Hyperacute experimental model of rat lung transplantation using a coronary shunt cannula

BACKGROUND Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.A rodent model is an inexpensive way to collect biological data from a living model after lung transplantation.However,mastering the surgical technique takes time owing to the small organ size.AIM To conduct rat lung transplantation using a shunt cannula(SC)or modified cannula(MC)and assess their efficacy.METHODS Rat lung transplantation was performed in 11 animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group.We devised a method of rat lung transplantation using a coronary SC for coronary artery bypass surgery as an anastomosis of pulmonary arteri-ovenous vessels and bronchioles.The same surgeon performed all surgical proce-dures in the donor and recipient rats without using a magnifying glass.The success rate of lung transplantation,operating time,and PaO2 values were com-pared after 2-h reperfusion after transplantation.RESULTS Ten and 12 lungs were successfully transplanted in the SC and MC groups,respectively.In the SC group,one animal had cardiac arrest within 1 h after reperfusion owing to bleeding during pulmonary vein anastomosis.The opera-ting time for the removal of the heart-lung block from the donor and preparation of the left lung graft was 26.8±2.3 and 25.7±1.3 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.21).The time required for left lung transplantation in the recipients was 37.5±2.8 min and 35.9±1.4 min in the SC and MC groups,respectively(P=0.12).PaO2 values at 2 h after reperfusion were 456.2±25.5 and INTRODUCTION Lung transplantation is a well-established treatment of end-stage lung disease.Many immune and non-immune mech-anisms in lung transplantation are highly complex,and post-transplant complications such as infections and primary and chronic lung allograft dysfunction must be reduced to improve survival.Therefore,there is a need for immunological and pathophysiological analyses using animal lung transplantation models.The rat lung transplantation model was first reported in 1971[1],followed by the Mizuta Cuff model[2]in 1989.Since then,various improvements in surgical techniques,cuffs,and instruments have been reported[3-7].The advantage of using a rodent model is that it permits inexpensive collection of biological data from a living model after lung transplantation.Although trained surgeons can perform the transplantation procedure,mastering the surgical technique takes time due to the small size of the organs.The risks associated with this technique include damage to the vulnerable pulmonary artery(PA)and pulmonary vein(PV)vessel walls during anastomosis,as well as stenosis of the anastomotic site.We developed an anastomotic technique using a coronary shunt cannula(SC)for cardiac coronary artery bypass surgery as an alternative to the previously reported cuff method[2-6].This method enables anastomosis by inserting and ligating a cannula into the lumen of the PA,PV,and bronchus(Br),which is simpler and more reliable than conventional methods.This study aimed to determine problems with rat lung transplantation using the SC,develop an improved cannula,and investigate its utility.RESULTS After creating 11 lung transplantation model animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group,all animals underwent reperfusion.One animal in the SC group had cardiac arrest 1 h after reperfusion due to hemorrhage caused by vessel wall injury during PV anastomosis.Two hours after reperfusion,we visually confirmed the maintenance of recipient hemody-namics and blood flow in the graft pulmonary cannula in 10 animals in the SC group and 12 in the MC group.The operating time for the removal of the heart-lung block from the donor and graft lung creation was 26.8±2.3 min in the SC group and 25.7±1.3 min in the MC group(P=0.21,Table 1).The duration for left lung transplantation into the recipient was 37.5±2.8 min in the SC group and 35.9±1.4 min(P=0.12,Table 1)in the MC group.Although no significant difference was found between the SC and MC groups,animals in the MC group experienced a slightly shorter operating time,smoother surgical technique,and less stressful procedure for the surgeons compared with those in the SC group.The graft lung coloration(Grade 1/2/3)after reperfusion was 0/2/8(SC group)and 0/2/10(MC group),and all grafts were reported to be successful,except in one animal in the SC group that had cardiac arrest(Table 2).The PaO2 values after 2 h of reperfusion were 456.2±25.5 mmHg in the SC group and 461.2±21.5 mmHg in the MC group(P=0.63,Table 3),showing no significant difference between the groups.

Intravenous Fracture of a Peripheral Cannula at the Dorsum of the Hand in a Patient Who Used Walking Aids after Surgery

In orthopaedic patients, peripheral intravenous (IV) cannulation is a common procedure for various clinical purposes. This patient was introduced with a 17G cannula in the basilic vein of the dorsal venous arch of the left hand prior to knee replacement surgery. Post knee surgery patients use walking aids for mobilization. Cannula which has been placed at the dorsum of the hand has a potential to bend at the neck of the cannula when the wrist bend while holding the walking aid. Repeated bending can result in fatigue fracture of the cannula neck. In this patient at the time of cannula removal, it was noted the catheter part is broken and proximal migration. Ultrasound guided localization was done and removed with a venotomy under local anesthesia. It is advisable to place peripheral venous cannulas well away from the wrist joint, which will prevent catheter bending and fracture. This is a very important point to consider when placing cannulas in orthopaedic patients who undergo surgical procedures.

Innominate Artery Cannulation Access in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Redo Sternotomy

Redo sternotomy in pediatric patients can be complicated due to the unsuitability of many arterial cannulation sites for the pediatric population. Innominate artery cannulation provides a safe and easily reproducible alternative and prevents many of the disadvantages seen in femoral and axillary artery cannulation. Its use in pediatric cardiac surgery has seen a rise [1]. Herein, we describe the technique for innominate artery cannulation in pediatric patients undergoing redo sternotomy and review our experience with the technique.

Experimental Study of Cavitation Phenomenon in a Centrifugal Blood Pump Induced by the Failure of Inlet Cannula

Cavitation of centrifugal blood pump is a serious problem accompany with the blocking failure of short inlet cannula. However, hardly any work has been seen in published literature on this complex cavitation phenomenon caused by the coupling effect of inlet cannula blocking and pumps suction. Even for cavitation studies on ordinary centrifugal pumps, similar researches on this issue are rare. In this paper, the roles of throttling, rotation speed and fluid viscosity on bubble inception and intensity in a centrifugal blood pump are studied, on the basis of experimental observations. An adjustable throttle valve installed just upstream blood pump inlet is used to simulate the throttling effect of the narrowed inlet cannula. The rotation speed is adjusted from 2 600 r/rain to 3 200 r/min. Glycerin water solutions are used to investigate the influences of kinetic viscosity. Bubbles are recorded with a high-speed video camera. Direct observation shows that different from cavitation in industrial centrifugal pumps, gas nuclei appears at the nearby of vane leading edges while throttling is light, then moves upstream to the joint position of inlet pipe and pump with the closing of the valve. It＇s found that the critical inlet pressure, obtained when bubbles are first observed, decreases linearly with viscosity and the slope is independent with rotation speeds; the critical inlet pressure and the inlet extreme pressure which is obtained when the throttle valve is nearly closed, fall linearly with rotation speed respectively and the relative pressure between them is independent with rotation speed and fluid viscosity. This paper studies experimentally on cavitation in centrifugal blood pump that caused by the failure of assembled short inlet cannula, which mav beneficial the desima of centrifugal blood Dumo with inlet cannula.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation for preventing extubation failure during weaning from mechanical ventilation assessed by lung ultrasound score: A single-center randomized study

BACKGROUND: We sought to demonstrate the superiority of a targeted therapy strategy involving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen(HFNCO_(2)) therapy and noninvasive ventilation(NIV) using lung ultrasound score(LUS) in comparison with standard care among patients in the intensive care unit(ICU) who undergo successful weaning to decrease the incidence of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.METHODS: During the study period, 98 patients were enrolled in the study, including 49 in the control group and 49 in the treatment group. Patients in the control group and patients with an LUS score <14 points(at low risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated and received standard preventive care without NIV or HFNCO_(2). Patients with an LUS score ≥14 points(at high risk of extubation failure) in the treatment group were extubated with a second review of the therapeutic optimization to identify and address any persisting risk factors for postextubation respiratory distress;patients received HFNCO2 therapy combined with sessions of preventive NIV(4-8 hours per day for 4-8 sessions total) for the first 48 hours after extubation.RESULTS: In the control group, 13 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 36 patients had scores <14 points. In the treatment group, 16 patients had the LUS scores ≥14 points, while 33 patients had scores <14 points. Among patients with the LUS score ≥14 points, the extubation failure rate within 48 hours was 30.8% in the control group and 12.5% in the treatment group, constituting a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). Conversely, among patients with an LUS score <14 points, 13.9% in the control group and 9.1% in the treatment group experienced extubation failure(P=0.61). The length of ICU stay(9.4±3.1 days vs. 7.2±2.4 days) was significantly different and the re-intubation rate(at 48 hours: 18.4% vs. 10.2%;seven days: 22.4% vs. 12.2%) significantly varied between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 28-day mortality rate(6.1% vs. 8.2%) between the control and treatment groups.CONCLUSIONS: Among high-risk adults being weaned from mechanical ventilation and assessed by LUS, the NIV+HFNCO_(2) protocol does not lessen the mortality rate but reduce the length of ICU stay, the rate of extubation failure at both 48 hours and seven days.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy during anesthesia recovery for older orthopedic surgery patients: A prospective randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND Hypoxemia is a common complication in older patients during postoperative recovery and can cause pulmonary complications.Therefore,reducing the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia is a clinical concern.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen(HFNCO)in the resuscitation period of older orthopedic patients.METHODS In this prospective randomized controlled trial,60 older patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups:those who used conventional face mask and those who used HFNCO.All patients were treated with 60%oxygen for 1 h after extubation.Patients in the conventional face mask group were treated with a combination of air(2 L)and oxygen(2 L)using a traditional mask,whereas those in the HFNCO group were treated with HFNCO at a constant temperature of 34℃ and flow rate of 40 L/min.We assessed the effectiveness of oxygen therapy by monitoring the patients’arterial blood gas,peripheral oxygen saturation,and postoperative complications.RESULTS The characteristics of the patients were comparable between the groups.One hour after extubation,patients in HFNCO group had a significantly higher arterial partial pressure of oxygen(paO_(2))than that of patients in conventional face mask group(P<0.001).At extubation and 1 h after extubation,patients in both groups showed a significantly higher arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(paCO_(2))than the baseline levels(P<0.001).There were no differences in the saturation of peripheral oxygen,paO_(2),and paCO_(2) between the groups before anesthesia and before extubation(P>0.05).There were statistically significant differences in paO_(2) between the two groups before anesthesia and 1 h after extubation and immediately after extubation and 1 h after extubation(P<0.001).However,there were no significant differences in the oxygen tolerance score before leaving the room,airway humidification,and pulmonary complications 3 d after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION HFNCO can improve oxygen partial pressure and respiratory function in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia.Thus,HFNCO can be used to prevent postoperative hypoxemia.

Efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD).Methods:Systematic searches on PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,Embase,CBM(Chinese Biomedicine Database),CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure),Wanfang Database and VIP were performed for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)which explored the effects of HFNC on patients with AECOPD.The retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to July 2019.RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 12 articles were included,involving 812 patients.The results showed that:(1)Compared with conventional oxygen therapy,HFNC could improve patients'arterial partial oxygen pressure(PaO2)(MD=12.70,95%CI(7.00,18.40),Z=4.37,P<0.0001),reduce partial arterial blood carbon dioxide(PaCO2)(MD=-10.99,95%CI(-14.42,-7.55),Z=6.26,P<0.00001)and reduce endotracheal intubation rate(OR=0.19,95%CI(0.04,0.93),Z=2.05,P=0.04),shorten the hospitalization time(SMD=-0.74,95%CI(-1.11,-0.37),Z=3.95,P<0.0001).(2)Compared with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation,it has fewer adverse reactions(OR=0.18,95%CI(0.09,0.35),Z=5.08,P<0.00001)and shorter hospital stay(SMD=-0.57,95%CI(-0.90,-0.23),Z=3.33,P=0.0009).Conclusion:HFNC can improve the patients’hypoxia symptoms and CO2 retention,reduce the rate of tracheal intubation,and alleviate adverse reactions.However,Limited by the quality and region of the included studies,more high-quality are needed to test it.

End-of-life home care of an interstitial pneumonia patient supported by high-flow nasal cannula therapy:A case report

BACKGROUND High-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)therapy and morphine continuous subcutaneous infusion(CSI)have been used to ameliorate dyspnea in non-cancer patients with end-stage respiratory diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial pneumonia,primarily in hospital settings.However,it is rare to perform home-based medical treatment using these.We observe a case to assess the feasibility of this treatment strategy.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 75-year-old man who was diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia 11 years ago and was successfully nursed at home during his terminal phase for over 10 mo without hospitalization,by introducing domiciliary uses of HFNC and morphine CSI with a patient-controlled analgesia device.CONCLUSION Active utilization of HFNC and morphine CSI with patient-controlled analgesia device would substantiate successful end-of-life palliative home care of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients.

A Prospective Study to Compare Routine versus Need Based Change of IV Cannula on Development of Infusion Phlebitis in Adult Surgical Patients

（IV） Intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients yet phlebitis affects 27% to 70% of all patients receiving IV therapy. The incidence of phlebitis has proved to be a menace in effective care of surgical patients, delaying their recovery and increasing duration of hospital stay and cost. The recommendations for reducing its incidence and severity have been varied and of questionable efficacy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether elective change of IV cannula at fixed intervals can have any impact on incidence or severity of phlebitis in surgical patients. All patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, SMIMS undergoing IV cannula insertion, fulfilling the selection criteria and willing to participate in the study, were segregated into two random groups prospectively： Group A wherein cannula was changed electively after 24 hours into a fresh vein preferably on the other upper limb and Group B wherein IV caunula was changed only on development of phlebitis or leak i.e. need-based change. The material/brand and protocol for insertion of IV cannula were standardised for all patients, including skin preparation, insertion, fixation and removal. After carmulation, assessment was made after 6 hours, 12 hours and every 24 hours thereafter at all venepuncture sites. VIP and VAS scales were used to record phlebitis and pain respectively. Upon analysis, though there was a lower VIP score in group A compared to group B （0.89 vs. 1.32）, this difference was not statistically significant （p-value = 0.277）. Furthermore, the differences in pain, as assessed by VAS, at the site of puncture and along the vein were statistically insignificant （p-value 〉 0.05）. Our results are in contradiction to few other studies which recommend a policy of routine change of carmula. Further we advocate a close and thorough monitoring of the venepuncture site and the length of vein immediately distal to the puncture site, as well as a meticulous standardized protocol for IV access.

导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病的操作流程

全身使用有效抗霉菌药物是治疗肺部霉菌病的基础治疗方法,同时,经过内镜注药是气管、支气管和肺部霉菌病最重要的治疗方式之一。相比内镜注药,导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病具有较多优势,包括可接驳注射泵持续缓慢地注入药物,可避免反复进行呼吸内镜等。该文介绍了导向注药套管经鼻悬吊留置伴或不伴锚定治疗肺部霉菌病的操作流程。

欧洲呼吸协会2022版《急性呼吸衰竭患者经鼻高流量氧疗临床实践指南》解读

欧洲呼吸协会于2022年发布了《急性呼吸衰竭患者经鼻高流量氧疗临床实践指南》,该指南旨在为急性低氧性呼吸衰竭、手术患者术后拔管、非手术患者拔管以及高碳酸血症型呼吸衰竭4种情境下的氧疗管理提供指导。涵盖了8个主题,下设相应的推荐意见。尽管该指南的制订方法规范严谨,但需要指出的是,现有的临床证据质量等级并不高,尚需更多研究来进一步支持这些推荐意见的有效性。尽管如此,这份指南仍可帮助急诊医护人员更好地开展急性呼吸衰竭患者的氧疗实践。

经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗联合氨溴索双途径给药对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的疗效

目的分析经鼻高流量鼻导管湿化氧疗(high-flow nasal cannula,HFNC)联合氨溴索双途径给药对重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者动脉血气指标、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、肺表面活性蛋白D(surfactant protein D,SP-D)水平的影响。方法选取收治的重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者92例,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组46例。对照组给予氨溴索双途径给药(氨溴索肺泡灌洗和氨溴索雾化)治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合应用HFNC。2组均连续治疗7 d。比较2组临床相关指标和临床疗效,治疗前后动脉血气指标和血清hs-CRP、SP-D水平的变化,记录治疗期间2组不良反应的发生情况。结果治疗后,观察组机械通气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,再插管率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的总有效率(89.13%)高于对照组(71.74%),P<0.05。观察组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))均高于对照组(P<0.05),动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血清hs-CRP和SP-D均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,2组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者接受HFNC联合氨溴索双途径给药治疗,可有效改善患者的动脉血气指标,减轻炎性反应,提高治疗效果,促进患者病情恢复。

经鼻加温湿化高流量氧疗对重症肺炎患儿血气指标、MMP-9及TNF-α的影响

目的 探讨经鼻加温湿化高流量氧疗(HFNC)治疗小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对血气指标、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响。方法 选取2018年5月—2020年8月河北省人民医院收治的123例重症肺炎患儿作为研究对象,按照随机抽样法分为观察组(HFNC治疗,n=62)与对照组(面罩吸氧治疗,n=61)。对比两组临床症状、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))、TNF-α、MMP-9、血氧饱和度/吸入氧浓度与呼吸频率的比值(ROX指数)。结果 观察组的退热时间、体征消失时间、咳嗽咳痰消失时间、住院时间分别为(5.21±1.02)d、(10.02±1.32)d、(7.41±0.96)d、(9.02±2.69)d,均短于对照组(t=5.688、10.332、10.253、2.180,P<0.05)。观察组治疗后2、6、12、24 h的ROX指数分别为(6.31±1.62)、(9.85±1.96)、(11.65±2.39)、(13.46±3.25),均高于对照组(t=2.467、3.380、4.251、4.902,P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的PaCO_(2)(35.69±5.21)mmHg低于对照组,而PaO_(2)(87.52±18.69)mmHg高于对照组(t=2.379、4.647,P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的MMP-9、TNF-α分别为(6.32±1.05)pg/mL、(10.40±1.30)pg/mL,低于对照组(t=13.425、13.060,P<0.05)。结论 HFNC用于重症肺炎患儿中具有显著效果,有利于改善患儿血气指标,降低MMP-9、TNF-α水平。

无创通气间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重临床效果及对患者气管插管率、血气指标的影响

目的:分析无创通气(NIV)间歇期经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)临床效果及对气管插管率、血气指标的影响。方法:回顾性收治的105例AECOPD患者资料,将患者分为对照组52例[接受无创通气(NIV)治疗与常规氧疗]和观察组53例(接受NIV联合HFNC治疗),比较两组患者临床指标、血气指标、治疗失败原因及不良反应。结果:观察组呼吸支持时间、NIV间歇歇息次数、NIV每日平均使用时间、ICU住院时间均短(小)于对照组(均P<0.05),两组气管插管率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))比治疗前明显升高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))比治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),但两组治疗后PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组患者呼吸困难加重率、治疗不耐受率均低于对照组(均P<0.05),两组CO_(2)潴留加重率、低氧血症加重率比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);观察组不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:NIV间歇期给予HFNC治疗AECOPD患者对气管插管率及血气指标的影响与常规氧疗差异不显著,但可改善患者其他临床指标,减少治疗失败情况及不良反应。

基于归因理论的护理干预在经鼻高流量氧疗患者中的应用效果

目的探讨基于归因理论的护理干预在经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)患者中的应用价值,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法选取2021年2月-2023年5月于四川大学华西医院接受治疗的144例HFNC患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组72例。对照组患者给予常规护理干预,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合基于归因理论的护理干预。比较2组患者遵医情况及护理满意度;比较2组患者干预前后疾病感知问卷(BIPQ)、Borg疲劳量表、视觉类比呼吸困难法量表(VAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分。结果观察组患者总遵从率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患者BIPQ中治疗控制、后果、情绪、持续时间、症状、关注、个人控制、疾病了解评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,2组患者BIPQ中治疗控制、后果、情绪、持续时间、症状、关注、个人控制、疾病了解评分均高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患者Borg疲劳量表及VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,2组患者Borg疲劳量表评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组;VAS评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组患者SAS、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,2组患者SAS、SDS评分均低于干预前,且观察组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者护理总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于归因理论的护理干预能有效强化患者的遵医行为,减轻患者的疾病感知压力,缓解患者的负面情绪,提高患者的护理满意度,值得临床推广应用。

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的应用价值

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的疗效及适用条件。方法回顾性分析中山市小榄人民医院呼吸内科2021年1月~2022年12月收治并好转出院的60例AECOPD患者的临床资料,所有患者均在抗感染、止咳化痰、平喘等治疗的基础上,给予呼吸支持治疗。按照呼吸支持治疗方式不同分为HFNC组(30例)与无创正压通气(NPPV)组(30例)。比较两组患者生命体征(心率、呼吸)、血气分析[氧分压(PaO_(2))、氧合指数(PaO_(2)FiO_(2))]情况。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,分析HFNC组患者血气分析指标的变化情况。结果治疗前,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);HFNC组治疗前后心率、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(85.47±13.21)次min vs.(97.67±22.62)次min、(95.92±27.33)mmHg vs.(80.3±19.02)mmHg、(321.23±78.73)mmHg vs.(278.40±67.21)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);NPPV组治疗前后心率、呼吸次数、PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)比较[(90.33±12.02)次min vs.(105.70±22.03)次min、(20.67±0.76)次min vs.(24.93±2.45)次min、(91.54±34.81)mmHg vs.(70.86±24.03)mmHg、(311.03±113.14)mmHg vs.(240.53±86.28)mmHg],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据年龄及PaO_(2)FiO_(2)分层,与治疗前比较,HFNC组患者年龄≥71岁、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg之间的患者治疗后PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC及NPPV均可改善AECOPD患者的氧合功能,效果相当,可作为NPPV的备选方案。HFNC尤其适用于年龄71岁及以上、PaO_(2)FiO_(2)在201~300 mmHg的人群。

HFNC治疗AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭的疗效及安全性研究

目的探讨经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)合并呼吸衰竭的疗效及安全性。方法选择2021年1月至2023年1月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的80例AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭患者进行研究,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组患者给予无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗,观察组患者给予HFNC治疗,两组患者均连续治疗1周。比较两组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后的肺功能指标[第一秒最大呼气容积(FEV_(1))、FEV_(1)与用力肺活量比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)%、最大呼气流量(PEF)]、动脉血气指标[动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉二氧化碳(PaCO_(2))、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))]、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]水平,并记录两组患者的并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的FEV_(1)、FEV_(1)/FVC、PEF水平分别为(1.85±0.36)L、(68.64±6.73)%、(3.80±1.04)L/s,明显高于对照组的(1.53±0.38)L、(62.48±6.24)%、(3.26±0.98)L/s,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的PaO_(2)、SpO_(2)水平分别为(88.46±6.73)mmHg、(86.25±12.31)%,明显高于对照组的(82.33±7.94)mmHg、(78.37±13.62)%,PaCO_(2)水平为(34.30±8.51)mmHg,明显低于对照组的(40.62±6.44)mmHg,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的CRP、TNF-α、IL-4、IL-6水平分别为(5.16±0.32)mg/L、(30.93±2.60)mg/L、(40.81±6.54)pg/L、(41.02±7.60)pg/L,明显低于对照组的(7.57±1.02)mg/L、(52.78±3.83)mg/L、(57.04±7.40)pg/L、(64.86±8.91)pg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的鼻舌干燥、腹胀、面部压伤的发生率分别为5.00%,2.50%,0,明显低于对照组的22.50%,17.50%,12.50%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组患者的低血压发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HFNC治疗AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭能提高患者的肺功能,改善动脉血气指标,降低炎症指标和并发症的发生率,临床应用效果显著。

咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察

目的 分析咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效。方法 前瞻性选取2020年3月—2023年6月亳州市人民医院收治的98例NRDS患儿,按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组49例。对照组给予经鼻高流量氧疗,研究组在对照组基础上另给予枸橼酸咖啡因治疗,治疗后7 d观察效果。对比两组无创通气时间、总用氧时间、呼吸暂停次数、血气指标、呼吸力学指标、临床疗效、炎症因子及并发症情况。结果 研究组无创通气时间、总用氧时间、呼吸暂停次数均低于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组与对照组治疗前、治疗后3和7 d的二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、血氧分压(PaO_(2))比较,结果:(1)不同时间点PaO2、PaCO_(2)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.961和8.038,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.958和6.987,均P=0.000);(3)两组PaO_(2)、PaCO_(2)变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.057和8.136,均P=0.000)。研究组与对照组治疗前、治疗后3和7 d的气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,结果:(1)不同时间点气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.854和8.126,均P=0.000);(2)研究组与对照组气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.236和7.958,均P=0.000);(3)两组气道阻力、内源性呼气末正压变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.968和8.027,均P=0.000)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P <0.05)。研究组治疗前后骨形态发生蛋白-7、Clara细胞分泌蛋白16、肿瘤坏死因子-α、C反应蛋白的差值均高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组总并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 咖啡因联合经鼻高流量氧疗治疗NRDS疗效显著,可改善患儿血气及呼吸力学指标,抑制炎症反应,安全可靠。

经鼻高流量氧疗对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并高碳酸血症的疗效分析

目的分析经鼻高流量氧疗(HFNC)对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并高碳酸血症患者的干预效果。方法选取45例需长期氧疗的稳定期COPD合并高碳酸血症患者作为研究对象,根据不同呼吸支持模式分为长期家庭氧疗(LTOT)组、无创通气(NIV)组、HFNC组,每组15例。比较3组患者出院后一般情况、血气指标、肺功能指标、呼吸状况、生活质量及步行试验结果。结果随访期内,HFNC组、NIV组住院次数、急性加重次数均少于LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后6、12个月,3组动脉血二氧化碳分压[p_(a)(CO_(2))]低于出院前,动脉血氧分压[p_(a)(O_(2))]、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))高于出院前,且HFNC组上述指标变化程度大于NIV组、LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院后1、3、6、12个月,3组英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分均逐渐降低,6 min步行距离(6MWD)均逐渐增加,且HFNC组上述指标变化程度大于NIV组、LTOT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HFNC可有效减轻稳定期COPD合并高碳酸血症患者呼吸困难症状,改善肺功能,促进血气指标恢复正常,还可提升生活质量和运动耐力,降低再入院率。

不同氧流量经鼻高流量湿化氧疗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者临床疗效及短期预后影响因素分析

目的探讨不同氧流量经鼻高流量湿化氧疗(HFNC)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的临床疗效,并筛选氧流量设置为60 L/min的HFNC治疗患者短期预后的影响因素。方法选取自2022年6月至2023年6月崇州市人民医院收治的150例AECOPD患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为低流量组、中流量组、高流量组,每组各50例。3组均给予HFNC治疗,其中,低流量组氧流量为30 L/min,中流量组氧流量为40 L/min,高流量组氧流量为60 L/min,持续治疗7 d。比较3组患者治疗后24 h短期疗效。治疗前、治疗后,比较3组动脉血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、氧分压(PaO_(2))]、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、呼气峰值流量(PEF)],以及症状严重程度[慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试(CAT)、呼吸困难指数(mMRC)评分]。高流量组患者在经HFNC治疗后随访28 d,根据28 d疾病转归情况分为预后良好组(n=32)与预后不良组(n=18),分析氧流量设置为60 L/min的HFNC治疗患者短期预后影响因素。结果治疗后,3组PaCO_(2)低于治疗前,PaO_(2)、FVC、FEV1、PEF水平高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,高流量组、中流量组PaCO_(2)低于低流量组,且高流量组低于中流量组;高流量组、中流量组PaO_(2)、FVC、FEV1、PEF水平高于低流量组,且高流量组高于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,3组患者CAT评分、mMRC评分低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,高流量组、中流量组CAT评分、mMRC评分低于低流量组,且高流量组低于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高流量组、中流量组总有效率高于低流量组,且高流量组总有效率高于中流量组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、吸烟史、急性生理学与慢性健康评分、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、CAT评分、mMRC评分、HFNC短期疗效是影响高流量HFNC治疗AECOPD短期预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高流量HFNC可更好地改善AECOPD患者动脉血气、肺功能,提高短期疗效,但仍有部分患者受年龄、吸烟史、急性生理学与慢性健康评分、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、PaCO_(2)、PaO_(2)、CAT评分、mMRC评分、HFNC短期疗效等因素影响,预后不佳,临床中可根据上述危险因素早期制定相关措施以改善短期预后。