Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors,chronic liver diseases,common medications,and clinical outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 patients

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),enters affected cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptor,which is highly expressed in type II alveolar cells,enterocytes,and cholangiocytes.SARS-CoV-2 infection causes fever,dry cough,and breathing difficulty,which can progress to respiratory distress due to interstitial pneumonia,and hepatobiliary injury due to COVID-19 is increasingly recognized.The hepatobiliary injury may be evident at presentation of the disease or develop during the disease progression.The development of more severe clinical outcomes in patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD)with or without cirrhosis infected with SARS-CoV-2 has not been elucidated.Moreover,there is limited data related to common medications that affect the disease severity of COVID-19 patients.Additionally,ACE2 receptor expression of hepatobiliary tissue related to the disease severity also have not been clarified.This review summarized the current situation regarding the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with chronic liver diseases who were treated with common medications.Furthermore,the association between ACE2 receptor expression and disease severity in these patients is discussed.

Construction and Implementation of Expert System for Common Pig Diseases Prevention Based on Struts Framework

The prevention of common pig diseases depends on the experience of veterinarian greatly due to complexity of piggery pestilence. The expert system for the prophylaxis and treatment of common pig diseases is able to make the complex task more effective. The construction and im- plementation of this expert system is based on the bottleneck problems of the traditional expert system knowledge acquisition and the frame descrip- tion of symptoms of common pig diseases, used the knowledge project method and technology, and combined the uncertainty inference and dispel- ling strategy of matching conflict and technology of multimedia. This expert system is used to imitate expert thinking and supplement or substitute for veterinary experts to guide the prophylaxis and treatment of common pig diseases. The overall structure, knowledge expression, inference mecha- nism and system realization would be expounded emphatically.

Developing biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases using genetically-modified common marmoset models

Mouse and non-human primate models of neurodegenerative disease：The prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases continues to increase with ever increasing aging population over the age of 60.Although the difficulties associated with neurodegenerative diseases present an urgent global issue,there is no effective treatment for these conditions.

Analysis of Common Diseases and Construction Treatment Technologies of Road and Bridge Engineering

In recent years, the rapid growth of the number of private cars has greatly increased the traffic pressure, so the quality of roads and bridges should be further improved. The paper expounds the related matters of road and bridge engineering from three aspects. Firstly, it expounds the construction principles of road and bridge engineering, which are regarded as the theoretical basis of follow-up research. Secondly, it analyzes the common diseases of road and bridge engineering, including bridgehead damage, rein-forcement corrosion, and subgrade uneven settlement, etc. Finally, it puts forward the construction treatment technology of road and bridge engineering on the basis of the construction principles and taking the common diseases as reference.

WRIST-ANKLE ACUPUNCTURE FOR ANALGESIA IN TREATING SOME COMMON DISEASES IN ATHLETES

With gradual generalization of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in developed countries, an increasing attention has been paid to its application in the athletic field. Wrist-ankle acupuncture is a kind of shallow acupuncture, by which 6 points in the wrist and ankle regions are selected and punctured for treating diseases related to individual parts of the body. It is a kind of information therapy concerning biological hologram regularities. The analgesic effects of the therapy in treating some common diseases in 64 athletes are reported as follows.

Application of artificial intelligence to endoscopy on common gastrointestinal benign diseases

Artificial intelligence(AI)has been widely involved in every aspect of healthcare in the preclinical stage.In the digestive system,AI has been trained to assist auxiliary examinations including histopathology,endoscopy,ultrasonography,computerized tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging in detection,diagnosis,classification,differentiation,prognosis,and quality control.In the field of endoscopy,the application of AI,such as automatic detection,diagnosis,classification,and invasion depth,in early gastrointestinal(GI)cancers has received wide attention.There is a paucity of studies of AI application on common GI benign diseases based on endoscopy.In the review,we provide an overview of AI applications to endoscopy on common GI benign diseases including in the esophagus,stomach,intestine,and colon.It indicates that AI will gradually become an indispensable part of normal endoscopic detection and diagnosis of common GI benign diseases as clinical data,algorithms,and other related work are constantly repeated and improved.

Success rate and complications of endoscopic extraction of common bile duct stones over 2 cm in diameter

BACKGROUND:Clinically,common bile duct (CBD) stones >2 cm are difficult to remove by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).To evaluate this observation,the rates of successful clearance of CBD stones and complications were compared between ERCP extraction of CBD stones of >2 cm and <2 cm in diameter.METHODS:All patients who had undergone endoscopic extraction of CBD stones at the Endoscopy Center of Shanghai First People’s Hospital from May 2004 to May 2008 were reviewed.Patients with CBD stones of >2 cm in diameter were enrolled in the >2 cm group.Two matched controls with CBD stones of <2 cm in diameter were selected for each enrolled patient (<2 cm group).Patient characteristics,success rates,and complications during and after ERCP were compared.RESULTS:Seventy-two patients constituted the >2 cm group and 144 patients were in the <2 cm group.No significant differences were found in the patient characteristics,except for stone size and CBD diameter.Both the overall success rate and the success rate in the first ERCP session were lower in the >2 cm group (77.8% and 58.3%,respectively) than in the <2 cm group (91.7% and 83.3%,P<0.01).During ERCP,the incidence of hypoxemia (30.6%) and hemorrhaging papillae (18.1%) in the >2 cm group was higher than in the <2 cm group (13.2% and 6.3%,P<0.05).After ERCP,the rates of delayed papillae hemorrhage (13.9%),hyperamylasemia (23.6%),acute pancreatitis (8.3%) and biliary infection (18.1%) were higher in the >2 cm group than in the <2 cm group (3.5%,11.1%,2.1%,and 2.8%,respectively,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The success rate of endoscopic extraction of CBD stones of >2 cm in diameter was lower but the complication rate was higher than that of stones of <2 cm in diameter.

Development and characterization of a novel common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line with stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance

Rye(Secale cereale L., 2n=2x=14, RR) is a significant genetic resource for improving common wheat because of its resistance to multiple diseases and abiotic-stress tolerant traits. The 1RS chromosome from the German cultivated rye variety Petkus is critical in wheat breeding. However, its weakened disease resistance highlights the need to identify new resources. In the present study, a novel derived line called D27 was developed from common wheat and Mexico Rye.Cytological observations characterized the karyotype of D27 as 2n=42=21 Ⅱ. Genomic in situ hybridization indicated that a pair of whole-arm translocated Mexico Rye chromosomes were inherited typically in the mitotic and meiosis stages of D27. Experiments using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) and gliadin electrophoresis showed that D27 lacked wheat 1DS chromosomes. They were replaced by 1RS chromosomes of Mexico Rye, supported by wheat simple-sequence repeat markers, rye sequence characterized amplified region markers, and wheat 40K SNP array analysis.The wheat 1DS chromosomes could not be detected by molecular markers and wheat SNP array, but the presence of rye 1RS chromosomes was confirmed. Agronomic trait assessments indicated that D27 had a higher tiller number and enhanced stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance. In addition, dough properties analysis showed that replacing 1DS led to higher viscosity and lower dough elasticity in D27, which was beneficial for cake making. In conclusion, the novel cytogenetically stable common wheat–Mexico Rye T1DL·1RS translocation line D27 offers excellent potential as outstanding germplasm in wheat breeding programs focusing on disease resistance and yield improvement. Additionally,it can be valuable for researching the rye 1RS chromosome’s genetic diversity.

Anatomical study of sciatic nerve and common peroneal nerve compression

BACKGROUND： Many diseases of the common peroneal nerve are a result of sciatic nerve injury. The present study addresses whether anatomical positioning of the sciatic nerve is responsible for these injuries. OBJECTIVE： To analyze anatomical causes of sciatic nerve and common peroneal nerve injury by studying the relationship between the sciatic nerve and piriformis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Observe and measure repeatedly. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Tianjin Medical College between January and June 2005. MATERIALS： Fifty-two adult cadavers 33 males and 19 females, with a total of 104 hemispheres, and fixed with formaldehyde, were provided by Tianjin Medical College and Tianjin Medical University. METHODS： A posterior cut was made from the lumbosacral region to the upper leg, fully exposing the piriformis and path of the sciatic nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Anatomical characteristics of the tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. （2） According to different areas where the sciatic nerve crosses the piriformis, the study was divided into two types-normal and abnormal. Normal is considered to be when the sciatic nerve passes through the infrapiriform foramen. Remaining pathways are considered to be abnormal. （3） Observe the relationship between the suprapiriform foramen, infrapiriform foramen, as well as the superior and inferior space of piriformis. RESULTS： （1） The nerve tract inside the common peroneal nerve is smaller and thinner, with less connective tissue than the tibial nerve. When pathological changes or variations of the piriformis, or over-abduction of the hip joint, occur, injury to the common peroneal nerve often arises due to blockage and compression. （2） A total of 76 hemispheres （73.08%） were normal, 28 were abnormal （26.92%）. The piriformis can be injured, and the sciatic nerve can become compressed, when the hip joint undergoes intorsion, extorsion, or abduction. （3） The structures between the infrapiriform and suprapiriform foramen are where ＂the first threshold＂ sciatic nerve projects. The structures between the infrapiriform and suprapiriform gap were ＂the second threshold＂. This became the concept of ＂double threshold＂. The reduced area caused by pathological changes of ＂double threshold＂ may block and compress the sciatic nerve. Because the common peroneal nerve lies on the anterolateral side of the sciatic nerve, injury to the common peroneal nerve is more serious. CONCLUSION： Anatomical characteristics of the common peroneal nerve, as well as variation of the sciatic nerve, piriformis, and the reduced ＂double threshold＂, are the main causes of sciatic nerve injury, and are especially common in peroneal nerve injury.

Home‑based treatment and nursing plan of a patient diagnosed with mild‑to‑common coronavirus disease 2019

To date,there are no known specific antiviral medicines recommended for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‑19).The treatment mainly focuses on the improvement of the immunity of the individual and the application of palliative treatment.A case of a patient diagnosed with mild COVID‑19 and then later developed common COVID‑19 which was treated and closely monitored at home will be presented.The patient was advised for self‑quarantine with several prescribed medications.Nursing home and self‑care advice were given to the patient,including a change of lifestyle for the duration of the isolation,medication advice,symptomatic care,change of diet,how to monitor the progress of the disease,psychological care,and follow‑up instructions.During the course of the nursing plan,the patient showed significant improvements,and normal life functions were restored.On February 05,2020,novel coronavirus nucleic acid test showed negative after re‑examination;the patient was cured.Therefore,providing adequate nursing plan for home‑based self‑care treatment can effectively cure mild and common cases of COVID‑19.

Duplication of the common bile duct manifesting as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Duplication of the extrahepatic bile duct(DCBD)is an extremely rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system.There are five types of DCBD according to the latest classification.Among them,Type V is characterized by single drainage of the extrahepatic bile ducts.Reports on DCBD Type V are scarce.CASE SUMMARY A 77-year-old woman presented with recurrent epigastric pain but without fever or chills.Computed tomography revealed a dilated common bile duct(CBD)that harboured multiple choledocholithiasis.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)was performed,and the stones were extracted using a Dormia basket.She was discharged without any complications;however,she visited the emergency department a day after she was discharged due to epigastric pain and fever.Laboratory findings were suggestive of cholestasis.After urgent ERCP for stone removal,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed to evaluate remnant choledocholithiasis.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a DCBD Type Va and remnant choledocholithiasis in the right CBD.Both CBDs were accessed,and the stones were cleared successfully during a subsequent ERCP.CONCLUSION In this article,we report an extremely rare case of DCBD manifesting as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.This case highlights the importance of recognizing DCBD because stones in the unrecognized bile duct could make the patient’s prognosis critical.

Towards a Classification of Left Common Iliac Vein Compression Based on Triplanar Phlebography

Introduction: There is currently no consistent classification of the extent of left common iliac vein compression syndromes such that clinicians working in the area have a common terminology. Hypothesis: To create a classification of left common iliac vein compression based on the end point of triplanar pelvic phlebogrpahy. Methods: Based on 61 consecutive patients found to have left common iliac vein compression on triplanar phlebography in the course of treatment of venous disease, clinical presentation and symptomatology were retrospectively used to create a classification of left common iliac vein compression. Treatment of left common iliac vein compression was also retrospectively correlated with staging. Results: The following classification was arrived at: Stage 0, no compression and no intraluminal fibrous bands;Stage 1, evidence of compression by surrounding anatomical structures with or without the presence of fibrous bands;Stage 2: evidence of compression with or without fibrous bands as evidenced by cross-pelvic collaterals;Stage 3: compression of the left common iliac vein. Fibrous bands replaced by localised occlusion, with collateralisation and no involvement of adjacent venous segments;Stage 4a: as for Stage 3 but with the addition of thrombotic involvement of adjacent venous segments;Stage 4b: as for Stage 4a but with involvement of distal venous segments, femoral and popliteal. Stages 3, 4a or 4b correlated well with clinical presentations of DVT, PE, venous ulceration, vulval or cross-pelvic collaterals, ipsilateral limb swelling and claudication. The presence of varicose veins or recurrent varicose veins was a common finding amongst all groups. Conclusion: Acceptance of this classification system would provide a common terminology to allow more transparent assessment of modalities of treatment for this condition.

黄元御运用浮萍治疗疫病理论及应用探微

清代医家黄元御,学识渊博,医术精湛,尤其擅长运用六经辨证诊治疫病。他在《玉楸药解》和《四圣悬枢》中详细阐述了浮萍的性味、功效及其在六经疫病中的应用,强调其在治疗疫病中的重要作用。在治疗疫病时,根据六经证候特点,黄元御以浮萍为君药,常与芍药、葛根、石膏、地黄等药物配伍。同时,根据病情轻重和个体差异,对药物剂量进行精细调整,以达到最佳治疗效果。黄元御运用浮萍治疗疫病的经验在当时医界具有较大影响,对后世的疫病防治产生了积极影响。在当今疫情频发的背景下,深入研究黄元御的疫病防治思想和方法,对于提高中医药防治疫病的疗效具有重要意义。

外感热病共性病机及传变机制探讨

探讨外感热病共性病机及传变机制。指出外邪侵袭,导致卫气抗邪,正邪相争,阳气壅郁,从而表现出一系列的热病证候,病机特点为“郁-虚”。以“气血-体用”论概括热病证候传变规律,将热病病程概括为气、血两个阶段,其中气分阶段包括卫分等,以功能失调为主;血分统营分,以实质损害为主,兼有更加严重的功能失调。外感热病重症转化病机包括热盛动血、热闭心包、热盛动风、化源欲绝、少阴寒化及正气外脱等。

老年常见病一体化监测平台建设与应用探索

目的:通过智能技术应用辅助老年常见病的监测、治疗和研究,以解决人口老龄化进程加速带来的老年医疗问题。方法:借助医疗物联网智能设备实时监测并整合老年人的必要院外健康数据,形成老年常见病健康数据采集的闭环,建立了老年常见病一体化云监测平台和多维健康数据中心平台。结合大数据治理技术和人工智能技术,探索老年病临床智能推荐决策模型研究。结果:一体化云监测平台已在部分医院试点应用,同时初步建成老年常见病多维健康数据中心平台,有效弥补了以往老年健康数据中心的不足。利用22万余份老年健康数据和医院临床知识库,构建了老年常见病知识图谱,并初步形成了临床智能推荐决策规则引擎;基于知识图谱、智能规则引擎和智能推荐决策模型,借助CDSS的集成应用初步实现老年常见病临床智能推荐决策支持。结论:本次探索在促进区域老年医学信息化、分级诊疗、临床决策支持和慢病管理等方面有积极影响。

高校大学生常见疾病分析及预防

目的分析沈阳某高校大学生常见疾病的发病情况,主要症状,影响因素及预防措施,为高校防治学生常见病提供依据。方法回顾性分析沈阳某高校2022年11月至2023年12月在校医院药房就诊购药人数24520人次,对常见疾病进行分类总结,应用SPSS 19.0软件对结果进行检验并进行统计学分析。结果通过分类统计,显示高校大学生发病率最高的是内科疾病,其次是外科疾病,再次是耳鼻喉科疾病,再次是眼科疾病,其中内科疾病所占的比例最高(P<0.05),且内科就诊的患者主要为呼吸系统疾病,约占83.04%,疾病高发期与季节具有一定相关性。结论高校医院应加强健康教育,提高医疗水平,根据不同季节、年级的学生需求及时提供医疗服务,有效应对学生常见疾病,提高学生健康水平。

桥梁工程常见病害及施工处理技术

随着社会经济的快速发展,人们对路桥工程的施工质量提出了许多要求。为了满足社会的需要,施工单位应确保路桥运营的质量和效率,不断提高施工管理水平。同时,应针对不同种类的疾病制定科学的治疗策略,以减少道路和桥梁的严重疾病。基于路桥常见病治理的重要性,对路桥施工过程中的常见病进行探讨,并在此基础上提出相关的施工治理技术。

分析优质护理对慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉行鼻内镜术后患者睡眠质量的影响

目的:分析优质护理对慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉行鼻内镜术后患者睡眠质量的影响。方法:选取2021年11月至2022年11月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九一〇医院收治的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者70例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组35例。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组实施优质护理干预。采用我院自制的睡眠质量量表比较干预前后2组患者睡眠质量的差异,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估2组患者干预前后的心理状态,采用SF-36生命质量量表比较2组患者干预前后生命质量的变化,并比较2组患者的护理满意度及并发症发生率。结果:干预后,观察组入睡时间、睡眠障碍、催眠药物评分显著低于对照组,观察组睡眠时间显著高于对照组,观察组SAS评分、SDS评分显著低于对照组,观察组护理满意度显著高于对照组,观察组并发症发生率显著低于对照组,观察组SF-36评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:优质护理可以减少患者鼻内镜术后并发症的发生率,改善患者睡眠质量,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高患者的生命质量,具有较好的临床推广应用价值。

自我调节常识模型的疾病感知干预方案在妇科门诊阴道炎患者中的应用效果

目的探究分析自我调节常识模型的疾病感知干预方案在妇科门诊阴道炎患者中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1月至2024年1月院内妇科门诊阴道炎患者共102例,作为本次研究对象。以患者门诊号为基础,采用随机数字表法将102例妇科门诊阴道炎患者(26~49岁)随机分为对照组与观察组。对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用自我调节常识模型的疾病感知干预方案。对比两组的疾病感知状态、疾病应对方式、自我效能、生活质量、阴道pH值及阴道清洁度。结果在疾病感知状态方面,干预后观察组BIPQ评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。在疾病应对方式方面,干预后观察组面对评分高于对照组,屈服以及回避评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。在自我效能方面,干预后观察组ESCA评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。在生活质量方面,观察组SF-36评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。在阴道检测指标方面,观察组阴道pH值低于对照组,阴道清洁度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论自我调节常识模型的疾病感知干预方案可显著改善患者疾病感知状态、疾病应对方式以及自我效能,确保患者生活质量的可持续提升。

基于国医大师郭子光“人-症-病-证”体系探析慢性萎缩性胃炎临床辨治路径

慢性萎缩性胃炎(Chronic Atrophic Gastritis,CAG)中常见的肠上皮化生、异型增生属于胃癌前状态。中医在逆转肠上皮化生及异型增生方面具有治疗优势。笔者系国医大师郭子光教授学术传承人,在郭师学术思想指导下,初步提出基于“人-症-病-证”体系慢性萎缩性胃炎临床辨治路径。以病为纲,抓住CAG“脾气胃阴亏虚,湿热瘀阻胃络”的共性核心病机;兼顾个性,结合患者不同证型的个性病机。以“益气养阴,清热燥湿,和胃通络”为基本治则,创制了“益胃复萎”方这一验方,基于此方,分型分期加减论治。病证结合,最大化地优化临床疗效,更能发挥中医特色优势。