Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has also been found to act as a paracrine mediator involved in the regulation of testicular functions. The present review provides an overview of the role of...Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has also been found to act as a paracrine mediator involved in the regulation of testicular functions. The present review provides an overview of the role of IL 1α in testicular physiology. Bioactive IL-1α isolated from adult rat testis was found to consist of three distinct immunoreactive protein species with apparent sizes of 45, 24 and 19 kDa. These isoforms showed bioactivity in a thymocyte proliferation and steroidogenesis assays with different biopotencies. The background of the molecular heterogeneity and processing, secretion and regulation of the isoforms of testicular IL-1α are discussed. All three isoforms have been found to be secreted into the testis tubular lumen and interstitial space. We have provided evidence that IL-1α is a paracrine factor that may be of importance in, e.g., the regulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Pathophysiologically, testicular IL-1α may contribute to testicular relapse of acute lymphocytic leukemia in boys.展开更多
Aim: To evaluate the antifertility activity of the methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth in male albino rats. Methods: The methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck was administrated orally for 60 day...Aim: To evaluate the antifertility activity of the methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth in male albino rats. Methods: The methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck was administrated orally for 60 days at 50, 100 and 200 mg·kg-1·day-1 to male albino rats. Sperm motility and density in cauda epididymides were assessed. Biochemical and histological analysis were performed in blood samples and reproductive organs. Results: A. lebbeck pod extract brought about a significant decrease in the weights of testis, seminal vesicles, epdidymis and ventral prostate. The sperm motility and density were significantly reduced. There was a marked reduction in the numbers of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The Sertoli cell count as well as its cross sectional surface area were significantly decreased. The Leydig cell nuclear area and the number of mature Leydig celis were also significantly decreased. The protein, glycogen and cholesterol content of the testis, the fructose in the seminal vesicles and protein in the epididymis were significantly decreased. The RBC and WBC counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit and blood sugar were within the normai range. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of A. lebbeck pods causes spermatogenic arrest in male albino rats.展开更多
基因组靶向定位诱导损伤技术(Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes,TILLING)是在化学诱变和PCR定向筛选基础上发展起来的检测点突变的反向遗传学研究方法,在多种重要农作物上都有应用。本研究使用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl ...基因组靶向定位诱导损伤技术(Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes,TILLING)是在化学诱变和PCR定向筛选基础上发展起来的检测点突变的反向遗传学研究方法,在多种重要农作物上都有应用。本研究使用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)处理大麦品种‘Tamalpais’,获得了2154个M2株系,同时开发了基于芹菜内切酶CEL I(celery juice extract)的酶切筛选体系。针对植物水杨酸抗病途径相关的两个重要基因EDR1和NPR1,检测到5个M2突变株系。序列分析表明,2个突变发生在内含子、1个NPR1基因的同义突变、2个EDR1基因的错义突变(His351Tyr和Pro556Ser)。本项研究为麦类作物反向遗传学研究奠定了基础。展开更多
Objectives: To analyze the expression and significance of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the recovery of spermato genesis in mice. Methods: Adult Kunming mice were injected in traperitoneally with 2 ...Objectives: To analyze the expression and significance of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the recovery of spermato genesis in mice. Methods: Adult Kunming mice were injected in traperitoneally with 2 doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) 24 days apart so as to establish the spermatogenesis recovery modei. Testes were harvested at weeks l, 2, 3,4, 6, 8 and 10 after the second injection. Eight normai mice served as the controls. Recovery of spermatoge nesis was observed by light and electron microscopy and the GDNF mRNA measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Results: After the second injection the expression of GDNF mRNA was increased significantly at week l and reached its peak at week 2. It was then decreased significantly at week 3 and reached its valley at week 4. After that it was increased gradu ally and recovered at week 10. GDNF mRNA was mainly ex pressed by the Sertoli celis. Conclusion: In the course of recovery of spermatogenesis, a high Ievel of GDNF expression plays a key role in the promotion of self-renewal and maintenance of the num ber of spermatogonial stem celis.展开更多
In the novel The Color Purple,purple is a color that Alice Walker uses to symbolize the main character:Celie.In color psychology,purple is a complex color.At first,it has two contradictory symbolic meanings just as Ce...In the novel The Color Purple,purple is a color that Alice Walker uses to symbolize the main character:Celie.In color psychology,purple is a complex color.At first,it has two contradictory symbolic meanings just as Celie's personality.Secondly,purple is a color which blends blue and red.In western countries,red symbolized man and blue symbolized woman.However,Celie is a person who has both man's and woman's characteristics.At last,purple is a changeable color.Celie's early misery life is like dark purple which has more of a passive meaning.And her later life turns out to be light purple which symbolizes more of the beautiful things.And the turning of her life may be viewed as awakening of womanism.展开更多
This article explores the protagonist, Celie, in Alice Walker's The Color Purple. Celie who is ugly, lacks of mother's love, and oppressed in a universe of men. She admires Shug who is a beautiful woman. Accor...This article explores the protagonist, Celie, in Alice Walker's The Color Purple. Celie who is ugly, lacks of mother's love, and oppressed in a universe of men. She admires Shug who is a beautiful woman. According to Lacan's theory, Celie's love for Shug is a metonymic hunting for her mother's body. Celie's hunting process is along the metonymic chain of signifiers. And finally Celie finds her happiness even though the chain of signifiers continues.展开更多
Alice Walker is widely recognized as one of significant African-American writers and her most prominent work, The Color Purple, has won three awards altogether: the Pulitzer Prize, the America Book Award as well as th...Alice Walker is widely recognized as one of significant African-American writers and her most prominent work, The Color Purple, has won three awards altogether: the Pulitzer Prize, the America Book Award as well as the National Book Critics Circle Award nomination. It tells the story of how a submissive black girl named Celie undergoes the double oppression of racism and sexism at first, but transforms into an economically andmentally independent black woman eventually. This thesis will analyze Celie's psychological transformation from the perspective of Freud's personality theory and concludes that internal factors for Celie's psychological transformation areof great referential significance for all the women to explore their way to liberation.展开更多
Written by Alice Walker,one of the most influential African-American woman writers in American literary circle,The Color Purple is an epistolary novel consisting of 92 letters with the life experience of a black woman...Written by Alice Walker,one of the most influential African-American woman writers in American literary circle,The Color Purple is an epistolary novel consisting of 92 letters with the life experience of a black woman named Celie who quests for her identity and independence in a male-dominated society with white supremacy,which embodies the awakening of black female’s self-consciousness both in gender and race.This paper is devoted to analyze how Celie walks out of the traditional ideology and constructs her gender identity and race identity from the perspective of black feminism.展开更多
文摘Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has also been found to act as a paracrine mediator involved in the regulation of testicular functions. The present review provides an overview of the role of IL 1α in testicular physiology. Bioactive IL-1α isolated from adult rat testis was found to consist of three distinct immunoreactive protein species with apparent sizes of 45, 24 and 19 kDa. These isoforms showed bioactivity in a thymocyte proliferation and steroidogenesis assays with different biopotencies. The background of the molecular heterogeneity and processing, secretion and regulation of the isoforms of testicular IL-1α are discussed. All three isoforms have been found to be secreted into the testis tubular lumen and interstitial space. We have provided evidence that IL-1α is a paracrine factor that may be of importance in, e.g., the regulation of Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Pathophysiologically, testicular IL-1α may contribute to testicular relapse of acute lymphocytic leukemia in boys.
文摘Aim: To evaluate the antifertility activity of the methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck (L.) Benth in male albino rats. Methods: The methanolic pod extract of Albizzia lebbeck was administrated orally for 60 days at 50, 100 and 200 mg·kg-1·day-1 to male albino rats. Sperm motility and density in cauda epididymides were assessed. Biochemical and histological analysis were performed in blood samples and reproductive organs. Results: A. lebbeck pod extract brought about a significant decrease in the weights of testis, seminal vesicles, epdidymis and ventral prostate. The sperm motility and density were significantly reduced. There was a marked reduction in the numbers of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The Sertoli cell count as well as its cross sectional surface area were significantly decreased. The Leydig cell nuclear area and the number of mature Leydig celis were also significantly decreased. The protein, glycogen and cholesterol content of the testis, the fructose in the seminal vesicles and protein in the epididymis were significantly decreased. The RBC and WBC counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit and blood sugar were within the normai range. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of A. lebbeck pods causes spermatogenic arrest in male albino rats.
文摘基因组靶向定位诱导损伤技术(Targeting Induced Local Lesions In Genomes,TILLING)是在化学诱变和PCR定向筛选基础上发展起来的检测点突变的反向遗传学研究方法,在多种重要农作物上都有应用。本研究使用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(Ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS)处理大麦品种‘Tamalpais’,获得了2154个M2株系,同时开发了基于芹菜内切酶CEL I(celery juice extract)的酶切筛选体系。针对植物水杨酸抗病途径相关的两个重要基因EDR1和NPR1,检测到5个M2突变株系。序列分析表明,2个突变发生在内含子、1个NPR1基因的同义突变、2个EDR1基因的错义突变(His351Tyr和Pro556Ser)。本项研究为麦类作物反向遗传学研究奠定了基础。
文摘Objectives: To analyze the expression and significance of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the recovery of spermato genesis in mice. Methods: Adult Kunming mice were injected in traperitoneally with 2 doses of busulfan (10 mg/kg) 24 days apart so as to establish the spermatogenesis recovery modei. Testes were harvested at weeks l, 2, 3,4, 6, 8 and 10 after the second injection. Eight normai mice served as the controls. Recovery of spermatoge nesis was observed by light and electron microscopy and the GDNF mRNA measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Results: After the second injection the expression of GDNF mRNA was increased significantly at week l and reached its peak at week 2. It was then decreased significantly at week 3 and reached its valley at week 4. After that it was increased gradu ally and recovered at week 10. GDNF mRNA was mainly ex pressed by the Sertoli celis. Conclusion: In the course of recovery of spermatogenesis, a high Ievel of GDNF expression plays a key role in the promotion of self-renewal and maintenance of the num ber of spermatogonial stem celis.
文摘In the novel The Color Purple,purple is a color that Alice Walker uses to symbolize the main character:Celie.In color psychology,purple is a complex color.At first,it has two contradictory symbolic meanings just as Celie's personality.Secondly,purple is a color which blends blue and red.In western countries,red symbolized man and blue symbolized woman.However,Celie is a person who has both man's and woman's characteristics.At last,purple is a changeable color.Celie's early misery life is like dark purple which has more of a passive meaning.And her later life turns out to be light purple which symbolizes more of the beautiful things.And the turning of her life may be viewed as awakening of womanism.
文摘This article explores the protagonist, Celie, in Alice Walker's The Color Purple. Celie who is ugly, lacks of mother's love, and oppressed in a universe of men. She admires Shug who is a beautiful woman. According to Lacan's theory, Celie's love for Shug is a metonymic hunting for her mother's body. Celie's hunting process is along the metonymic chain of signifiers. And finally Celie finds her happiness even though the chain of signifiers continues.
文摘Alice Walker is widely recognized as one of significant African-American writers and her most prominent work, The Color Purple, has won three awards altogether: the Pulitzer Prize, the America Book Award as well as the National Book Critics Circle Award nomination. It tells the story of how a submissive black girl named Celie undergoes the double oppression of racism and sexism at first, but transforms into an economically andmentally independent black woman eventually. This thesis will analyze Celie's psychological transformation from the perspective of Freud's personality theory and concludes that internal factors for Celie's psychological transformation areof great referential significance for all the women to explore their way to liberation.
文摘Written by Alice Walker,one of the most influential African-American woman writers in American literary circle,The Color Purple is an epistolary novel consisting of 92 letters with the life experience of a black woman named Celie who quests for her identity and independence in a male-dominated society with white supremacy,which embodies the awakening of black female’s self-consciousness both in gender and race.This paper is devoted to analyze how Celie walks out of the traditional ideology and constructs her gender identity and race identity from the perspective of black feminism.
