On Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism

This article makes a brief introduces to Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism which explores how a bourgeois economy coexists with an anti-bourgeois culture. This article is comprised of four parts including the concept of culture、the disjunction of three realms(economics, politics and culture)、the cultural contradictions of capitalism and the evaluation on Daniel Bell's theory. It offers a close look into the inner relation between different spheres in the capitalist society illustrated in Bell's book, and Bell's theory in terms of cultural contradictions of capitalism will be concretely elaborated.

On the Industrial Capitalism(Reflected) in the Red Badge of Courage

Stephen Crane' s The Red Badge of Courage adopted the industrial capitalism as response to his motif to indicate that industrial capitalism had a swift development in 1890s in America,and meanwhile his novel was greatly influenced.

THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM, NON-EXPECTEDUTILITY AND ASSET PRICING

This paper investigates testable restrictions on the time-series behavior of consumption and asset returns implied by a representative agent model with the spirit of capitalism in which intertemporal preference is represented by a utility function that generalizes conventional, time-additive, expected utility. In the recursive structure of preference, the author examines the implication for cosumptions, portfolio holdings, and stock-market prices when investors accumulate wealth not only for the sake of consumption but also for wealth-induced social status. When investors care about relative social status, the propensity to consume and risk-taking behavior will depend on social standards, and stock prices will be volatible. Hence, the spirit of capitalism seems to be a driving force behind stock-market volatility and economic growth. Because the elasticity df substitution and the coefficient of relative risk aversion are independent and the spirit of capitalism is introduced, the equity premium puzzle can be partially explained in the model.

On Reformation and the Development of Capitalism

Due to Reformation movement in the 16th century,Protestantism came into being.Lutheranism,Calvinism and Puritanism rationalized and justified worldly economic activity.The Protestant asceticism was considered favorable to the development of capitalistic economy.Religious reform was in a certain degree beneficial to the development of capitalism.This thesis mainly discusses the influence of Reformation upon the development of capitalism.

Development,Capitalism Transformation and Marxism

Development,Capitalism Transformation and

Three Tales of Capitalism and Creative Economy

The aim is to examine how the creative economy develops in shareholder,state,and stakeholder capitalism.In the shareholder capitalism,the creative economy is headed by large companies in cooperation with governments,which replicate pregiven formulas of governance with no consideration of local specificities,and reinforces the exclusion of small and medium-sized creative enterprises.The state capitalism has the government authorities as the main drivers of the creative economy’s growth,which is usually connected to their political interest in preserving authority and manipulating the population.In the stakeholder capitalism,companies should pay their fair share of taxes,show zero tolerance for corruption,uphold human rights throughout their global supply chains,and advocate for a competitive level playing field.These elements create the specific conditions for a more diversified set of actors leading the initiatives dedicated to the development of creative economy.

The Spiritual Principles of Restorative Justice and the Efficiency Principles of Modern Capitalism:A Path Towards Reconciliation?

Restorative justice represents a paradigm shift away from a retributive approach to justice to one of restoration as a way of healing the harms to individuals and communities that have been affected by crime.It works from a recognition and acceptance of the interrelationships and interdependencies of individuals within a community.Sustainable development operates from the same point of view,recognizing that to heal and sustain the physical environment,interrelationships and interdependencies must be recognized.In the restorative process,in order for a healing to take place the victim’s voice is made prominent and the offender must take responsibility and be accountable for the harm that has occurred.In the context of more and more acceptance by corporations of the importance of sustainability,and by inference the acceptance of the paradigm shift that sustainability relies on,will corporations become ready to participate in restorative processes?

How Capitalism Creates Peace in Don Quixote While Non-Capitalism Induces Violence

This article reasons that free-market capitalism produces peace in Don Quixote while its absence induces violence. Specifically, it shows readers： that when Don Quixote＇s characters inherit peace transpires but when they are extorted gore happens; that a modem salary causes peace in Don Quixote while a feudal Mercedes causes conflict; that when contracts are honored Don Quixote＇s characters are calm but when contracts are breached its＇ characters are violent; that figures in Don Quixote who work for a living are tranquil while those who do not work fight; that peaceful capitalism in Don Quixote is separate from, and better than, violent corsair anti-capitalism; thatCapitalism＇s profit motive does not cause slavery in Don Quixote but feudal suppression of human fi＇eedom does; that peaceful economic justice is adjudicated by civil judges, such as Sancho Panza, while bloody economic injustice is inflicted by either vigilantes （in Don Quixote＇s Case） or monarchical brutality （in the Holy Brotherhood＇s case）; and penultimately, that when the novel＇s financial disputes are decided by law courts peace ensues but when they are not violence happens.Finally, this article fmishes, by enumerating specific areas of future research on capitalism in Don Quixote. Scholars interested in Emre Gurgen＇s full scholarship, can visit his personal author website at www.don-quixote-explained.com

In the Arms of Unconsciousness:Capitalism,Creative Economy,and the End of Rest in Gustavo Vinagre’s Unlearning to Sleep

The aim of the article is to explore the relation among capitalism,creative economy,and the end of rest in Gustavo Vinagre’s movie Unlearning to Sleep.The main argument indicates that,in the context of the imperatives within the inhumane temporalities of the 24/7 society,sleep and rest may represent an inevitable and anomalous resistance to the demands of the capitalist order in which creative economy is immersed and exposed in the movie.

ONGOING PREDICAMENTS OF CAPITALISM AND FUTURE TREND OF WORLD ORDER

According to the viewpoint of historical materialism,the economic base determines the superstructure.In the long process of its development,capitalism has not only shaped political and economic institutions within countries but also profoundly impacted the development and transition of the world order.However,since the international financial crisis

The Ethical Foundation Underlying the Spirit of Capitalism:A Comparative Study of Max Weber and Yu Yingshi

This paper makes a comparative study of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism and Yu Yingshi's The Confucion Ethic and the spirit of Merchants,in order to conclude the similarities in the two ethics underlying the development of capitalism.

企业风险投资引领创投新模式

近年来,企业风险投资(Corporate Venture Capital,简称CVC)在中国股权投资市场中的角色愈发凸显。CVC不仅为被投企业注入资金,更在推动产业升级、促进生态构建方面发挥着不可小觑的作用。当下,CVC与被投企业之间的关系也已远超传统的投资与被投资框架,演变成一种深度的融合共生状态。

Trust,Capitalism and Contract in English Economic History:1500-1750

As most market transactions involved the extension of informal credit because of a lack of ready cash, this meant that interpersonal trust was of central importance, and, as a result, a reputation for honesty and fair dealing in the community was vital to being successful. Money was used only in a limited number of exchanges, and credit, in the form of household reputation, was a ＂cultural currency＂ of trust used to transact most business. Trust, belief, and credit all went together, and no distinction was made between economic and social credit, as credit produced wealth and status of the middling sort. As the market expanded in the late sixteenth century, networks of credit became more intertwined over longer geographical distances, and thus trust became more problematic, and disputes over debts led to contention. These produced an enormous amount of litigation as the common law was increasingly used to enforce contracts. This led to much downward mobility through over-indebtedness, which reinforced the social importance of having good credit, and consequently the culture of credit became increasingly legalised. Although competition for credit together with the need to maintain household profitability put stress on the social maintenance of trust in the market, the economy could not work without it. As a result, the increase in commerce was seen as an essentially sociable activity because it required trust. Trust gradually came to be interpreted as the basis of justice, and the necessity of keeping promises, as the foundation of all social organisation. But by 1750 litigation had collapsed to a very low level, and self- control and politeness on the part of rational individuals came to play a more important role in dispute settlement than legal means. Whereas in the early modem period conflict occurred and was dealt with after its occurrence, self-control aimed to prevent inter-personal conflict and litigation before they happened. As a result, the concepts of ＂capital＂ and ＂savings＂ developed in the eighteenth century, and the structure of credit networks was changed.

Beyond Green Capitalism： Social-Ecological Transformation and Perspectives of a Global Green-Left

Given certain reactions to the ecological crisis as part of the multiple crisis of capitalism （like the so-called energy transition in Germany）, a new mode of development might emerge which can be called green capitalism. This would shift the terrain of social critique and emancipatory social struggles. The paper introduces the debate on ＂social-ecological transformation＂ which emerged as a radical part of a more comprehensive debate on ＂great＂ or ＂societal transformation＂ and high- lights its core issues： the issue of a necessary attractive mode of production and living for all, the role of pioneers of change and changing political and economic institutions, the acknowledgment of shifting social practices, the requirement for alternative imaginaries or ＂stories＂ of a good life as part of a contested process which is called ＂futuring.＂ As an example for alternative imaginaries, the current debate on ＂degrowth＂ is outlined and evaluated. The second part of the paper focuses more concretely on issues around the formation and existence of a global green-left. After mentioning a crucial problem for any global alternative--i.e., the structural feature of economic and geopolitical competition which historically divided the global Left and pulled it into compromises at national or regional scales--four requirements or characteristics of a global green-left are highlighted： to weaken and change capitalistically driven competition and competitiveness, to push a social-ecological transformation in democratic ways and not at the back ofordinary people （like conservative and liberal proposals for transformation tend to do）, to link more systematically green issues with labor issues and, finally, to transform the overall dispositive of political action from a ＂distributive＂ to a ＂transformative Left.＂ One dimension of such an enhancement, it is concluded, is a broader understanding of the ＂economy＂ itself by acknowledging the demands and achievements of a ＂care revolution＂ which will be crucial for an alternative mode of production and living.

莱茵金属告别活塞生产

杜塞尔多夫莱茵金属股份公司(Rheinmetall AG of Düsseldorf)正在剥离其小口径活塞生产业务,这是其战略调整的重要一步。莱茵金属(Rheinmetall)和考米坦斯资本股份公司(Comitans Capital AG)现已签署了集团整个小口径活塞组织的买卖协议。因此,在其民用部门运营中,莱茵金属继续推行一项战略,即在未来专注于内燃机的新技术和替代品。双方已同意不披露购买价格。

Impact of web-based positive psychological intervention on emotions,psychological capital,and quality of life in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a malignant digestive tract tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa and occurs in the gastric antrum,particularly in the lower curvature of the stomach.AIM To evaluate the impact of a positive web-based psychological intervention on emotions,psychological capital,and quality of survival in gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy.METHODS From January 2020 to October 2023,121 cases of gastric cancer patients on chemotherapy admitted to our hospital were collected and divided into a control group(n=60)and an observation group(n=61)according to the admission order.They were given either conventional nursing care alone and conventional nursing care combined with web-based positive psychological interventions,respectively.The two groups were compared in terms of negative emotions,psychological capital,degree of cancer-caused fatigue,and quality of survival.RESULTS After intervention,the number of patients in the observation group who had negative feelings toward chemotherapy treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire score was considerably higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);the degree of cancer-caused fatigue was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05);and the Quality of Life Scale for Cancer Patients(QLQ-30)score was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Implementing a web-based positive psychological intervention for gastric cancer chemotherapy patients can effectively improve negative emotions,enhance psychological capital,and improve the quality of survival.

Mixed-ownership Reform:Private Firms’Role in Targeted Poverty Alleviation-A Perspective on Resource Complementarity and Check&Balance

Targeted poverty alleviation(TPA)serves as a winning formula for fighting poverty and has generated valuable experiences for achieving common prosperity.The mixed-ownership reform has enhanced corporate economic performance.However,further testing is required to assess whether enterprises contribute to the improvement of distribution by participating in TPA.Taking A-share-listed private enterprises between 2016 and 2021 as research samples,we conducted an investigation into the extent and manner in which the mixed-ownership reform contributes to TPA.Our research reveals that a higher proportion of state capital equity participation is correlated with a greater level of private enterprises’contribution to TPA.This indicates that the mixed-ownership reform is beneficial for prompting private enterprises to shoulder responsibilities for building a society of common prosperity.As shown by the mechanism test,state capital equity participation encourages private enterprises to contribute to TPA primarily by alleviating corporate financing constraints through the resource complementarity effect.In contrast,the check&balance effect of promoting corporate poverty alleviation by mitigating the principal-agent problem has not yet been significantly demonstrated.Regarding the poverty alleviation model,state capital equity participation prompts private enterprises to contribute to TPA through industrial development,educational investment,and environmental protection,emphasizing a combination of providing external assistance and cultivating endogenous development capacity.In terms of TPA regions,state capital equity participation plays a significant role in supporting economically less-developed regions,regions with high unemployment rates,and central and western regions.This paper provides new empirical evidence for deepening mixed-ownership reforms and advancing common prosperity.

State-Owned Capital Participation in Private Enterprises:A Perspective of Debt Financing

This study takes debt financing as the entry point and explores the impact of state-owned capital participation in private enterprises from the perspectives of“unarticulated rules”and“articulated rules”.The study finds that state-owned capital participation significantly reduces the debt financing costs of private enterprises and expands the scale of their debt financing.This conclusion remains valid after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.Further analysis of the mechanism reveals that state-owned capital participation improves the debt financing of private enterprises through multiple channels:Enhancing their social reputation,mitigating the“statistical bias”they face,optimizing their information quality,and reducing the“shareholder-creditor”agency problems.This paper conceptualizes these benefits as the“complementary advantages of heterogeneous shareholders”.This not only constructs a theoretical framework for“reverse mixed-ownership reform”but also better narrates the Chinese story of“mixed-ownership reform”by adopting a more universally applicable theory of equity structure.Additionally,the paper supplements existing research on the macro-and meso-level relationship between the government and the market by exploring the government’s positive role at the micro-level.

Mindfulness training in medical education as a means to improve resilience,empathy,and mental health in the medical profession

The high rates of depression,burnout,and increased risk of suicide among medical students,residents,and physicians in comparison with other careers signal a mental health crisis within our profession.We contend that this crisis coupled with the inadequate acquisition of interpersonal skills during medical education results from the interaction between a challenging environment and the mental capital of individuals.Additionally,we posit that mindfulness-based practices are instrumental for the development of major components of mental capital,such as resilience,flexibility of mind,and learning skills,while also serving as a pathway to enhance empathy,compassion,self-awareness,conflict resolution,and relational abilities.Importantly,the evidence base supporting the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions has been increasing over the years,and a growing number of medical schools have already integrated mindfulness into their curricula.While we acknowledge that mindfulness is not a panacea for all educational and mental health problems in this field,we argue that there is currently an unprecedented opportunity to gather momentum,spread and study mindfulness-based programs in medical schools around the world as a way to address some longstanding shortcomings of the medical profession and the health and educational systems upon which it is rooted.