Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei

Light levels determine regeneration in stands and a key concern is how to regulate the light environment of different stand types to the requirements of the understory.In this study,we selected three stands typical in south China(a Cryptomeria japonica plantation,a Quercus acutissima plantation,and a mixed stand of both)and three thinning intensities to determine the best understory light environ-ment for 3-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings.The canopy structure,understory light environment,and photosynthe-sis and growth indicators were assessed following thin-ning.Thinning improved canopy structure and understory light availability of each stand;species composition was the reason for differences in the understory light environ-ment.Under the same thinning intensity,the mixed stand had the greatest light radiation and most balanced spectral composition.P.bournei photosynthesis and growth were closely related to the light environment;all three stands required heavy thinning to create an effective and sustained understory light environment.In a suitable understory light environment,the efficiency of light interception,absorption,and use by seedlings was enhanced,resulting in a higher carbon assimilation the main limiting factor was stomatal conductance.As a shade-avoidance signal,red/far-red radia-tion is a critical factor driving changes in photosynthesis and growth of P.bournei seedlings,and a reduction increased light absorption and use capacity and height:diameter ratios.The growth advantage transformed from diameter to height,enabling seedlings to access more light.Our findings suggest that the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as P.bournei could be enhanced if a targeted approach to thinning based on stand type was adopted.

Genome wide investigation of Hsf gene family in Phoebe bournei:identification,evolution,and expression after abiotic stresses

Heat shock transcription factors(Hsfs)have important roles during plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stresses.The identification and func-tion of Hsf genes have been thoroughly studied in various herbaceous plant species,but not woody species,especially Phoebe bournei,an endangered,unique species in China.In this study,17 members of the Hsf gene family were identi-fied from P.bournei using bioinformatic methods.Phyloge-netic analysis indicated that PbHsf genes were grouped into three subfamilies:A,B,and C.Conserved motifs,three-dimensional structure,and physicochemical properties of the PbHsf proteins were also analyzed.The structure of the PbHsf genes varied in the number of exons and introns.Pre-diction of cis-acting elements in the promoter region indi-cated that PbHsf genes are likely involved in responses to plant hormones and stresses.A collinearity analysis dem-onstrated that expansions of the PbHsf gene family mainly take place via segmental duplication.The expression levels of PbHsf genes varied across different plant tissues.On the basis of the expression profiles of five representative PbHsf genes during heat,cold,salt,and drought stress,PbHsf pro-teins seem to have multiple functions depending on the type of abiotic stress.This systematic,genome-wide investigation of PbHsf genes in P.bournei and their expression patterns provides valuable insights and information for further func-tional dissection of Hsf proteins in this endangered,unique species.

Effects of Shading Degree on Storage Rate and Growth of Phoebe bournei Seedlings in Fields

In the research, four shading treatments were set, including the treatments with shading degrees at 0, 40%, 60% and 70%, in order to explore storage rate and seedling growth of annual Phoebe bournei. The results showed that the storage rate is growing upon shading degree. In the research, for example, storage rate reached the peak with the shading degree at 70%, and only 42.2% with shading degree at 0. In addition, seedling height and ground diameter showed extremely significant differences among treatments, and the treatment with shading degree at 60% was the best.

Growth Performance of Phoebe bournei Generations in Seedling Stage

[Objective] The aim was to explore growth performance of Phoebe bournei in seedling stage.[Method] Based on 17 superior plus trees of Phoebe bournei,a seedling cultivation test was conducted in Jindong Forest Farm in Yongzhou,Hunan Province,exploring growth indices and analyzing seedling height and ground diameter.[Result] As per the selection rate at 20％,PB17,PB9 and PB12 were selected from the 17 species.Specifically,the seedling height averaged 36.52 cm of the selected three seedlings,which was higher by 16.1％ compared with average of 17 species （31.45％）.As for ground diameter,the selected species averaged 2.6 mm,which was higher （13.0％） compared with the average level （2.3 mm）.[Conclusion]Both of seedling height and ground diameter reached extremely significant differences,which indicated that half-sib families of Phoebe bournei have rich variations,with selection and breeding potential.

闽楠(Phoebe bournei,Lauraceae)地理分布及随气候变化的分布格局模拟

掌握气候变化对珍稀濒危物种的分布和适应性变化趋势的影响,是开展保护生物学研究的基础。闽楠(Phoebe bournei)是我国东部亚热带森林的优势树种,也是金丝楠木的主要来源树种。它具有重要的经济、园林与生态价值,目前已被列为国家II级保护植物。预测不同气候背景下该物种的地理分布格局可为这一珍贵树种的资源保护、合理利用与开发提供指导依据,同时也为闽楠的起源与地理分化研究奠定基础。本研究基于闽楠的123个分布点信息与19个气候因子,采用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)与ArcGIS空间分析,构建闽楠于末次冰期(距今22000年)、当前(1950-2000年)以及未来(2050年与2070年)相应地潜在分布区格局,并确定未来受威胁的适生区、面积与影响分布的气候因子。结果表明:闽楠的适生区覆盖浙江、福建、江西、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、贵州及重庆,制约闽楠地理分布的气候因子主要是温度季节性变化标准差(Bio4)、最暖月最高温(Bio5)与最干季降水量(Bio17);在末次盛冰期闽楠退缩到我国东部的许多山区,诸如武夷山、浙闽丘陵、武陵山、雪峰山、湘黔桂毗邻的山区;随着全球气候变暖,到2050年与2070年闽楠的适生区有着破碎化甚至丧失的风险。

闽楠〔Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang〕种群的天然更新

调查了福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠〔Ｐｈｏｅｂｅｂｏｕｒｎｅｉ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｙａｎｇ〕种群天然更新情况，结果表明：闽楠种群天然更新良好，种子繁殖更新是其天然更新的主要方式，种群年龄结构呈“金字塔”型，它能使闽楠种群稳定增长；也可通过萌蘖繁殖进行天然更新，但更新能力较弱，种群净生殖率Ｒｏ＜１．０，内禀增长能力ｒｍ＜０，种群数量将递减。林冠下和林窗中更新均能使闽楠种群稳定增长，由于闽楠种子以重力传播为主，集中于母树周围，且幼苗与幼树能耐一定荫蔽，故在现存亚热带闽楠群落中，林冠下是闽楠种群更新的主要场所。

Phenotypic variation in Phoebe bournei populations preserved in the primary distribution area

Phoebe bournei（Hemsl.） Yang is a rare and protected plant in China. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic variation in this species and to document phenotypic variation within and among populations of P. bournei. Nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation, multiple comparisons, principal component analysis（PCA） and correlation analysis were used to analyze ten phenotypic traits in ten natural populations of P.bournei from both the northeastern and the primary region of the range of this species. Significant differences among and within populations were observed in leaf and seed phenotypic traits. Variation among populations（34.92%）was greater than that within populations（26.19%）. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 53.77% among populations, indicating that variation among populations comprised the majority of the phenotypic variation of P. bournei. The coefficient of variance（CV） of ten traits varied from 6.44 to 18.45%, with an average of 12.03%.The CV of leaf traits among populations（15.64%） was higher than that of seed traits（8.60%）, indicating that seed traits were more stable. The results from CV and PCA indicated that leaf area, leaf length and thousand seed weight were the main factors accounting for the observed phenotypic variations. Significant or highly significant correlations were observed among most leaf and/or in seed phenotypic traits, whereas no significant correlations were observed between phenotypic traits and geographic factors.Based on cluster analysis, the ten populations can be divided into three clusters. These clusters were not a result of geographic distances.

福建罗卜岩闽楠(Phoebe bournei)林中优势树种生态位研究

在福建省三明市罗卜岩自然保护区内选择由落叶阔叶树种为主的常绿落叶阔叶混交林向中亚热带典型常绿阔叶林演替过程中的 4个不同演替阶段的代表性群落 ,以群落组成类型作为一维资源位 ,以树种的重要值作为资源位上的表现特征 ,定量分析了闽楠林中优势树种生态位宽度和生态位重叠情况。结果表明 ,大部分的常绿阔叶树种具有较大的生态位宽度值 ,而落叶阔叶树种则呈现较小的生态位宽度值 ;两类树种的 ;生态位虽有一定程度的重叠 ,但总体仍然较低。这些结果与两类树种对光等生态因子要求不同直接相关。生态位宽度值较大的常绿阔叶树种之间可产生较高的生态位重叠值。生态位宽度值较大的树种与生态位宽度较小的树种也可产生较大的生态位重叠值 ,但较小生态位宽度值的树种与较大生态位宽度值的树种往往只有小的生态位重叠值。而较小生态位宽度值的树种之间则可有较高的生态位重叠值。

Study on the Structural Characteristics and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Phoebe bournei Thinning Wood

The artificial afforestation of precious Phoebe bournei has been carried out in China.During the cultivation process,thinning wood will be produced.The properties of thinning wood might vary greatly with matured wood and require evaluation for better utilization.The objective of the present study aims to determine the wood structure,fiber morphology,and physical and mechanical properties of the Phoebe bournei thinning wood to help us understand the wood properties and improve its utility value.Three 14-year-old Phoebe bournei were cut from Jindong Forestry Farm of Hunan Province,China.The wood structure and fiber morphology were observed and analyzed with a light microscope and scanning electron microscope.The physical and mechanical properties were tested according to the Chinese national standards.The results showed as follows:(1)The Phoebe bournei thinning wood has a beautiful wood figure and fine texture,whereas the heartwood has not yet formed.(2)It is a diffuse-porous hardwood with small and less pores as well as fine wood rays.(3)The wood fiber is medium length and extremely thin wall thickness.(4)It is low in density and has excellent dimensionally stability.(5)The wood mechanical properties belong to the low to medium class and the comprehensive strength of wood belongs to the medium-strength class.It is concluded that Phoebe bournei thinning wood is suitable for wood carving,handicraft,high-end furniture,and decorative furniture parts.

Comparision of the Leaf Morphology of Two Phoebe bournei Varieties

To study the leaf variation and morphological diversity of Phoebe bournei,the leaves of two leaf types and one wild type in the same growth environment,which were marked as Type A,B,and C with wild type being marked as B,were used as testing materials.40 healthy mature leaves collected from healthy plants were taken as research samples and phenotypic characteristics,such as leaf shape,leaf length,leaf width,leaf area,and leaf vein were observed and analyzed.The leaves of Type A were oblanceolate,the base of the leaves was gradually narrow,and the tip of the leaves was gradually sharp.There were white pubescences on the back of the leaves,which were arranged in order.The pubescences were evenly distributed on the mesophyll and vein,in the same direction.The length,width,perimeter,and area of the leaves were smaller than those of the other two types.The leaves of Type B were narrow,oblanceolate,wedge-shaped at the base,long acuminate at the tip,with yellow brown villi on the back of the leaves,mainly distributed along the vein and the grid vein between the veins;the villi on the main veins were longer,and the villi between the mesophylls were less numerous and shorter.The length,perimeter,and aspect ratio of the blade were the largest of the three types and the whole blade was slender.Type C leaves were elliptical with a nearly truncated base and a sharp tip.There were white pubescences on the back of the leaves and less mesophyll pubescence along the veins.The length-width ratio of the blade was small,the width was large,and the whole blade was round.There were significant differences among the three leaf types of P.bournei and preliminary judgement was that Type A and Type C were spontaneous mutants.

闽楠群体遗传结构分析与核心种质库构建

【目的】基于SSR分子标记技术研究珍稀濒危保护树种闽楠群体的遗传结构,构建核心种质资源库,为种质资源的科学管理、有效保护和高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用33对多态性SSR引物,分析来自福建、江西、湖南、浙江、广西5省(区)27个种源地218个闽楠家系425份种质资源群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。应用DateTrans1.0联合Popgene32软件计算观测等位基因数(N_(a))、有效等位基因数(N_(e))、观测杂合度(H_(o))、期望杂合度(H_(e))、Shannon信息指数(I)和Nei’s基因多样性指数(H);运用STRUCTURE 2.3.4软件对9个闽楠群体进行遗传类群划分。采用最小距离逐步取样法构建核心种质库,通过对相关遗传参数的t检验验证核心种质库的有效性。【结果】依据种质来源地的地理分布,218个家系可分成9个群体;种质资源群体的平均有效等位基因数(N_(e))、观测杂合度(H_(o))、期望杂合度(H_(e))均值、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为2.159、0.224、0.477和0.841,表明闽楠种质资源群体具较高遗传多样性;群体遗传结构分析表明,9个群体可划分为3个亚群;425份原始种质经最小距离逐步聚类取样得到85份核心种质和340份保留种质,核心种质占原始种质的20%,其N_(a)、N_(e)、H_(o)、H_(e)、I和H保留率分别为92.318%、103.803%、116.652%、105.052%、103.341%和104.664%。t检验表明核心种质和原始种质的遗传多样性参数无显著差异,能充分代表原始种质的遗传多样性。【结论】构建的核心种质库在保留原始种质库遗传多样性的基础上,去除遗传冗余,有利于闽楠种质资源的有效保护和科学利用,为进一步育种工作奠定基础。

闽楠-杉木人工混交林混交比对闽楠生长形质和空间利用能力的影响

为了分析混交比例对闽楠-杉木人工混交林中闽楠生长形质性状、空间利用能力的影响,明确珍贵用材树种闽楠的经营方向,以江西省分宜县上村实验林场6年生闽楠-杉木人工混交林和闽楠纯林为研究对象,分析不同混交比例处理对闽楠生长、干形形质、空间利用能力的影响,并通过主成分分析方法综合评价不同混交比例的闽楠生长表现,筛选出最佳混交模式。结果表明:(1)混交处理促进了闽楠生长,改善了闽楠干形形质。2楠1杉混交处理中,闽楠的胸径、树高、单株材积、枝下高、枝下高比例均为最大,分别比闽楠纯林增加了21.44%、31.78%、79.41%、48.00%、30.23%(P<0.05);但尖削度和胸高形数均小于闽楠纯林,尖削度和胸高形数分别降低了24.43%、7.20%。(2)混交处理提升了闽楠的空间利用能力。混交林的平均冠幅、冠高、树冠体积、树冠表面积、生长空间指数均显著高于闽楠纯林,各指标分别提高了6.49%~10.27%、11.28%~27.89%、45.36%~86.09%、27.56%~44.39%、13.24%~36.76%;但混交林的树冠圆满度均低于闽楠纯林。(3)混交处理能够改善闽楠的生长特征和空间利用能力,综合评价得分由高到低依次为2楠1杉(2.282)、1楠1杉(1.479)、3楠1杉(0.973)、纯林(-1.365),2楠1杉混交处理为最优混交比例。因此,营建闽楠-杉木人工混交林可提升闽楠的生长形质和空间利用能力。

闽楠-木荷混交林空间结构及其养分利用

【目的】为探讨混交林中闽楠和木荷的种间关系,确定木荷能否作为闽楠的伴生树种营建健康高效的闽楠-木荷混交林。【方法】以金洞林场16年生的闽楠-木荷混交林以及闽楠纯林、木荷纯林为研究对象,通过分析闽楠-木荷混交林的根系分布特性与林分空间结构特性来探讨闽楠-木荷混交林地上与地下部分的种间关系;通过分析不同物候期下3种林分的闽楠与木荷叶片养分的动态规律来阐明闽楠与木荷之间的养分利用关系。【结果】1)在16年生闽楠-木荷混交林中,在闽楠周围1.5 m内闽楠和木荷的根系分布虽有部分重叠,但闽楠仍占据优势地位,闽楠和木荷在地下生长空间和养分吸收利用方面存在竞争但竞争不激烈;2)整体林分空间结构上,闽楠、木荷纯林略优于闽楠-木荷混交林,说明混交林的树种不同,树种之间的生长特性和生态特性不一样,林分的均一性会差一些,对其调整结构的难度要大于纯林。混交林中,木荷已对闽楠形成了一定的竞争优势;3)闽楠-木荷混交林中,对养分吸收利用在物候期上部分不同步,存在相对有利的互补关系;从所有的物候期来看,闽楠叶片的N、P、K含量在大部分时期都高于木荷,表明闽楠-木荷混交更有利于闽楠对养分的吸收利用,木荷对养分的需求更低;4)16年生混交林中闽楠、木荷的生长速度要优于相应的纯林,表明前期竞争促进了林分的生长。【结论】闽楠与木荷混交有利于闽楠获得更多的养分,适度竞争促进了林木的生长,木荷是闽楠较好的伴生树种。

不同规格闽楠容器苗造林早期生长分析

为筛选出适宜闽楠Phoebe bournei造林的容器苗规格,选取6种规格容器苗,进行1~8 a林分生长动态分析。结果表明,不同规格闽楠容器苗平均造林保存率为90.78%,闽楠2 a生Ⅰ级苗造林8 a的保存率高达100%。3 a生Ⅰ级苗闽楠造林1 a、2 a、3 a、6 a 8个月、8 a的地径生长量均最大,分别达5.86、12.94、26.89、49.24、54.65 mm。2 aⅠ级苗造林的树高年平均生长量为46.87 cm,比最低值高42.38%。闽楠3 a生Ⅰ级苗造林8 a的胸径和单株材积均最高,分别达5.75 cm、0.0060 m^(3);闽楠2 a生Ⅰ级苗和3 a生Ⅰ级苗造林的综合评分均较高,分别达0.7844、0.5104。建议选用闽楠2 a生Ⅰ级苗和3 a生Ⅰ级苗进行造林,林分易成林成材,造林效果好。

不同基质配方对浙江楠和闽楠容器苗生长的影响

研究采用泥炭、树皮、谷壳、珍珠岩、黄心土、河沙、田土等原料,按照不同体积比例配制了11种基质配方,探讨了这些配方对浙江楠和闽楠容器苗生长的影响,旨在筛选出这2种珍贵树种的最佳育苗基质。结果表明:配方3(泥炭∶树皮∶谷壳∶珍珠岩=2.5∶4∶2∶1.5)最适宜浙江楠容器苗的培育,而配方7(泥炭∶树皮∶谷壳∶珍珠岩∶河沙=1∶4∶2.5∶0.5∶2)则更适合闽楠容器苗的生长。这一差异可能源于2种树种在生物学特性、生长习性以及对环境条件的适应性上的不同。适宜浙江楠生长的基质依赖泥炭基质,因其提供优质养分和良好物理环境,而对闽楠而言,使用树皮和谷壳等替代材料,也获得良好育苗效果,且成本更低,为林业生产提供经济可持续的育苗方案。

基于SSR分子标记的闽楠(Phoebe bournei)核心种质的构建

为更好地发掘和利用现有闽楠种质资源,本研究利用7个SSR位点对江西和福建16个闽楠群体的237份材料进行基因型分析,采用逐步聚类(随机取样策略,位点优先取样策略)和模拟退火算法(等位基因数目最大化策略,遗传距离最大化策略)4种取样方法构建闽楠核心种质,并将各遗传多样性指标进行分析。结果表明:7个SSR位点共检测到50个等位基因,平均为7.143,平均有效等位基因为2.115,Shannon信息指数为0.778,观测杂合度为0.302,期望杂合度为0.442。基于逐步聚类方法构建的核心种质相较于基于模拟退火算法构建的核心种质各遗传参数指标都相对较高。对其进行t检验后,选择以基于逐步聚类位点优先取样策略在25%的取样比例下选取的种质为核心种质,其等位基因数、平均有效等位基因数、多态性位点百分率、Shannon多样性指数的保留率分别为初始种质的98%、104.92%、90.09%、97.94%。筛选出的59份核心种质材料能够较好地代表闽楠种质资源的遗传多样性,为闽楠的种质资源保存提供科学依据。

南方红壤丘陵区水土保持林对枯落物和土壤养分的影响

探究不同水土保持林土壤有机碳及土壤养分变化,为水土保持林的营造提供科学依据。以湖南省金洞林场15年生杉木-闽楠混交林、闽楠纯林、杉木纯林为研究对象,测定不同季节土壤有机碳、土壤及凋落物养分含量,分析不同林分组成和季节对土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明,林分组成和季节对土壤有机碳含量存在显著影响,土壤有机碳主要受全N、全P、可溶性有机碳、可溶性有机N的影响。不同林分下,土壤养分和凋落物养分存在显著差异,杉木-闽楠混交林土壤和凋落物养分显著高于杉木纯林、闽楠纯林,其土壤有机碳、全N、全P比杉木纯林高35.07%~52.63%,凋落物矿质元素含量比闽楠纯林高25.35%~45.16%。季节因子对土壤养分的影响高于凋落物养分,季节因子对凋落物矿质元素无显著影响。林分组成对土壤有机碳的影响主要通过改变土壤理化性质,特别是N素含量来影响土壤有机碳;季节因子对土壤有机碳的影响通过改变水热条件及凋落物分解速率,从而影响土壤有机碳的输入、输出。研究结果对南方红壤地区水土保持林的营造具有一定的参考意义。

闽楠幼苗适应弱光环境的可塑性研究

为深入研究闽楠幼苗在极弱光环境下的可塑性及生存策略,该文以2年生闽楠幼苗为试验材料,通过人工遮阴方式模拟不同光环境(100%、35%和10%透光率),测定不同处理下闽楠幼苗叶片表观形态、解剖结构和光合生理等参数,探讨幼苗形态、生理可塑性与光适应的内在联系。结果表明:(1)闽楠幼苗的叶长、叶宽、叶面积和比叶面积(SLA)均随着光强的减弱而增加,叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和栅海比值(栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度)等均以10%透光率下最小。(2)35%透光率的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、光能利用率(LUE)、光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的光化学淬灭系数(q_(p))、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)、有效光合量子产量(F_(v)′/F_(m)′)及潜在光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(o))等均显著高于100%和10%透光率处理。(3)叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素总量及最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))等均随着光强的减弱而增加,但叶绿素a/b随着光照强度的减弱而降低。(4)幼苗结构和生理表型可塑性指数显示,光合色素含量特征>形态特征>光合特征>解剖结构特征>叶绿素荧光参数特征,其中叶面积、SLA、P_(n)、G_(s)、LUE及光合色素含量的表型可塑性指数在0.455~0.755之间。综上所述,闽楠幼苗不适宜在全光照下生长,在35%左右的透光率下表现良好;在10%透光率下,闽楠叶片通过增加叶面积、SLA、P_(n)及光合色素含量来提高对光能的捕获;弱光下闽楠幼苗主要通过调节光合色素含量与形态的可塑性,协同解剖结构、光合生理及叶绿素荧光参数可塑性的变化来适应弱光环境。该研究可为今后闽楠栽培管理提供理论依据。

杉木闽楠异龄复层林中闽楠叶片形态适应特征

以不同杉木闽楠复层林经营模式(TN40处理和TN60处理)中的闽楠叶片为研究材料,探讨不同处理对闽楠阴生叶、阳生叶的表型性状、解剖结构及气孔形态的影响。结果表明:从同一光环境不同叶型来看,TN40处理的闽楠阳生叶的叶片厚度、比叶重、栅栏组织厚度、中脉厚度较阴生叶分别增加了13.77%、9.86%、7.49%、11.79%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05);TN60处理的闽楠阳生叶的叶片厚度、叶组织密度、比叶重、气孔密度较阴生叶分别增加了6.32%、9.46%、8.70%、6.42%,差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。从同一叶型不同光环境来看,闽楠阳生叶在TN40处理下叶干物质含量、比叶重、上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、中脉厚度、气孔密度较TN60处理分别提高了6.13%、4.00%、11.62%、12.17%、15.22%、8.80%、9.00%,而叶片含水率、叶组织密度则分别降低了5.04%、3.97%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05);闽楠阴生叶在TN40处理下叶面积、叶干物质含量、气孔密度较TN60处理分别增加了5.52%、5.50%、11.25%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。从闽楠叶片形态适应特征来看,TN40处理更适合闽楠的培育。

闽楠凋落物浸提液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

采用不同浓度凋落枝、凋落叶浸提液处理闽楠(Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang)种子和幼苗,测定其萌发、生长及生理指标。结果显示:(1)整体上,闽楠凋落枝和凋落叶浸提液对自身种子萌发表现为抑制作用,且抑制作用均随两种浸提液浓度升高而增强,且凋落枝抑制作用大于凋落叶。在发芽指标上,抑制强度表现为枝>叶;在根芽长度上,抑制强度表现为叶>枝;综合化感效应表现为枝>叶。(2)凋落枝浸提液对一年生闽楠幼苗生长指标表现为抑制作用,凋落叶浸提液表现为“低促高抑”的效应。高浓度浸提液可严重抑制幼苗生长,并造成大量叶片出现斑点、萎缩和枯黄;(3)闽楠凋落物浸提液对闽楠幼苗生理的影响较为复杂,高浓度浸提液可造成幼苗生理紊乱,导致其抗氧化系统异常,引起丙二醛含量显著增加,叶片细胞膜通透性增大,导致植株处于非正常生长状态,而长期浇灌低浓度浸提液也会使植物处于胁迫状态而引起相关生理指标变化。