AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： ...AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area. DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （CI） were estimated. RESULTS： The distribution of the -1195A→G polymorphism was significantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls. The -1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma （OR = 3.85, 95% CI： 1.45-10.3） compared with the -1195AA genotype as a reference. The -765 G→C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups. The GG/ GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls （OR = 3.45, 95% CI： 1.24-9.58; with AG/AG as a reference）. The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION： Presence of the COX-2 -1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma.展开更多
AIM： To assess each layer of the optical coherence tomography （OCT） image of the esophageal wall with reference to the histological structure, METHODS： Resected specimens of fresh pig esophagus was used as a model...AIM： To assess each layer of the optical coherence tomography （OCT） image of the esophageal wall with reference to the histological structure, METHODS： Resected specimens of fresh pig esophagus was used as a model for the esophageal wall. We injected cyanoacrylate adhesive into the specimens to create a marker, and scanned them using a miniature OCT probe. The localization of these markers was assessed in the OCT images. Then we compared the OCT-imaged morphology with the corresponding histological section, guided by the cyanoacrylate adhesive markers. We prepared a second set of experiments using nylon sutures as markers. RESULTS： The OCT image of the esophageal specimen has a clear five-layered morphology. First, it consisted of a relatively less reflective layer; second, a more reflective layer; third, a less reflective layer; fourth, a more reflective layer; and fifth, a less reflective layer. Comparing the OCT images with marked histological sections showed that the first layer corresponded to stratified squamous epithelium; the second to lamina propria; the third to muscularis mucosa; fourth, submucosa; and fifth, muscularis propria with deeper structures of the esophageal wa CONCLUSION： We demonstrated that the OCT image of the normal esophageal wall showed a five- layered morphology, which corresponds to histological esophageal wall components.展开更多
文摘AIM： TO determine whether -1195 A→G and/or -765 G→C polymorphisms in Cyclooxygenase-2 CCOX-2） may have a risk modifying effect on the development of esophageal carcinoma in a Dutch Caucasian population. METHODS： Two study groups were recruited, 252 patients with esophageal carcinoma and 240 healthy controls, matched for race, age, gender and recruiting area. DNA was isolated from whole blood and used for genotyping. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes and products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （CI） were estimated. RESULTS： The distribution of the -1195A→G polymorphism was significantly different in esophageal cancer patients compared to controls. The -1195 GG genotype resulted in a higher risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma （OR = 3.85, 95% CI： 1.45-10.3） compared with the -1195AA genotype as a reference. The -765 G→C genotype distribution was not different between the two groups. The GG/ GG haplotype was present more often in esophageal adenocarcinoma patients than in controls （OR = 3.45, 95% CI： 1.24-9.58; with AG/AG as a reference）. The same trends were observed in patients with squamous cell carcinomas, however, the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION： Presence of the COX-2 -1195 GG genotype and of the GG/GG haplotype may result in a higher risk of developing esophageal carcinoma.
文摘AIM： To assess each layer of the optical coherence tomography （OCT） image of the esophageal wall with reference to the histological structure, METHODS： Resected specimens of fresh pig esophagus was used as a model for the esophageal wall. We injected cyanoacrylate adhesive into the specimens to create a marker, and scanned them using a miniature OCT probe. The localization of these markers was assessed in the OCT images. Then we compared the OCT-imaged morphology with the corresponding histological section, guided by the cyanoacrylate adhesive markers. We prepared a second set of experiments using nylon sutures as markers. RESULTS： The OCT image of the esophageal specimen has a clear five-layered morphology. First, it consisted of a relatively less reflective layer; second, a more reflective layer; third, a less reflective layer; fourth, a more reflective layer; and fifth, a less reflective layer. Comparing the OCT images with marked histological sections showed that the first layer corresponded to stratified squamous epithelium; the second to lamina propria; the third to muscularis mucosa; fourth, submucosa; and fifth, muscularis propria with deeper structures of the esophageal wa CONCLUSION： We demonstrated that the OCT image of the normal esophageal wall showed a five- layered morphology, which corresponds to histological esophageal wall components.
