Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Biological Parameters in Patients Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

Chronic hepatitis B causes a liver disease characterized by inflammation of the liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of biological parameters in patients treated with Tenofovir for chronic B infection at the Commune V referral health center in Bamako. We obtained a prevalence of 14.15%. The most represented age group was 31 - 40 years, with 36.8%. The sex ratio was 1.44 in favour of men. Viral load was undetectable after 18 months of treatment in 25 patients (42.37%). Tenofovir, the 1st-line drug in Mali, is effective on the biological parameters monitored in patients.

Age-related differences in the biological parameters of vertebral cancellous bone from Chinese women

Background With aging, the human fracture risk gradually increase. This is mainly due to the corresponding changes of the biomechanical parameters of human bone presents with aging. We measured the microstructural parameters of lumbar bone from women in several age groups by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. We observed changes in lumbar cancellous bone mineral density and in biomechanical parameters with aging to elucidate the relationship between age and risk of fracture. We provide theoretical support for human pathology, fracture risk increased with age and the individualized of each age group.

The Influence of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) Life Table and Reproductive Parameters by Applying Si on Bean at Library Condition

Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the important pests of bean, which can cause severe damages on it. Silicon is one of the micronutrient elements, as its spray on the leaves can decrease the population of the pest. In this research, the impact of four different doses of Si (0, 1, 1/5, 2 ppm) was investigated on biological and population growth parameters of T. urticae. The experiments were carried out in Petri dishes in an incubator at 25°C ± 2°C, 65% ± 5% RH and 16 L: 8 D. The duration of developmental stage was significantly affected by Si dose. The longest immature period, the shortest longevity of females and the shortest oviposition period were obtained at 2 ppm. In addition, Si dose significantly affected population growth parameters of the mite. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) of the mite ranged from 0.246 to 0.215 day which lowest and the highest values were at 2 ppm and control plants, respectively. The lowest net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the mite and the highest value of mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) were estimated at 2 ppm. The results of this peruse represented that 2 ppm had better potential for decreasing the population of the two-spotted spider mite, and it can be used in the mite integrated pest management programs.

Inverse Leaf Aging Sequence (ILAS) and Its Significance of Wheat

The implication of the revelation of the inverse leaf aging sequence（ILAS） of wheat needs to be probed in theory and practice.Since 2005,the comparison experiment of the ILAS and the conventional leaf aging sequence（CLAS） has been carried out to measure the canopy temperature and some important biological parameters of wheat.In nature,there existed the phenomenon that the wheat leaves aged in an sequence opposite to the conventional sequence and some of the leaves of ILAS wheat aged sequentially differed from those of CLAS wheat,i.e.,the penultimate leaves rather than the flag leaves aged last among the leaves at different leaf positions;in correspondence with the inverse leaf aging sequence,there appeared an unconventional leaf color structure at the late fruiting stage,which had yellow upper leaves and green lower leaves,opposite to the conventional leaf color structure that had green upper leaves and yellow lower leaves;the chlorophyll concentrations,soluble protein concentrations,transpiration rates,and net photosynthetic rates of the penultimate leaves of ILAS wheat unconventionally surpassed those of their flag leaves as their growth moved forward from one stage to another stage,and the ILAS wheat characteristically presented cold canopy temperature,i.e.,a cold tail canopy temperature at the late fruiting stage,or a cold canopy temperature at the whole fruiting stage;because ILAS wheat was unique in physiological process,its kernel weights were obviously higher than those of CLAS wheat,which closely related to the ＂relay＂ kernel-filling mode,which was different from the kernel-filling mode of CLAS wheat under which the flag leaves act as the main nutrient supply source at the whole fruiting stage.This study provided a new idea and approach for the theoretical exploration on wheat fruiting and aging,wheat yield further improvement,and cold type wheat and cold tail wheat breeding.

Transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H+epsps Rice with Insect and Herbicide Resistance Acted No Adverse Impacts on the Population Growth of a Non-Target Herbivore, the White-Backed Planthopper, Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Numerous Bt rice lines expressing Cry protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner （Bt） have been developed since 1989. However, the potential risks posed by Bt rice on non-target organisms still remain debate. The white-backed planthopper （WBPH）, Sogatella furcifera （Horváth）, is one of the most economically important insect pests of rice in Asian countries and also one of the main non-target herbivores of transgenic rice. In the current study, impacts of transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H＋epsps rice （G6H1） with both insect and herbicide resistance on WBPH were evaluated to ascertain whether this transgenic rice line had potential risks for this sap-sucking pest under laboratory and ifeld conditions. The laboratory results showed that no signiifcant difference in egg developmental duration, nymphal survival rate and female fecundity was found for WBPH between G6H1 and its non-transgenic isoline （XS110）. However, the development duration of nymphs was signiifcantly shorter and female longevity signiifcantly longer when WBPH fed on G6H1 by comparison with those on its control. To verify the results found in laboratory, a 3-yr ifeld trial was conducted to monitor WBPH population using both the vacuum-suction machine and beat plate methods. Although the seasonal density of WBPH nymphs and total density of nymphs and adults were not signiifcantly affected by transgenic rice regardless of the sampling methods, the seasonal density of WBPH adults in transgenic rice plots was slightly lower than that in the control when using the vacuum-suction machine. Based on these results both from laboratory and ifeld, it is clear that our tested transgenic rice line will not lead higher population of WBPH. However, long-term ifeld experiments to monitor the population dynamics of WPBH at large scale need to be conducted to conifrm the present conclusions in future.

Different routine laboratory tests in assessment of COVID-19: A case-control study

Objective:To identify helpful laboratory paprameters for the diagnosis and prognosis of COVID-19.Methods:An observational retrospective study was conducted to analyze the biological profile of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the Unit of Pulmonology at Setif hospital between January and December 2021.Patients were divided into two groups:the infection group and the control group with patients admitted for other pathologies.The infected group was further divided according to the course of the disease into non-severe and severe subgroups.Clinical and laboratory parameters and outcomes of admitted patients were collected.Results:The infection group included 293 patients,of whom 237 were in the non-severe subgroup and 56 in the severe subgroup.The control group included 88 patients.The results showed higher white blood cells,neutrophils,blood glucose,urea,creatinine,transaminases,triglycerides,C-reactive protein,lactate dehydrogenase,and lower levels of lymphocyte,monocyte and platelet counts,serum sodium concentration,and albumin.According to ROC curves,urea,alanine aminotransferase,C-reactive protein,and albumin were effective diagnosis indices on admission while neutrophil,lymphocyte,monocyte,glycemia,aspartate aminotransferase,and lactate dehydrogenase were effective during follow-up.Conclusions:Some biological parameters such as neutrophil,lymphocyte,monocyte,glycemia,aspartate aminotransferase,and lactate dehydrogenase are useful for the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Potential Reproductive Activity of Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae）, Bambara Groundnut （Vigna subterranea Verd.） Depredator

Callosobruchus subinnotatus Pic. （Coleoptera： Bruchinae） is the most important depredator of Bambara groundnut seeds （Vigna subterranea Verd.） in West Africa. In view of an efficient control of its populations, some of the biological parameters of C. subinnotatus were determined under laboratory conditions （30 ± 2℃; 72 ± 2% HR; 12h： 12h LD）. The results have shown that the mean lifespan of females （11.36±1.85 days） is shorter than that of males （15.14 ±2.4 days）. The female lays 80.83% eggs within the first 6 days after her emergence with a mean fecundity of 121.34 ±27.62 eggs. The means egg fertility, survival and adult emergence rates are respectively 96.19±1.45%, 97.72 ± 1.08% and 94.01± 2.14%. The sex ratio is in favor of males with a mean of 0.845 ± 0.08. The monitoring of adult emergence in connection with their reproductive status showed that the offspring of C. subinnotatus consists of two physiotypes, a reproductive type that appears during the first 8 days of emergence with a short development time （28.35± 3.36 days） and a non reproductive type that appears from the 9th day of emergence with a longer development time （37.92 ± 3.92 days）.

Spatiotemporal variation of dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Surface seawater samples were collected from Jiaozhou Bay,China,during six cruises(MarchMay 2010,September-November 2010) to study the distribution of dissolved organic matter including dissolved organic carbon(DOC),total dissolved carbohydrates,namely monosaccharides(MCHO) and polysaccharides(PCHO) and total hydrolysable amino acids.These included dissolved free amino acids(DFAA) and combined amino acids(DCAA).The goal was to investigate possible relationships between these dissolved organic compounds and environmental parameters.During spring,the concentrations of MCHO and PCHO were 9.6(2.8-22.6) and 11.0(2.9-42.5) μmol C/L,respectively.In autumn,MCHO and PCHO were 9.1(2.6-27.0) and 10.8(2.4-25.6) μmol C/L,respectively.The spring concentrations of DFAA and DCAA were 1.7(1.1-4.1) and 7.6(1.1-31.0) μmol C/L,respectively,while in autumn,DFAA and DCAA were 2.3(1.1-8.0) and 3.3(0.6-7.2) μmol C/L,respectively.Among these compounds,the concentrations of PCHO were the highest,accounting for nearly a quarter of the DOC,followed by MCHO,DCAA and DFAA.The concentrations of the organic compounds exhibited a decreasing trend from the coastal to the central regions of the bay.A negative correlation between concentrations of DOC and salinity in each cruise suggested that riverine inputs around the bay have an important impact on the distribution of DOC in the surface water.A significant positive correlation was found between DOC and total bacteria count in spring and autumn,suggesting bacteria play an important role in the marine carbon cycle.

Comparison of biological fitness in crosses between subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus （Hemiptera： Reduviidae： Triatominae） in southern Mexico

Understanding the biological parameters of some triatomine subspecies of Meccus phyllosomus （Burmeister） is a crucial first step in estimating the epidemiologie importance of this group. Biological parameters related to hatching, lifetime, number of blood meals to molt, percentage of females at the end of the cycle, number of laid eggs, and mortality for each instar of 3 M. phyllosomus subspecies [M. p. mazzottii （Usinger）, M. p. pallidipennis （Stal）, and M. p. phyllosomus] and their laboratory hybrids were evaluated and compared. No significant differences （P 〉 0.05） were found among the experimental hybrids （MaPa, MaPhy, PaPhy） and reciprocal cohorts. In 5 （hatching, number of blood meals to molt, accumulative mortality, percentage of females, and mean number of laid eggs） of the 6 studied parameters （with the exception of development time）, the hybrid cohorts had better fitness results than the parental cohorts involved in each set of crosses. The increase in hybrid fitness found in our study could lead to an increase in the epidemiologic risks caused by transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to humans.

Synthesis of newly cationic surfactant based on dimethylaminopropyl amine and their silver nanoparticles:Characterization;surface activity and biological activity

The chemical structure of newly synthesized cationic surfactants based on Schiff base was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and mass spectroscopy.The synthesized surfactants were used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a simple one-step method.The silver nanoparticle（AgNPs） formation was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,electron diffraction（SAED）,dynamic light scattering（DLS）,and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）.The structure of the surfactant played an important role in the synthesis process.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length,the stability,and the amount of surfactant increased the quantity of AgNPs formed.The surface activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants was determined using surface tension measurements at three different temperatures.The synthesized surfactants showed a high tendency toward adsorption and micellization.Increasing the hydrophobic chain length of the synthesized surfactant increased its adsorption.Screening the synthesized cationic surfactants and their nano-form against bacteria and fungi showed that they are highly effective.The silver nanoparticles enhanced the biological activity of the synthesized cationic surfactants.

Sublethal effects of hexaflumuron on development and reproduction of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （Lepidoptera： Yponomeutidae）

Effects of hexaflumuron at 10% lethal concentration （LC10） and LC25 on development and reproduction parameters of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella （Linnaeus, 1753） （Lep.： Yponomeutidae） were investigated. Estimated LC50, LC10 and LC25 values of leaf dip bioassay of hexaflumuron on the third instar larvae of the P xylostella were 1.48, 0.59 and 0.91 mg/L, respectively. Hexaflumuron decreased pupal weight in the parent generation at sublethal concentrations but in the offspring generation, this effect was not observed. Sublethal concentrations increased egg, first and second larval instar and pupa developmental time and shortened life span of adults, but did not change the third and fourth larval instars and pre-pupa developmental period. Also fecundity of females reduced significantly but hatchability of treatments and control were similar. Survival rate of pre-adult stages declined significantly at LC25 concentration. Reproduction parameters such as reproductive rate （R0） and intrinsic rate of increase in sublethal concentrations were significantly lower compared with control, but gross reproduction rate （GRR） at the LC10 concentration was increased and it could be hormoligosis. Also hexaflumuron significantly increased doubling time （Dt）. We conclude that the sublethal effects of hexaflumuron might exhibit significant effects on the population dynamics of P xylostella.

Correlation of Variables between the Dominant and Non-dominant Eyes in Healthy Young People

Objective:To investigate the correlation of variables between dominant and non-dominant eyes in healthy young people.Methods:300 cases(600 eyes)of healthy young volunteers recruited in our hospital from March 2020 to February 2022were selected as the research objects.The general data of the volunteers were collected and the dominant eye,diopter,biological parameters and retinal blood flow density were detected.We compared all the test indexes of volunteers with different dominant eyes,and compared the refractive parameters,biological parameters and retinal blood flow density between the dominant and non-dominant eyes of volunteers.Results:Among the 300volunteers,62.67%(188/300)had the right eye as the dominant eye and 37.33%(112/300)had the left eye as the dominant eye.There was no significant difference in gender,BMI and equivalent spherical lens(SE)among the subjects with different dominant eyes(P>0.05).The SE and spherical diopter(S)of dominant eye were higher than that of non-dominant eye(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant eye(C)(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in SE and C between dominant and non-dominant eye in volunteers with SE difference≤0.5 D and 0.51-1.25 D(P>0.05),and spherical diopter(S)of dominant eye was higher than that of non-dominant eye(P<0.05);The difference of SE was 1.26-2.00 D,>2.00 D,the SE and spherical diopter(S)of dominant eye were higher than those of non-dominant eye(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant eye C(P>0.05).The levels of RA and CA in the dominant eye of 300 volunteers were lower than those in the non-dominant eye.The RA and CA levels of the dominant eye were lower than those of the non-dominant eye in volunteers with RA difference≤0.50 D,0.51-1.25 D,1.26-2.00 D,>2.00 D(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the levels of axial length(AL),central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD)and lens thickness(LT)between the dominant and non-dominant eyes(P>0.05).The levels of superficial retinal capillary layer(SVC),deep retinal capillary layer(DVC)and mean retinal blood flow density(RET)in dominant eyes were lower than those in non-dominant eyes.The level of AC in non-dominant eyes was higher than that in non-dominant eyes(P<0.05).Conclusion:The dominant eye of healthy young people is mostly the right eye,which has nothing to do with gender,age and BMI.Meanwhile,the biological parameters between the dominant and non-dominant eye were basically the same,the mean retinal blood flow density of the dominant eye was lower than that of the non-dominant eye,but its AC was higher than that of the non-dominant eye.

Fish and broiler optimal harvesting models in imprecise environment

In this paper, a two-species harvesting model has been considered and developed a solu- tion procedure which is able to calculate the equilibrium points of the model where some biological parameters of the model are interval numbers. A parametric mathematical pro- gram is formulated to find the biological equilibrium of the model for different values of parameters. This interval-valued problem is converted into an equivalent crisp model using interval mathematics. The main advantage of the proposed procedure is that dif- ferent characteristics of the model can be presented in a single framework. Analytically, the existence of steady state and stabilities are looked into. Using mathematical soft- ware, the model is illustrated and the results are obtained and presented in tabular and graphical forms.