Weldability of steel used in an aged bridge

A series of experiments was performed to investigate the weldability of steel used in an aged bridge.A steel material used in an aged railway bridge constructed in 1912 was extracted for this investigation.The chemical compositions of this steel were suitable for welding.However,the aged steel contained much sulfur.Cruciform welded joints were fabricated with this aged steel.Welding defects or cracks were not observed in the joints.The Vickers hardness test on the welded part did not confirm extreme hardening or softening.After yielding by the static tensile test,the cruciform joints were fractured at the welded parts.One of the specimens was fractured in the middle of the thickness of the aged steel.The Sulfur contained in the aged steel might cause this type of fracture.The results show that there may be a risk of brittle fracture not only from the welded part but also from the base metal.The chemical compositions of aged steel must be analyzed when repair welding is applied to the steel.

DABDAB2相互作用蛋白和相互作用蛋白和β-联蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达联蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的目的探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中DAB2相互作用蛋白(DAB2IP)和β-联蛋白(β-catenin)表达情况,并分析其与食管鳞状细胞癌患者临床特征和预后的关系。方法方法收集92例食管鳞状细胞癌患者的食管鳞状细胞癌组织和癌旁正常黏膜组织,另取55例食管上皮内瘤变患者的食管上皮内瘤变组织。采用免疫组化法检测3种组织中DAB2IP和β-catenin表达情况,并分析其与食管鳞状细胞癌患者临床特征的关系。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,分析DAB2IP和β-catenin表达情况与患者预后的关系。采用Cox回归模型分析食管鳞状细胞癌患者预后的影响因素。结果结果食管鳞状细胞癌组织中DAB2IP阳性表达率低于食管上皮内瘤变组织和癌旁正常黏膜组织,β-catenin阳性表达率高于食管上皮内瘤变组织和癌旁正常黏膜组织,食管上皮内瘤变组织中β-catenin阳性表达率高于癌旁正常黏膜组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。食管鳞状细胞癌组织中DAB2IP和β-catenin表达呈负相关(r=-0.609,P﹤0.01)。不同分化程度、远处转移情况、淋巴结转移情况和TNM分期食管鳞状细胞癌患者的食管鳞状细胞癌组织中DAB2IP阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);不同分化程度、浸润深度、远处转移情况、淋巴结转移情况和TNM分期食管鳞状细胞癌患者的食管鳞状细胞癌组织中β-catenin阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。DAB2IP阳性表达患者生存情况优于DAB2IP阴性表达患者,β-catenin阴性表达患者生存情况优于β-catenin阳性表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,远处转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和DAB2IP阴性表达均是食管鳞状细胞癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论结论食管鳞状细胞癌组织中DAB2IP阳性表达率较低,β-catenin阳性表达率较高,二者有可能成为食管鳞状细胞癌临床诊断和预后评估的重要指标。

三重移相控制的DAB变换器多目标统一优化控制策略

针对双有源桥变换器存在电流应力大、全部开关管软开关实现困难以及动态响应慢的问题,提出1种基于三重移相控制的多目标统一优化控制策略。分析三重移相控制正向功率流的全局模式,选出其中3种高效率模式并建立电流应力和软开关解析模型。结合模型,采用成本函数优化方程推导不同模式下的最优移相比组合和最小电流应力,使开关管运行在零电压开关功率约束范围内。同时在效率优化过程中引入虚拟功率分量,构建小信号模型并阐明不同状态变量的小扰动对输出电压的影响较小。实验结果表明,所提控制策略可以在全功率范围内降低双有源桥变换器的电流应力且使所有开关管实现零电压开通,同时还能够提高输出电压的动态性能。

皮肤鳞状细胞癌组织Sirt3、DAB2IP表达与病理特征相关性及对术后复发的预测意义

目的分析皮肤鳞状细胞癌(cSCC)组织沉默信息调节因子3(Sirt3)、DOC2/DAB2相互作用蛋白(DAB2IP)表达与病理特征的关系,并分析二者对术后复发的预测价值。方法选取2018年7月—2020年6月本院cSCC患者193例,均行扩大切除病灶手术。观察cSCC患者肿瘤组织与癌旁组织Sirt3、DAB2IP表达情况,统计术后复发情况并比较术后复发与未复发cSCC患者的相关资料,采用Logistic回归分析cSCC患者术后复发的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Sirt3、DAB2IP预测cSCC患者术后复发的价值,绘制Sirt3、DAB2IP预测cSCC患者术后复发的决策曲线并进行分析,不同Sirt3、DAB2IP表达的cSCC患者术后复发情况。结果cSCC患者肿瘤组织Sirt3、DAB2IP高表达例数多于低表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);193例患者术后复发42例,未复发151例,术后复发的cSCC患者病灶直径、分化程度、术后切缘阳性、Sirt3及DAB2IP表达情况与未复发患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);分化程度为低分化、术后切缘阳性Sirt3及DAB2IP高表达是cSCC患者术后复发的独立危险因素(P<0.05);Sirt3、DAB2IP联合检测预测cSCC患者术后复发的曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.669,高于二者单独检测;决策曲线分析显示,当风险阈值为0.20~0.45时,Sirt3、DAB2IP联合检测的净受益率大于单独检测;Sirt3+/DAB2IP+的cSCC患者术后复发率明显高于Sirt3+/DAB2IP-、Sirt3-/DAB2IP+及Sirt3-/DAB2IP-的患者(P<0.05)。结论cSCC组织中Sirt3、DAB2IP均呈高表达,二者同时高表达表明患者术后复发风险较高,可通过检测二者表达情况为临床早期筛查提供依据。

基于扩展移相的ISOP-DAB变换器混合优化控制方法

输入串联输出并联-双有源电桥(ISOP-DAB)变换器多应用于大功率高电压场合,为降低ISOP-DAB变换器的电流应力并提高系统的动态性能,本文提出一种基于扩展移相调制混合优化控制方法。首先分析在扩展移相下变换器的工作模式和功率模型,通过拉格朗日优化算法获取电流应力最优的相移组合,并结合虚拟电压均衡控制方案,以应对负载突变或输入电压扰动状态,同时结合变换器的结构特征使用输入电压均值完成模块间功率的动态平衡。最后,将混合优化控制方法、基于单移相的虚拟功率控制和传统的扩展移相优化控制进行对比实验。实验结果证明了混合优化控制在功率均分的同时可以实现电流应力优化,提高能量传输效率,同时也显著地改善了变换器在扰动情况下的动态特性。

基于“仿真—半实物仿真—实物”三阶段开发流程的DAB变换器实验探索与研究

该文以双有源桥DC-DC变换器为对象,详细分析了变换器在三重移相调制下的两种数学模型,又基于这两种数学模型提出了对应的电感电流优化控制策略,搭建了包含MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台、StarSim半实物仿真平台和实物平台的三阶段实验平台,在平台中通过实验验证了优化控制策略的可行性和有效性。所设计的三阶段开发流程能够加深学生对电力电子领域相关知识的理解,逐步提升学生的理论分析能力、仿真验证能力和实践操作能力。

DAB变换器双重移相改进控制策略研究

为了优化双有源桥(DAB)变换器的电流应力,基于传统双重移相(DPS)调制方式,提出一种改进的双重移相(IDPS)调制方式。首先介绍了IDPS调制方式的工作原理,分析了其稳态下的工作特性,建立了电流应力关于传输功率的数学模型,接着采用拉格朗日乘子法求得了IDPS调制方式的电流应力最优值,并与传统的单重移相(SPS)和DPS调制方式对比分析。最后搭建实验平台验证了所提改进控制策略优化电流应力的有效性,同时提高了变换器的效率。

DAB储能变换器双闭环模型预测控制与PI补偿控制策略研究

针对直流微电网中分布式电源输入输出功率不稳定造成的直流母线电压波动问题,鉴于双有源桥(DAB)储能变换器具有能量双向流动的特点,提出一种基于内模原理的双闭环模型预测控制策略。在分析DAB变换器扩展移相调制原理与特性基础上,重点研究电压外环和电流内环的模型预测控制策略。针对模型预测控制性能依赖电路参数准确度问题,分别从电路主要参数失配对功率传输和直流母线稳压的影响两个角度出发,深入分析模型参数敏感度。最终设置直流母线电压稳态误差灵敏度区,在误差灵敏度区外仅采用双闭环模型预测控制以保证系统的动态响应性能,在误差灵敏度区内采用双闭环模型预测控制和PI补偿控制以消除系统稳态误差。搭建实验平台进行实验验证,结果表明:在系统受到扰动时,DAB储能变换器可实现快速地充放电对系统进行补偿,混合控制策略可快速保持母线电压的稳定,实现系统功率均衡,增强系统抗扰能力。

Deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges based on SBAS-InSAR technology

The deformation monitoring of long-span railway bridges is significant to ensure the safety of human life and property.The interferometric synthetic aperture radar(In SAR)technology has the advantage of high accuracy in bridge deformation monitoring.This study monitored the deformation of the Ganjiang Super Bridge based on the small baseline subsets(SBAS)In SAR technology and Sentinel-1A data.We analyzed the deformation results combined with bridge structure,temperature,and riverbed sediment scouring.The results are as follows:(1)The Ganjiang Super Bridge area is stable overall,with deformation rates ranging from-15.6 mm/yr to 10.7 mm/yr(2)The settlement of the Ganjiang Super Bridge deck gradually increases from the bridge tower toward the main span,which conforms to the typical deformation pattern of a cable-stayed bridge.(3)The sediment scouring from the riverbed cause the serious settlement on the bridge’s east side compared with that on the west side.(4)The bridge deformation negatively correlates with temperature,with a faster settlement at a higher temperature and a slow rebound trend at a lower temperature.The study findings can provide scientific data support for the health monitoring of long-span railway bridges.

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether they are physiological or pathological.

Auto-parametric resonance of a continuous-beam-bridge model under two-point periodic excitation:an experimental investigation and stability analysis

The auto-parametric resonance of a continuous-beam bridge model subjected to a two-point periodic excitation is experimentally and numerically investigated in this study.An auto-parametric resonance experiment of the test model is conducted to observe and measure the auto-parametric resonance of a continuous beam under a two-point excitation on columns.The parametric vibration equation is established for the test model using the finite-element method.The auto-parametric resonance stability of the structure is analyzed by using Newmark's method and the energy-growth exponent method.The effects of the phase difference of the two-point excitation on the stability boundaries of auto-parametric resonance are studied for the test model.Compared with the experiment,the numerical instability predictions of auto-parametric resonance are consistent with the test phenomena,and the numerical stability boundaries of auto-parametric resonance agree with the experimental ones.For a continuous beam bridge,when the ratio of multipoint excitation frequency(applied to the columns)to natural frequency of the continuous girder is approximately equal to 2,the continuous beam may undergo a strong auto-parametric resonance.Combined with the present experiment and analysis,a hypothesis of Volgograd Bridge's serpentine vibration is discussed.

Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

Bridge Bidding via Deep Reinforcement Learning and Belief Monte Carlo Search

Contract Bridge,a four-player imperfect information game,comprises two phases:bidding and playing.While computer programs excel at playing,bidding presents a challenging aspect due to the need for information exchange with partners and interference with communication of opponents.In this work,we introduce a Bridge bidding agent that combines supervised learning,deep reinforcement learning via self-play,and a test-time search approach.Our experiments demonstrate that our agent outperforms WBridge5,a highly regarded computer Bridge software that has won multiple world championships,by a performance of 0.98 IMPs(international match points)per deal over 10000 deals,with a much cost-effective approach.The performance significantly surpasses previous state-of-the-art(0.85 IMPs per deal).Note 0.1 IMPs per deal is a significant improvement in Bridge bidding.

A Rapid Crack Detection Technique Based on Attention for Intelligent M&O of Cross-Sea Bridge

Rapid and accurate segmentation of structural cracks is essential for ensuring the quality and safety of engineering projects.In practice,however,this task faces the challenge of finding a balance between detection accuracy and efficiency.To alleviate this problem,a lightweight and efficient real-time crack segmentation framework was developed.Specifically,in the network model system based on an encoding-decoding structure,the encoding network is equipped with packet convolution and attention mechanisms to capture features of different visual scales in layers,and in the decoding process,we also introduce a fusion module based on spatial attention to effectively aggregate these hierarchical features.Codecs are connected by pyramid pooling model(PPM)filtering.The results show that the crack segmentation accuracy and real-time operation capability larger than 76%and 15 fps,respectively,are validated by three publicly available datasets.These wide-ranging results highlight the potential of the model for the intelligent O&M for cross-sea bridge.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

Alkylene-functionality in bridged and fused nitrogen-rich poly-cyclic energetic materials:Synthesis,structural diversity and energetic properties

From the standpoint of chemical structures,the organic backbones of energetic materials can be classified into aromatic rings,nonaromatic rings,and open chains.Although the category of aromatic energetic compounds exhibits several advantages in the regulation of energetic properties,the nonaromatic heterocycles,assembling nitramino explosophores with simple alkyl bridges,still have prevailed in benchmark materials.The methylene bridge plays a pivotal role in the constructions of the classic nonaromatic heterocycle-based energetic compounds,e.g.,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine(HMX),whereas ethylene bridge is the core moiety of state-of-the-art explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20).In this context,it is of great interest to employ simple and practical bridges to assemble aromatic and nonaromatic nitrogen-rich heterocycles,thereby expanding the structural diversity of energetic materials,e.g.,bridged and fused nitrogen-rich poly-heterocycles.Furthermore,alkyl-bridged poly-heterocycles highlight the potential for the open chain type of energetic materials.In this review,the development of alkyl bridges in linking nitrogen-rich heterocycles is presented,and the perspective of the newly constructed energetic backbones is summarized for the future design of advanced energetic materials.

Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with different connection configurations

Seismic fragility analysis of three-tower cable-stayed bridges with three different structural systems,including rigid system(RS),floating system(FS),and passive energy dissipation system(PEDS),is conducted to study the effects of connection configurations on seismic responses and fragilities.Finite element models of bridges are established using OpenSees.A new ground motion screening method based on the statistical characteristic of the predominant period is proposed to avoid irregular behavior in the selection process of ground motions,and incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is performed to develop components and systems fragility curves.The effects of damper failure on calculated results for PEDS are examined in terms of seismic response and fragility analysis.The results show that the bridge tower is the most affected component by different structural systems.For RS,the fragility of the middle tower is significantly higher than other components,and the bridge failure starts from the middle tower,exhibiting a characteristic of local failure.For FS and PEDS,the fragility of the edge tower is higher than the middle tower.The system fragility of RS is higher than FS and PEDS.Taking the failure of dampers into account is necessary to obtain reliable seismic capacity of cable-stayed bridges.

Dynamic Characteristics of Long -Span Steel -Concrete CompositeBeam Bridge Based on Vehicle -Bridge Coupling Effect

In order to investigate the effect of vehicle-bridge coupling on the dynamic characteristics of the bridge,a steel-concrete composite beam suspension bridge is taken as the research object,and a three-dimensional spatial model of the bridge and a biaxial vehicle model of the vehicle are established,and then a vehicle-bridge coupling vibration system is constructed on the basis of the Nemak-βmethod,and the impact coefficients of each part of the bridge are obtained under different bridge deck unevenness and vehicle speed.The simulation results show that the bridge deck unevenness has the greatest influence on the vibration response of the bridge,and the bridge impact coefficient increases along with the increase in the level of bridge deck unevenness,and the impact coefficient of the main longitudinal girder and the secondary longitudinal girder achieves the maximum value when the level 4 unevenness is 0.328 and 0.314,respectively;when the vehicle speed is increased,the vibration response of the bridge increases and then decreases,and the impact coefficient of the bridge in the middle of the bridge at a speed of 60 km/h achieves the maximum value of 0.192.

Bridge Condition Assessment by Visual Inspection-Croatian Experience

Most decisions relating to bridge maintenance are founded on assessments that are based on visual inspections conducted by specially trained engineers,using procedures and aids defined in the management system.Visual inspection is the main tool for bridge condition assessment,and is therefore of crucial significance for planning periodic maintenance activities.Paper shall present the study aimed at harmonizing bridge assessment activities,which was conducted in early 2012 in company Hrvatske ceste-Croatian National Road Authority.Small RC bridges were chosen for this study,since visual inspection is usually only tool utilized for their assessment.Ratings obtained by inspection were analyzed using methods of mathematical statistics.The results point to weaknesses in the current assessment system,while the study itself constitutes a good basis for further improvement of management aids,manuals and procedures for bridge inspection.

Field survey and analysis on near-fault severely damaged high-speed railway bridge in 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake

The 2022 M6.9 Menyuan earthquake caused severe damage to a high-speed railway bridge,which was designed for high-speed trains running at speeds of above 250 km/h and is located right next to the fault.Bridges of this type have been widely used for rapidly constructing the high-speed railway network,but few bridges have been tested by near-fault devastating earthquakes.The potential severe impact of the earthquake on the high-speed railway is not only the safety of the infrastructure,trains and passengers,but also economic loss due to interrupted railway use.Therefore,a field survey was carried out immediately after the earthquake to collect time-sensitive data.The damage to the bridge was carefully investigated,and quantitative analyses were conducted to better understand the mechanism of the bridge failure.It was found that seismic action perpendicular to the bridge’s longitudinal direction caused severe damage to the girders and rails,while none of the piers showed obvious deformation or cracking.The maximum values of transverse displacement,out-of-plane rotation and twisting angle of girders reached 212.6 cm,3.1 degrees and 19.9 degrees,respectively,causing severe damage to the bearing supports and anti-seismic retaining blocks.These observations provide a basis for improving the seismic design of high-speed railway bridges located in near-fault areas.