The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long per...The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse,and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs isproposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designingnew batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced.These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgicalprocessing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developedtechnologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.展开更多
To predict the failure loads of adhesive joints under different stress states over the service temperature range of automobiles,adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic( CFRP)/aluminum alloy joints under shea...To predict the failure loads of adhesive joints under different stress states over the service temperature range of automobiles,adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic( CFRP)/aluminum alloy joints under shear stress state( thickadherend shear joints,TSJ),normal stress state( butt joints,BJ) and combined shear and normal stress states( scarf joints with scarf angle 45°,SJ45°) were manufactured and tested at-40,-20,0,20,40,60 and 80 ℃,respectively. The glass transition temperature Tgof the adhesive and CFRP,failure loads and fracture surfaces were used to analyze the failure mechanism of CFRP/aluminum alloy joints at different temperatures. A response surface,describing the variations of quadratic stress criteria with temperature,was established and introduced into the cohesive zone model( CZM) to carry out a simulation analysis. Results show that the failure of CFRP/aluminum alloy joints was determined collectively by the mechanical performances of adhesive and CFRP. Besides,reducing temperature or increasing the proportion of normal stress of adhesive layer was more likely to cause fibre tear or delamination of CFRP,resulting in a more obvious effect of CFRP. The validity of the prediction method was verified by the test of scarf joints with the scarf angle of 30°( SJ30°) and 60°( SJ60°) at-10 and 50 ℃.展开更多
We studied the information search behaviors of Chinese consumers of miniature automobiles. First, we identified the main sources where consumers acquire or seek information about miniature automobiles and discussed th...We studied the information search behaviors of Chinese consumers of miniature automobiles. First, we identified the main sources where consumers acquire or seek information about miniature automobiles and discussed their extent of information search. Then, based on logistic regression and optimal scaling regression of statistics, we studied the influences of characteristics of consumers of miniature automobiles on the extent of information search and on Internet usage. The results indicate that consumers often utilize four sources to obtain information about miniature automobiles. The dominant information source for consumers is their friends/family, followed by dealers, newspapers, and TV. Age, occupation, education and income significantly affect the extent of information search, but gender and city of residence do not have significant impacts. Age, city of residence, occupation, education and income produce significant influences on Internet usage. Gender has an insignificant influence on whether a consumer uses the Internet to search for information.展开更多
China’s demand for automobiles fallsinto three types:trucks,buses andcars.According to statistics fromdepartment concerned,China’s demand andquantity in the next 15 years is as follows: 1. The demand for trucks will...China’s demand for automobiles fallsinto three types:trucks,buses andcars.According to statistics fromdepartment concerned,China’s demand andquantity in the next 15 years is as follows: 1. The demand for trucks will growsteadily,in line with the growth of the nationaleconomy.The development of展开更多
In automobiles, the CFRP （carbon fiber reinforced plastics） has a possibility of weight reduction in automotive structures which can contribute to improve mileage and then reduce carbon dioxide. On the other hand, t...In automobiles, the CFRP （carbon fiber reinforced plastics） has a possibility of weight reduction in automotive structures which can contribute to improve mileage and then reduce carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the safety of collision should be also made clear in the case of employing the CFRP to automotive structures. In this paper, the CFRP guarder belt equipped in the automotive door is developed and examined by an experiment and a numerical analysis for replacing the conventional steel door guarder beam. As the experimental relation of impact load to displacement for CFRP guarder belt agreed well with that of numerical result, the numerical method developed here is quite useful for estimating impact behaviors of CFRP guarder belt.展开更多
Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results in challenging greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and environmental problems.This paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emissions and emergy of the l...Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results in challenging greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and environmental problems.This paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emissions and emergy of the life cycle for the internal combustion engine(ICE)and electric automobiles in the USA over the entire assumed fifteen-year lifetime.The hotspots of GHG emissions as well as emergy indices for the major processes of automobile life cycle within the defined system boundaries have been investigated.The potential strategies for reducing GHG emissions and emergy in the life cycle of both ICE and electric automobiles were further proposed.Based on the current results,the total GHG emissions from the life cycle of ICE automobiles are 4.48 E+07 kg CO2-e which is320 times higher than that of the electric automobiles.The hotspot area of the GHG emissions from ICE and electric automobiles are operation phase and manufacturing process,respectively.Interesting results were observed that comparable total emergy of the ICE automobiles and electric automobiles have been calculated which were 1.54 E+17 and 2.20 E+17 sej,respectively.Analysis on emergy index evidenced a better environmental sustainability of electric automobiles than ICE automobiles over the life cycle due to its higher ESI.To the authors’knowledge,it is the first time to integrate the analysis of GHG emissions together with emergy in industrial area of automobile engineering.It is expected that the integration of emergy and GHG emissions analysis may provide a comprehensive perspective on eco-industrial sustainability of automobile engineering.展开更多
To explore the green development of automobile enterprises and promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”target,based on the bounded rationality assumptions,this study constructed a tripartite evolutionary game mod...To explore the green development of automobile enterprises and promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”target,based on the bounded rationality assumptions,this study constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model of gov-ernment,commercial banks,and automobile enterprises;introduced a dynamic reward and punishment mechanism;and analyzed the development process of the three parties’strategic behavior under the static and dynamic reward and punish-ment mechanism.Vensim PLE was used for numerical simulation analysis.Our results indicate that the system could not reach a stable state under the static reward and punishment mechanism.A dynamic reward and punishment mechanism can effectively improve the system stability and better fit real situations.Under the dynamic reward and punishment mechan-ism,an increase in the initial probabilities of the three parties can promote the system stability,and the government can im-plement effective supervision by adjusting the upper limit of the reward and punishment intensity.Finally,the implementa-tion of green credit by commercial banks plays a significant role in promoting the green development of automobile enter-prises.展开更多
The 2024 World Automobile Standards and Innovation Conference(WASIC) convened on October22-24 in Pingshan district,Shenzhen city,South China's Guangdong province.The conference was themed "Leading with greenn...The 2024 World Automobile Standards and Innovation Conference(WASIC) convened on October22-24 in Pingshan district,Shenzhen city,South China's Guangdong province.The conference was themed "Leading with greenness,low carbon,digitalization,and intelligence,standards empowering sustainable development of the automobile industry".It focused on the hot issues of the automobile industry at home and abroad,gathering representatives of international standards organizations from 20countries and regions around the world.展开更多
During the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress(NPC),China’s top legislature,in March,President Xi Jinping stressed focusing on high-quality development as the top priority and developing new quality pro...During the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress(NPC),China’s top legislature,in March,President Xi Jinping stressed focusing on high-quality development as the top priority and developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions while deliberating with lawmakers from Jiangsu Province.Following the path that President Xi emphasized,SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co.,Ltd.has been committed to modernizing research and development(R&D),introducing intelligent manufacturing,upgrading the automobile industry.展开更多
“Europe has missed this development opportunity because we are short of a long-term vision.”MORE than 40 exhibitors from 15 major vehicle brands around the world,representing the latest cutting-edge technologies and...“Europe has missed this development opportunity because we are short of a long-term vision.”MORE than 40 exhibitors from 15 major vehicle brands around the world,representing the latest cutting-edge technologies and models,gathered at the seventh China International Import Expo(CIIE),which was held in Shanghai from November 5 to 10.展开更多
According to data released on January 11 by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM),China’s automobile production and sales volumes both surpassed 30 million for the first time in 2023,hitting a new r...According to data released on January 11 by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM),China’s automobile production and sales volumes both surpassed 30 million for the first time in 2023,hitting a new record.Notably,the new energy vehicle(NEV)sector has seen significant growth.In 2023,exports of Chinese NEVs exceeded 1.2 million units,notching a year-on-year increase of 77 percent.展开更多
At present,as China vigorously develops new energy automobiles,the social demand for related talents has increased significantly,so the relevant institutions need to optimize and adjust the talent training mode to hel...At present,as China vigorously develops new energy automobiles,the social demand for related talents has increased significantly,so the relevant institutions need to optimize and adjust the talent training mode to help the development of new energy automobiles.This paper summarizes the existing problems of China’s new energy automobile talent training mode,and analyzes the significance of the virtual simulation-based dual-creation talent training mode of new energy automobile and its specific implementation strategies,in order to provide references for the relevant personnel.展开更多
To enhance the management level and quality of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain and promote innovation and development in automobile transportation logistics enterprises,it is essential to strength...To enhance the management level and quality of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain and promote innovation and development in automobile transportation logistics enterprises,it is essential to strengthen the construction of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain management model.This can be achieved through the gradual improvement of the automobile transportation logistics management process,ensuring that the management of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain proceeds in an orderly manner.The aim is to improve automobile transportation and logistics service levels while meeting the changing market supply needs.This will enable automobile transportation and logistics enterprises to maintain steady economic benefits and enhance their core competitiveness in the market.Therefore,this paper has conducted a comprehensive exploration and research on managing the automobile transportation logistics supply chain.Corresponding management strategies are proposed as a starting point to achieve the aforementioned goals.展开更多
At the 10th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition with the theme of"Dream,Harmony,New Vision,"domestic automobile enterprises put more focus on ener- gy conservation and environmental protection.
ANCHORWOMAN Chang Jiang of China Central Television (CCTV) enjoys popularity for her Automobiles and China program, which she writes and hosts. The program which started in 1994 aroused a comparatively strong response...ANCHORWOMAN Chang Jiang of China Central Television (CCTV) enjoys popularity for her Automobiles and China program, which she writes and hosts. The program which started in 1994 aroused a comparatively strong response in the society because of its serious and deep thought about this absorbing topic. It took her twenty months to finish this program. Hundreds of people were interviewed and five notebooks were filled with reference materials. The script was revised seven times.展开更多
Afinancial crisis hits the world,adding more chill to the winter in 2008. Among the sufferers are the trembling steel industry and the auto industry which begins detecting the cold.In these days,these two industries a...Afinancial crisis hits the world,adding more chill to the winter in 2008. Among the sufferers are the trembling steel industry and the auto industry which begins detecting the cold.In these days,these two industries are worrying about their future in 2009 and wondering when the spring will come.The point is,will the steel industry embrace a better time in 2009?And to what extent it will affect the auto industry?展开更多
With total area of 2020 km^2 peopled by 3.35 million, Shenzhen is situated in the south of Guangdong Province of China, bordering on New Territories of Hong Kong in the south, overlooking the Daya Bay in the east, and...With total area of 2020 km^2 peopled by 3.35 million, Shenzhen is situated in the south of Guangdong Province of China, bordering on New Territories of Hong Kong in the south, overlooking the Daya Bay in the east, and meeting the Pearl River Estuary in the west. Designated as the first Chinese special economic展开更多
文摘The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for vehicles is increasing. However, LIBs use valuable rare metals, such as Co and Li, aswell as environmentally toxic reagents. LIBs are also necessary to utilize for a long period and to recycle useful materials. The reduction, reuse,and recycle (3R) of spent LIBs is an important consideration in constructing a circular economy. In this paper, a flowsheet of the 3R of LIBs isproposed and methods to reduce the utilization of valuable rare metals and the amount of spent LIBs by remanufacturing used parts and designingnew batteries considering the concept of 3R are described. Next, several technological processes for the reuse and recycling of LIBs are introduced.These technologies include discharge, sorting, crushing, binder removal, physical separation, and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgicalprocessing. Each process, as well as the related physical, chemical, and biological treatments, are discussed. Finally, the problem of developedtechnologies and future subjects for 3R of LIBs are described.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775230)
文摘To predict the failure loads of adhesive joints under different stress states over the service temperature range of automobiles,adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced plastic( CFRP)/aluminum alloy joints under shear stress state( thickadherend shear joints,TSJ),normal stress state( butt joints,BJ) and combined shear and normal stress states( scarf joints with scarf angle 45°,SJ45°) were manufactured and tested at-40,-20,0,20,40,60 and 80 ℃,respectively. The glass transition temperature Tgof the adhesive and CFRP,failure loads and fracture surfaces were used to analyze the failure mechanism of CFRP/aluminum alloy joints at different temperatures. A response surface,describing the variations of quadratic stress criteria with temperature,was established and introduced into the cohesive zone model( CZM) to carry out a simulation analysis. Results show that the failure of CFRP/aluminum alloy joints was determined collectively by the mechanical performances of adhesive and CFRP. Besides,reducing temperature or increasing the proportion of normal stress of adhesive layer was more likely to cause fibre tear or delamination of CFRP,resulting in a more obvious effect of CFRP. The validity of the prediction method was verified by the test of scarf joints with the scarf angle of 30°( SJ30°) and 60°( SJ60°) at-10 and 50 ℃.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 70472016).
文摘We studied the information search behaviors of Chinese consumers of miniature automobiles. First, we identified the main sources where consumers acquire or seek information about miniature automobiles and discussed their extent of information search. Then, based on logistic regression and optimal scaling regression of statistics, we studied the influences of characteristics of consumers of miniature automobiles on the extent of information search and on Internet usage. The results indicate that consumers often utilize four sources to obtain information about miniature automobiles. The dominant information source for consumers is their friends/family, followed by dealers, newspapers, and TV. Age, occupation, education and income significantly affect the extent of information search, but gender and city of residence do not have significant impacts. Age, city of residence, occupation, education and income produce significant influences on Internet usage. Gender has an insignificant influence on whether a consumer uses the Internet to search for information.
文摘China’s demand for automobiles fallsinto three types:trucks,buses andcars.According to statistics fromdepartment concerned,China’s demand andquantity in the next 15 years is as follows: 1. The demand for trucks will growsteadily,in line with the growth of the nationaleconomy.The development of
文摘In automobiles, the CFRP （carbon fiber reinforced plastics） has a possibility of weight reduction in automotive structures which can contribute to improve mileage and then reduce carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the safety of collision should be also made clear in the case of employing the CFRP to automotive structures. In this paper, the CFRP guarder belt equipped in the automotive door is developed and examined by an experiment and a numerical analysis for replacing the conventional steel door guarder beam. As the experimental relation of impact load to displacement for CFRP guarder belt agreed well with that of numerical result, the numerical method developed here is quite useful for estimating impact behaviors of CFRP guarder belt.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(Grant No.51608531)
文摘Increasing energy consumption in the transportation sector results in challenging greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and environmental problems.This paper involved integrated assessments on GHG emissions and emergy of the life cycle for the internal combustion engine(ICE)and electric automobiles in the USA over the entire assumed fifteen-year lifetime.The hotspots of GHG emissions as well as emergy indices for the major processes of automobile life cycle within the defined system boundaries have been investigated.The potential strategies for reducing GHG emissions and emergy in the life cycle of both ICE and electric automobiles were further proposed.Based on the current results,the total GHG emissions from the life cycle of ICE automobiles are 4.48 E+07 kg CO2-e which is320 times higher than that of the electric automobiles.The hotspot area of the GHG emissions from ICE and electric automobiles are operation phase and manufacturing process,respectively.Interesting results were observed that comparable total emergy of the ICE automobiles and electric automobiles have been calculated which were 1.54 E+17 and 2.20 E+17 sej,respectively.Analysis on emergy index evidenced a better environmental sustainability of electric automobiles than ICE automobiles over the life cycle due to its higher ESI.To the authors’knowledge,it is the first time to integrate the analysis of GHG emissions together with emergy in industrial area of automobile engineering.It is expected that the integration of emergy and GHG emissions analysis may provide a comprehensive perspective on eco-industrial sustainability of automobile engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973001).
文摘To explore the green development of automobile enterprises and promote the achievement of the“dual carbon”target,based on the bounded rationality assumptions,this study constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model of gov-ernment,commercial banks,and automobile enterprises;introduced a dynamic reward and punishment mechanism;and analyzed the development process of the three parties’strategic behavior under the static and dynamic reward and punish-ment mechanism.Vensim PLE was used for numerical simulation analysis.Our results indicate that the system could not reach a stable state under the static reward and punishment mechanism.A dynamic reward and punishment mechanism can effectively improve the system stability and better fit real situations.Under the dynamic reward and punishment mechan-ism,an increase in the initial probabilities of the three parties can promote the system stability,and the government can im-plement effective supervision by adjusting the upper limit of the reward and punishment intensity.Finally,the implementa-tion of green credit by commercial banks plays a significant role in promoting the green development of automobile enter-prises.
文摘The 2024 World Automobile Standards and Innovation Conference(WASIC) convened on October22-24 in Pingshan district,Shenzhen city,South China's Guangdong province.The conference was themed "Leading with greenness,low carbon,digitalization,and intelligence,standards empowering sustainable development of the automobile industry".It focused on the hot issues of the automobile industry at home and abroad,gathering representatives of international standards organizations from 20countries and regions around the world.
文摘During the annual meeting of the National People’s Congress(NPC),China’s top legislature,in March,President Xi Jinping stressed focusing on high-quality development as the top priority and developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions while deliberating with lawmakers from Jiangsu Province.Following the path that President Xi emphasized,SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co.,Ltd.has been committed to modernizing research and development(R&D),introducing intelligent manufacturing,upgrading the automobile industry.
文摘“Europe has missed this development opportunity because we are short of a long-term vision.”MORE than 40 exhibitors from 15 major vehicle brands around the world,representing the latest cutting-edge technologies and models,gathered at the seventh China International Import Expo(CIIE),which was held in Shanghai from November 5 to 10.
文摘According to data released on January 11 by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers(CAAM),China’s automobile production and sales volumes both surpassed 30 million for the first time in 2023,hitting a new record.Notably,the new energy vehicle(NEV)sector has seen significant growth.In 2023,exports of Chinese NEVs exceeded 1.2 million units,notching a year-on-year increase of 77 percent.
文摘At present,as China vigorously develops new energy automobiles,the social demand for related talents has increased significantly,so the relevant institutions need to optimize and adjust the talent training mode to help the development of new energy automobiles.This paper summarizes the existing problems of China’s new energy automobile talent training mode,and analyzes the significance of the virtual simulation-based dual-creation talent training mode of new energy automobile and its specific implementation strategies,in order to provide references for the relevant personnel.
文摘To enhance the management level and quality of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain and promote innovation and development in automobile transportation logistics enterprises,it is essential to strengthen the construction of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain management model.This can be achieved through the gradual improvement of the automobile transportation logistics management process,ensuring that the management of the automobile transportation logistics supply chain proceeds in an orderly manner.The aim is to improve automobile transportation and logistics service levels while meeting the changing market supply needs.This will enable automobile transportation and logistics enterprises to maintain steady economic benefits and enhance their core competitiveness in the market.Therefore,this paper has conducted a comprehensive exploration and research on managing the automobile transportation logistics supply chain.Corresponding management strategies are proposed as a starting point to achieve the aforementioned goals.
文摘At the 10th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition with the theme of"Dream,Harmony,New Vision,"domestic automobile enterprises put more focus on ener- gy conservation and environmental protection.
文摘ANCHORWOMAN Chang Jiang of China Central Television (CCTV) enjoys popularity for her Automobiles and China program, which she writes and hosts. The program which started in 1994 aroused a comparatively strong response in the society because of its serious and deep thought about this absorbing topic. It took her twenty months to finish this program. Hundreds of people were interviewed and five notebooks were filled with reference materials. The script was revised seven times.
文摘Afinancial crisis hits the world,adding more chill to the winter in 2008. Among the sufferers are the trembling steel industry and the auto industry which begins detecting the cold.In these days,these two industries are worrying about their future in 2009 and wondering when the spring will come.The point is,will the steel industry embrace a better time in 2009?And to what extent it will affect the auto industry?
文摘With total area of 2020 km^2 peopled by 3.35 million, Shenzhen is situated in the south of Guangdong Province of China, bordering on New Territories of Hong Kong in the south, overlooking the Daya Bay in the east, and meeting the Pearl River Estuary in the west. Designated as the first Chinese special economic
