Achievable secrecy rate of bit-interleaved coded modulation schemes

We study the impact of various modulation mapping strategies and signal constellation shapes on the se- crecy rates achievable with bit-interleaved coded modulation （BICM） schemes. Transmission over an ergodic Rayleigh fading channel is assumed throughout this work. Various constellations and mapping techniques are considered in this work to maximize the capacity difference between the main channel and the eavesdropper channel, rather than to opti- mize the capacity of both channels. We show that in terms of achievable secrecy rate, Gray and Quasi-Gray mappings only perform Well at low SNR but outperformed by other mapping techniques when SNR increases. The proper design of signal mapping can significantly enhance the achievable secrecy rate in BICM schemes. It is indicated that the key parameter to the secrecy rate of a BICM system is the distance spectrum of Euclidean distances for mappings.

A NEW LABELING SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR BIT-INTERLEAVED CODED MODULATION WITH ITERATIVE DECODING

Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) is a bandwidth ef- ficient transmission, where the bit error rate is reduced through the iterative information exchange between the inner demapper and the outer decoder. The choice of the symbol mapping is the crucial design parameter. This paper indicates that the Harmonic Mean of the Minimum Squared Euclidean (HMMSE) distance is the best criterion for the mapping design. Based on the design criterion of the HMMSE distance, a new search algorithm to find the optimized labeling maps for BICM-ID system is proposed. Numerical results and performance comparison show that the new labeling search method has a low complexity and outperforms other labeling schemes using other design criterion in BICM-ID system, therefore it is an optimized labeling method.

Path Weight Complementary Convolutional Code for Type-Ⅱ Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation Hybrid ARQ System

Bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) is suitable to bandwidth-efficient communication systems. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) can provide more reliability to high-speed wireless data transmission. A new path weight complementary convolutional (PWCC) code used in the type-Ⅱ BICM-HARQ system is proposed. The PWCC code is composed of the original code and the complimentary code. The path in trellis with large hamming weight of the complimentary code is designed to compensate for the path in trellis with small hamming weight of the original code. Hence, both of the original code and the complimentary code can achieve the performance of the good code criterion of corresponding code rate. The throughput efficiency of the BICM-HARQ system wit PWCC code is higher than repeat code system, a little higher than puncture code system in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values and much higher than puncture code system, the same as repeat code system in high SNR values. These results are confirmed by the simulation.

Design of Protograph LDPC-Coded MIMO-VLC Systems with Generalized Spatial Modulation

This paper investigates the bit-interleaved coded generalized spatial modulation(BICGSM) with iterative decoding(BICGSM-ID) for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) visible light communications(VLC). In the BICGSM-ID scheme, the information bits conveyed by the signal-domain(SiD) symbols and the spatial-domain(SpD) light emitting diode(LED)-index patterns are coded by a protograph low-density parity-check(P-LDPC) code. Specifically, we propose a signal-domain symbol expanding and re-allocating(SSER) method for constructing a type of novel generalized spatial modulation(GSM) constellations, referred to as SSERGSM constellations, so as to boost the performance of the BICGSM-ID MIMO-VLC systems.Moreover, by applying a modified PEXIT(MPEXIT) algorithm, we further design a family of rate-compatible P-LDPC codes, referred to as enhanced accumulate-repeat-accumulate(EARA) codes,which possess both excellent decoding thresholds and linear-minimum-distance-growth property. Both analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed SSERGSM constellations and P-LDPC codes can remarkably improve the convergence and decoding performance of MIMO-VLC systems. Therefore, the proposed P-LDPC-coded SSERGSM-mapped BICGSMID configuration is envisioned as a promising transmission solution to satisfy the high-throughput requirement of MIMO-VLC applications.

Novel Mapping Design Criterion for BICM-ID with Square QAM Constellations

Mapping design criteria of bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) with square 16QAM are analyzed. Three of the existing criteria are analyzed and compared with each other. Through the comparison, two main characters of the mapping design criteria are found. They are the harmonic mean of the minimum squared Euclidean distance and the average of Hamming distances with the nearest Euclidean distance. Based on these two characters, a novel mapping design criterion is proposed and a label mapping named mixed mapping is searched according to it. Simulation results show that mixed mapping performs better than the other mappings in BICM-ID system.

New Applications of EXIT Chart for Iterative Decoding Systems

Applications on iterative control and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system were developed. Two new charts derived from extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart were employed as the designing tools, which are called as output mutual information chart with defined iterative degree (DID) chart and near optimum output mutual information (NOMI) chart respectively. Different from the EXIT chart, they can show the iterative performance on the whole signal-to-noise ratio range with one single curve, whereas computation complexity is greatly reduced compared with conventional bit error ratio (BER) performance curve. The iterative control was implemented according to a near-optimum iterative degree vector determined by NOMI chart, the reasonability of uncertain parameters was analyzed in one MIMO system. The concepts were illustrated based on bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID).

Iterative Demodulation and Decoding Scheme with 16 QAM

Iterative demodulation and decoding scheme is analyzed and modulation labeling is considered to be one of the crucial factors to this scheme. By analyzing the existent mapping design criterion, four aspects are found as the key techniques for choosing a label mapping. Based on this discovery, a novel mapping design criteflon is proposed and two label mappings are searched according to it. Simulation results show that the performance of BICM-ID using the novel mappings is better than the former ones. The extrinsic information transfer （EXIT） chart is introduced and it is used to evaluate the proposed mapping design criteria.

AN ITERATIVE RELIABILITY-BASED DECODING FOR LDPC CODED MODULATION SYSTEM

In this paper, A Belief Propagation concatenated Orderd-Statistic Decoder (BP-OSD) based on accumulated Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR) is proposed for medium and short lengths Low Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes coded Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) systems. The accumulated soft output values delivered by every BP iteration are used as reliability values of Soft-Input Soft-Output OSD (SISO-OSD) decoder and the soft output of SISO-OSD is used as a priori probabilities of the demodulator for the next iteration. Simulation results show that this improved algorithm achieves noticeable performance gain with only modest increase in computation complexity.

A novel mapping scheme and modified decoding algorithm for BICM-ID

This paper proposes a novel mapping scheme for bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding(BICM-ID).The symbol mapping is composed of two QPSK with different radiuses and phases,called cross equalization-8PSK-quasi-semi set partitioning(CE-8PSK-Quasi-SSP).Providing the same average power,the proposed scheme can increase the minimum squared Euclidean distance(MSED)and then improve the receiving performance of BICM-ID compared with conventional symbol mapping schemes.Simultaneously,a modified iteration decoding algorithm is proposed in this paper.In the process of iteration decoding,different proportion of the extrinsic information to the systematic observations results in distinct decoding performance.At high SNR(4~9dB),the observation information plays a more important role than the extrinsic information.Simulation results show that the proportion set at 1.2 is more suitable for the novel mapping in BICM-ID.When the BER is 10^(-4),more than 0.9dB coding gain over Rayleigh channels can be achieved for the improved mapping and decoding scheme.

Design of Low Power Transmission Gate Based 9T SRAM Cell

Considerable research has considered the design of low-power and high-speed devices.Designing integrated circuits with low-power consumption is an important issue due to the rapid growth of high-speed devices.Embedded static random-access memory(SRAM)units are necessary components in fast mobile computing.Traditional SRAM cells are more energyconsuming and with lower performances.The major constraints in SRAM cells are their reliability and low power.The objectives of the proposed method are to provide a high read stability,low energy consumption,and better writing abilities.A transmission gate-based multi-threshold single-ended Schmitt trigger(ST)9T SRAM cell in a bit-interleaving structure without a write-back scheme is proposed.Herein,an ST inverter with a single bit-line design is used to attain the high read stability.A negative assist technique is applied to alter the trip voltage of the single-ended ST inverter.The multithreshold complementary metal oxide semiconductor(MTCMOS)technique is adopted to reduce the leakage power in the proposed single-ended TGST 9T SRAM cell.The proposed system uses a combination of standard and ST inverters,which results in a large read stability.Compared with the previous ST 9T,ST 11T,11T,10T,and 7T SRAM cells,the proposed cell is implemented in Cadence Virtuoso ADE with 45-nm CMOS technology and consumes 35.80%,42.09%,31.60%,12.54%,and 31.60%less energy for read operations and 73.59%,93.95%,92.76%,89.23%,and 85.78%less energy for write operations,respectively.

Non-Uniform APSK Optimization for BICM Systems

Traditional Amplitude Phase Shift Keying （APSK） consists of rings with points uniformly spaced. By giving up this uniform-spacing feature, we propose an APSK optimization method based on the uniform APSK with Gray labeling （Gray-APSK）. The aim of the optimization is to maximize the Generalized Mutual Information （GMI） of Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation （BICM） for the targeted code rate and channel. We show that our optimized non-uniform APSK could offer further performance gain compared with the conventional uniform Gray-APSK and considerably outperforms the traditional quadrature amplitude modulation at the targeted SNR and channel.