCN).The backbone network’s object detection,data augmentation,and feature extraction can remove extraneous visual information.GCN was utilized to learn the topological semantics of orange feature maps.Finally,evaluation results proved that the recognition accuracy of diameter size,appearance,and fine-grained orange quality were 99.50,97.27,and 97.99%,respectively,indicating that the proposed approach is superior to others.

Multi-Objective Image Optimization of Product Appearance Based on Improved NSGA-II

A second-generation fast Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm product shape multi-objective imagery optimization model based on degradation(DNSGA-II)strategy is proposed to make the product appearance optimization scheme meet the complex emotional needs of users for the product.First,the semantic differential method and K-Means cluster analysis are applied to extract the multi-objective imagery of users;then,the product multidimensional scale analysis is applied to classify the research objects,and again the reference samples are screened by the semantic differentialmethod,and the samples are parametrized in two dimensions by using elliptic Fourier analysis;finally,the fuzzy dynamic evaluation function is used as the objective function of the algorithm,and the coordinates of key points of product contours Finally,with the fuzzy dynamic evaluation function as the objective function of the algorithm and the coordinates of key points of the product profile as the decision variables,the optimal product profile solution set is solved by DNSGA-II.The validity of the model is verified by taking the optimization of the shape scheme of the hospital connection site as an example.For comparison with DNSGA-II,other multi-objective optimization algorithms are also presented.To evaluate the performance of each algorithm,the performance evaluation index values of the five multi-objective optimization algorithms are calculated in this paper.The results show that DNSGA-II is superior in improving individual diversity and has better overall performance.

Multiple chemical warfare agent simulant decontamination by self-driven microplasma

Low-temperature plasma is a green and high-efficiency technology for chemical warfare agent(CWA)decontamination.However,traditional plasma devices suffer from the problems of highpower composition and large power-supply size,which limit their practical applications.In this paper,a self-driven microplasma decontamination system,induced by a dielectric-dielectric rotary triboelectric nanogenerator(dd-r TENG),was innovatively proposed for the decontamination of CWA simulants.The microplasma was characterized via electrical measurements,optical emission spectra and ozone concentration detection.With an output voltage of-3460 V,the dd-r TENG can successfully excite microplasma in air.Reactive species,such as OH,O(1D),Hαand O3were detected.With input average power of 0.116 W,the decontamination rate of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide reached 100%within 3 min of plasma treatment,while the decontamination rates of malathion and dimethyl methylphosphonate reached(65.92±1.65)%and(60.88±1.92)%after 7 min of plasma treatment,respectively.In addition,the decontamination rates gradually decreased with the increase in the simulant concentrations.Typical products were identified and analyzed.This study demonstrates the broad spectrum and feasibility of the dd-r TENG-microplasma for CWA elimination,which provides significant guidance for their practical applications in the future.

Preparation of Dashanzha Wan by three-dimensional printing

Objective:To use three-dimensional(3D)printing technology to prepare Dashanzha Wan.Methods:The standard formula proportion of Dashanzha Wan was used to prepare printable materials(normally called the ink)for 3D printing,and different doses and shapes of Dashanzha Wan were prepared.Then,the rheological properties,texture characteristics,scanning electron microscopy,and content of ursolic acid were evaluated.Results:Dashanzha Wan ink showed good shear thinning properties,which is very suitable for 3D printing.The printed sample had a beautiful and regular shape with high resolution.Meanwhile,ursolic acid content in 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan aligned with the ursolic acid content shown in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020.Conclusion:The 3D-printed Dashanzha Wan has a better texture,and can be shaped into various shapes according to individual needs,which would increase patients’interest when taking medicine.Moreover,3D printing of Dashanzha Wan could be easily integrated into the digital life system,enabling online customization or use at home.This study reveals that 3D printing technology is a promising method for the production of traditional Chinese medicine with personalized appearance,dosage,and texture,which is suitable for a broader population.

Preparation of highly efficient antibacterial non-woven by facile plasma-induced graft polymerizing of DADMAC

The development of surface modification technology for temperature sensitive fibers has been a huge challenge.In this work,a novel technique based on cold plasma treatment was developed for the preparation of anti-bacterial polypropylene(PP)fibers.The results showed that plasma treatment introduced a rough surface and polar groups,which acted as the anchor point and initiators for diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride(DADMAC)graft-polymerization.The fabricated PP membranes presented a high bacterial sterilization rate,as well as excellent adhesion force and washing durability.After ultrasonic treatment for 30 min,the physical coating sample had lost anti-bacterial effect,while the plasma grafted sample still showed a sterilization rate of 91.67%.This work provided a clean and novel DADMAC grafting method and it is also applicable for anti-bacterial material fabrication.

YOLO-Banana:An Effective Grading Method for Banana Appearance Quality

The increasing trend towards independent fruit packaging demands a high appearance quality of individually packed fruits.In this paper,we propose an improved YOLOv5-based model,YOLO-Banana,to effectively grade banana appearance quality based on the number of banana defect points.Due to the minor and dense defects on the surface of bananas,existing detection algorithms have poor detection results and high missing rates.To address this,we propose a densitybased spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)and K-means fusion clustering method that utilizes refined anchor points to obtain better initial anchor values,thereby enhancing the network’s recognition accuracy.Moreover,the optimized progressive aggregated network(PANet)enables better multi-level feature fusion.Additionally,the non-maximum suppression function is replaced with a weighted non-maximum suppression(weighted NMS)function based on distance intersection over union(DIoU).Experimental results show that the model’s accuracy is improved by 2.3%compared to the original YOLOv5 network model,thereby effectively grading the banana appearance quality.

Enhancing surface adhesion of polytetrafluoroethylene induced by two-step in-situ treatment with radiofrequency capacitively coupled Ar/Ar+CH_(4)+NH_(3) plasma

Although some progress in plasma modification of the polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) surface has been made recently,its adhesion strength still needs to be further improved.In this work,the surface of a PTFE sample was treated with a two-step in-situ method.Firstly,the PTFE surface was treated with capacitively coupled Ar plasma to improve its mechanical interlocking performance;then,Ar+NH_(3)+CH_(4) plasma was used to deposit an a-CNx:H cross-linking layer on the PTFE surface to improve the molecular bonding ability.After treatment,a high specific surface area of 2.20 and a low F/C ratio of 0.32 were achieved on the PTFE surface.Its surface free energy was increased significantly and its maximum adhesion strength reached77.1 N·10 mm^(-1),which is 56% higher than that of the single-step Ar plasma-treated sample and32% higher than that of the single-step Ar+CH_(4)+NH_(3) plasma-treated sample.

Enhanced surface-insulating performance of EP composites by doping plasmafluorinated ZnO nanofiller

The surface flashover of epoxy resin(EP) composites is a pivotal problem in the field of highvoltage insulation.The regulation of the interface between the filler and matrix is an effective means to suppress flashover.In this work,nano ZnO was fluorinated and grafted using lowtemperature plasma technology,and the fluorinated filler was doped into EP to study the DC surface flashover performance of the composite.The results show that plasma fluorination can effectively inhibit the agglomeration by grafting –CFxgroups onto the surface of nano-ZnO particles.The fluorine-containing groups at the interface provide higher charge binding traps and enhance the insulation strength at the interface.At the same time,the interface bond cooperation caused by plasma treatment also promoted the accelerating effect of nano ZnO on charge dissipation.The two effects synergistically improve the surface flashover performance of epoxy composites.When the concentration of fluorinated ZnO filler is 20%,the flashover voltage has the highest increase,which is 31.52% higher than that of pure EP.In addition,fluorinated ZnO can effectively reduce the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of epoxy composites.The interface interaction mechanism was further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation and density functional theory simulation.

Research on degradation mechanism of trichlorobenzene and Hg^(0) by nonthermal plasma catalysis

Aiming at mercury and dioxin in fire coal gas as research objects,nonthermal plasma(NTP)catalytic technology was used to investigate the degradation effect of operating condition parameters on mixed pollutants in mixed flue gas condition,and to explore the synergistic degradation of Hg0and TCB(1,2,3-trichlorobenzene,TCB)under mixed flue gas conditions.The research results showed that the conversion efficiency of mercury and TCB increased with the additional output of voltage,and decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate.Under optimal reaction conditions:voltage=17 k V,frequency=300 Hz,gas flow rate=21 min^(-1),the conversion efficiency of Hg^(0)and TCB reached the highest 91.4%and 84.98%,respectively.In the NTP catalytic system,active free radicals played an important role in the synergistic conversion of mercury and TCB,which have a competitive effect,to make the conversion efficiency of mixed pollutants lower than a single substance.In the mixed flue gas condition,the mixed gas has an inhibitory effect on the synergistic conversion of mercury and TCB.Kinetic modeling of NTP catalytic synergistic reaction was established.Under three conditions of TCB,mercury and TCB,mixed simulated flue gas,the NTP catalytic technology showed a quasi-firstorder kinetic reaction for the degradation of TCB.According to the synergistic effect of NTP and composites,the transformation and degradation of TCB mainly included two processes:TCB and ring opening,and Hg^(0)was finally oxidized to Hg^(2+).

Non-invasive optical characterization and estimation of Zn porosity in gas tungsten arc welding of Fe–Al joints using CR model and OES measurements

In this study,we employed a non-invasive approach based on the collisional radiative(CR)model and optical emission spectroscopy(OES)measurements for the characterization of gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)discharge and quantification of Zn-induced porosity during the GTAW process of Fe–Al joints.The OES measurements were recorded as a function of weld current,welding speed,and input waveform.The OES measurements revealed significant line emissions from Zn-I in 460–640 nm and Ar-I in 680–800 nm wavelength ranges in all experimental settings.The OES coupled CR model approach for Zn-I line emission enabled the simultaneous determination of both essential discharge parameters i.e.electron temperature and electron density.Further,these predictions were used to estimate the Zn-induced porosity using OES-actinometry on Zn-I emission lines using Ar as actinometer gas.The OES-actinometry results were in good agreement with porosity data derived from an independent approach,i.e.x-ray radiography images.The current study shows that OES-based techniques can provide an efficient route for real-time monitoring of weld quality and estimate porosity during the GTAW process of dissimilar metal joints.

Long-term corona behaviour and performance enhancing mechanism of SiC/epoxy nanocomposite in SF6 gas environment

Surface coating technology is an effective way to solve the interface insulation problem of DC GIS/GIL basin insulators, but the performance of the coating will change greatly, and the insulation strength will be completely lost, after long-term use in the extreme conditions of corona erosion. In this research, the multi-needle-plate electrode platform was constructed to explore the long-term use performance of Si C-doped nanocomposite exposed to corona discharge in SF6gas. Samples with a high Si C content have advantages in maintaining physical and chemical properties such as elemental composition, erosion depth, surface roughness and mass loss. The nanocomposite doped with 6 wt.% Si C has prominent surface insulation strength after long term exposure to corona, and the others are close to losing, or have completely lost,their insulating properties. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of physicochemical properties of composite exposed to corona discharge was investigated with the proposed Reax FF MD model of energetic particles from SF6decomposition bombarding the epoxy surface. The reaction process of SF particles and F particles with the cross-linked epoxy resin, and the Si C nanoparticles providing shelter to the surrounding polymer and mitigating their suffering direct bombardment, have been established. The damage propagation depth, mass loss and surface roughness change of nanocomposite material bombarded by SF6decomposition products is reproduced in this simulation. Finally, the deterioration mechanism of insulation properties for the Si C-doped composite was elucidated with DFT analysis. The band gap of the molecule containing S drops directly from the initial 7.785 e V to 1.875 e V, which causes the deterioration of surface electric properties.

Wet flashover voltage improvement of the ceramics with dielectric barrier discharge

Surface modification techniques with plasma are widely investigated to improve the surface insulation capability of polymers under dry conditions,while the relationship between treatment method,surface physical and chemical properties,and wet flashover voltage is still unclear for inorganic ceramics.In this work,the surface insulation properties of ceramics under wet conditions are improved using nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)as the precursor.The relationships between PDMS concentration and the water contact angle,dry and wet flashover voltages are obtained to acquire the optimal concentration.The surface charge dissipation test and surface physio-chemical property measurement with SEM,AFM,XPS are carried out to further explore the mechanism of surface insulation enhancement.The results show that film deposition with micron thickness and superhydrophobicity occurs at the PDMS concentration of 1.5%.The dry flashover voltage is increased by 14.6%due to the induction of deep traps,while the wet flashover voltage is increased by 66.7%.The gap between dry-wet flashover voltage is decreased by 62.3%compared with the untreated one due to the self-cleaning effect.