Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective treatment for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a minority of patients develop cognitive problems, particularly a decline of ...Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective treatment for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a minority of patients develop cognitive problems, particularly a decline of executive function in the early period after STN DBS. Although this problem is usually transient, it may cause social maladjustment. We investigated factors affecting early decline of executive function after STN-DBS. Fifty-seven patients whose preoperative global cognitive screening was normal (MMSE score;28 or more) were enrolled in this study. Executive function was evaluated with the Trail-Making Test (TMT) preoperatively and 1-month after surgery. We considered a patient to have decline in executive function if the TMT (B-A) was prolonged more than 30 seconds after STN DBS. Among 57 patients, 25 patients were categorized as having decline of executive function. Univariate analysis revealed that high preoperative UPDRS III motor score in the medication-off period and a depressive state evaluated with BDI-II correlated significantly with decline in executive function. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant independent variable related to early decline of executive function was the preoperative BDI-II score. Postoperative factors such as active contact location or dopaminergic medication reduction had no relation with the decline of executive function. Even in cognitively well-selected patients, STN DBS causes early decline in executive function in a significant number of patients. Preoperative simple cognitive screening alone could not predict early decline in executive function. More detailed neuropsychological evaluation, including mood status, should be undertaken before surgery.展开更多
Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since F...Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since Functional Equivalence Theory emphasizesthe functional equivalence between ST and TL which provides a new idea and method for literary translation,the thesis makes ananalysis of the Chinese version of Charlotte's Web.This comes from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory so as to dis-cusses whether Functional Equivalence Theory is effective in the translation of children's literature,and how has it been em-ployed.The thesis hopes that children's literature will be paid more attention,and the prosperity of children's literature transla-tion will be promoted.展开更多
As children mature, bike products for children in the market develop at the same time, and the conditions are frequently updated. Certain problems occur when using a bike, such as cycle overlapping, repeating function...As children mature, bike products for children in the market develop at the same time, and the conditions are frequently updated. Certain problems occur when using a bike, such as cycle overlapping, repeating function, and short life cycle, which go against the principles of energy conservation and the environmental protection intensive design concept. In this paper, a rational multi-function method of design through functional superposition, transformation, and technical implementation is proposed. An organic combination of frog-style scooter and children’s tricycle is developed using the multi-function method. From the ergonomic perspective, the paper elaborates on the body size of children aged 5 to 12 and effectively extracts data for a multi-function children’s bike, which can be used for gliding and riding. By inverting the body, parts can be interchanged between the handles and the pedals of the bike. Finally, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the components and structural design, body material, and processing technology of the bike. The study of Industrial Product Innovation Design provides an effective design method to solve the bicycle problems, extends the function problems, improves the product market situation, and enhances the energy saving feature while implementing intensive product development effectively at the same time.展开更多
This study utilized a longitudinal design to examine the relationships between the specific components of executive function(EF)and the internalizing and externalizing behavior across different genders and contexts in...This study utilized a longitudinal design to examine the relationships between the specific components of executive function(EF)and the internalizing and externalizing behavior across different genders and contexts in Chinese cultural background.Inhibition,cognitive flexibility,and working memory of EF based on 101 preschool children’s(48 boys and 53 girls)(M_(T1)=4.25,SD=0.76)performances were measured when completing tasks in NIH Toolbox.Twelve months later,boys’and girls’internalizing and externalizing behavior in home-and school-settings was assessed through mother’s feedback on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and teachers’reports of the Child Behavior Rating Scale.The results show that boys’inhibition,cognitive flexibility,and working memory negatively predict their externalizing behavior in the home context,while their cognitive flexibility negatively predicts externalizing behavior in the school context.Additionally,boys’inhibition positively predicts their internalizing behavior only in the school context.For girls,their cognitive flexibility positively predicts externalizing behavior only in the school context.No significant relationship is found among the girls between EF and problem behavior in the home context.These findings suggest that gender differences and a shift in contexts could alternate the relationship between EF and children’s problem behavior.This study sheds light on targeted preventions and interventions based on contexts and gender.展开更多
Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memor...Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.展开更多
Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders.Cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is the most ...Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders.Cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is the most common food allergy,especially in infancy and childhood,which may persist into adulthood.There are three main types of CMPA;immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated CMPA,non-IgEmediated CMPA,and mixed type.CMPA appears before the first birthday in almost all cases.Symptoms may start even during the neonatal period and can be severe enough to simulate neonatal sepsis.CMPA(often non-IgE mediated)can present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux,eosinophilic esophagitis,hemorrhagic gastritis,food protein-induced protein-losing enteropathy,and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.Most CMPAs are benign and outgrown during childhood.CMPA is not as common in adults as in children,but when present,it is usually severe with a protracted course.Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by the development of many symptoms related to the consumption of foods containing lactose.Lactose intolerance has four typical types:Developmental,congenital,primary,and secondary.Lactose intolerance and CMPA may be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for many functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults.They are also common in inflammatory bowel diseases.Milk consumption may have preventive or promoter effects on cancer development.Milk may also become a source of microbial infection in humans,causing a wide array of diseases,and may help increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.This editorial summarizes the common milk-related disorders and their symptoms from childhood to adulthood.展开更多
目的系统评价认知参与型身体活动(CEPA)对儿童青少年执行功能的干预效果。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、EBSCO和中国知网等自建库至2023年11月30日的中、英文文献。根据纳入排除标准筛选出符合要求的文献,并对其做质量评...目的系统评价认知参与型身体活动(CEPA)对儿童青少年执行功能的干预效果。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、EBSCO和中国知网等自建库至2023年11月30日的中、英文文献。根据纳入排除标准筛选出符合要求的文献,并对其做质量评价后进行系统综述。结果最终纳入15篇文献,发表于2014年至2023年之间,来自8个国家,涉及1806例年龄在4~16岁的研究对象。PEDro量表评分平均为6.6分。纳入分析的CEPA干预运动强度为64%~93%HRmax,单次干预的持续时间10~60 min,干预频率为每周2~5次,干预周期为4~24周。CEPA的具体形式包括结合认知任务的足球、篮球和地板球,结合认知任务的跑、跳、蹲、坐、旋转和保持平衡,以及结合认知任务的体感游戏。纳入的15项研究中有11项在执行功能的至少1种成分上表现出积极效果,但涉及工作记忆的7项研究有6项未能验证积极效应。在12项对比分析CEPA和身体活动或常规体育课的干预效果差异研究中,有9项发现CEPA对执行功能的干预效果更佳。结论CEPA对儿童青少年的认知灵活性有积极影响,对抑制控制的影响有争议,而对工作记忆的影响未得到验证。CEPA的干预类型分为结合认知任务的球类运动、基本动作技能训练和体感游戏。展开更多
目的根据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的理论与方法,建立孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童身体活动的范畴和结构,系统评价长期身体活动对ASD儿童执行功能的影响。方法检索万方数据库、中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science...目的根据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的理论与方法,建立孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童身体活动的范畴和结构,系统评价长期身体活动对ASD儿童执行功能的影响。方法检索万方数据库、中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和ProQuest等数据库,收集2014年至2023年公开发表的身体活动与ASD儿童执行功能相关的文献,根据文献的纳入和排除标准纳入文献,采用PRISMA指南对纳入文献进行系统综述,采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表对文献质量进行评价。结果最终纳入10篇文献,包括9项随机对照试验和1项非随机对照试验,共351例ASD儿童,年龄3~18岁;来自意大利、加拿大、韩国、中国、美国5个国家;发表时间集中在2016年之后。ASD儿童的身体活动主要包括运动项目类活动(如棒球、篮球、乒乓球、马术辅助活动)、技能类活动(如自行车、认知运动训练、运动式游戏)、体能类活动(SPARK),以及格斗类项目(格斗和空手道)。干预频率每次30~70 min,以每次45 min居多;每周1~5次,以每周2次居多;持续2~24周,以12周居多。长期身体活动可以改善ASD儿童的抑制控制和认知灵活性,对工作记忆的改善效果存在不一致现象。结论长期身体活动对ASD儿童执行功能的改善具有选择性影响,可以改善ASD儿童的抑制控制和认知灵活性,对工作记忆的改善还存在一定分歧。展开更多
文摘Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective treatment for medically refractory Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, a minority of patients develop cognitive problems, particularly a decline of executive function in the early period after STN DBS. Although this problem is usually transient, it may cause social maladjustment. We investigated factors affecting early decline of executive function after STN-DBS. Fifty-seven patients whose preoperative global cognitive screening was normal (MMSE score;28 or more) were enrolled in this study. Executive function was evaluated with the Trail-Making Test (TMT) preoperatively and 1-month after surgery. We considered a patient to have decline in executive function if the TMT (B-A) was prolonged more than 30 seconds after STN DBS. Among 57 patients, 25 patients were categorized as having decline of executive function. Univariate analysis revealed that high preoperative UPDRS III motor score in the medication-off period and a depressive state evaluated with BDI-II correlated significantly with decline in executive function. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the only significant independent variable related to early decline of executive function was the preoperative BDI-II score. Postoperative factors such as active contact location or dopaminergic medication reduction had no relation with the decline of executive function. Even in cognitively well-selected patients, STN DBS causes early decline in executive function in a significant number of patients. Preoperative simple cognitive screening alone could not predict early decline in executive function. More detailed neuropsychological evaluation, including mood status, should be undertaken before surgery.
文摘Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since Functional Equivalence Theory emphasizesthe functional equivalence between ST and TL which provides a new idea and method for literary translation,the thesis makes ananalysis of the Chinese version of Charlotte's Web.This comes from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory so as to dis-cusses whether Functional Equivalence Theory is effective in the translation of children's literature,and how has it been em-ployed.The thesis hopes that children's literature will be paid more attention,and the prosperity of children's literature transla-tion will be promoted.
基金supported by Social Science Fund for Young Scholar of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No. 12YJC760092)Changzhou Key Digital Manufacturing Technology Laboratory Foundation of China(Grant No. CM2007301)
文摘As children mature, bike products for children in the market develop at the same time, and the conditions are frequently updated. Certain problems occur when using a bike, such as cycle overlapping, repeating function, and short life cycle, which go against the principles of energy conservation and the environmental protection intensive design concept. In this paper, a rational multi-function method of design through functional superposition, transformation, and technical implementation is proposed. An organic combination of frog-style scooter and children’s tricycle is developed using the multi-function method. From the ergonomic perspective, the paper elaborates on the body size of children aged 5 to 12 and effectively extracts data for a multi-function children’s bike, which can be used for gliding and riding. By inverting the body, parts can be interchanged between the handles and the pedals of the bike. Finally, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the components and structural design, body material, and processing technology of the bike. The study of Industrial Product Innovation Design provides an effective design method to solve the bicycle problems, extends the function problems, improves the product market situation, and enhances the energy saving feature while implementing intensive product development effectively at the same time.
基金funded by the general program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Cumulative Risks and Internalizing Behavior of School-Age Children:A Systematic Perspective Based on Gene,Environment,Brain,and Cognition”(No.32171069).
文摘This study utilized a longitudinal design to examine the relationships between the specific components of executive function(EF)and the internalizing and externalizing behavior across different genders and contexts in Chinese cultural background.Inhibition,cognitive flexibility,and working memory of EF based on 101 preschool children’s(48 boys and 53 girls)(M_(T1)=4.25,SD=0.76)performances were measured when completing tasks in NIH Toolbox.Twelve months later,boys’and girls’internalizing and externalizing behavior in home-and school-settings was assessed through mother’s feedback on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and teachers’reports of the Child Behavior Rating Scale.The results show that boys’inhibition,cognitive flexibility,and working memory negatively predict their externalizing behavior in the home context,while their cognitive flexibility negatively predicts externalizing behavior in the school context.Additionally,boys’inhibition positively predicts their internalizing behavior only in the school context.For girls,their cognitive flexibility positively predicts externalizing behavior only in the school context.No significant relationship is found among the girls between EF and problem behavior in the home context.These findings suggest that gender differences and a shift in contexts could alternate the relationship between EF and children’s problem behavior.This study sheds light on targeted preventions and interventions based on contexts and gender.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30872132
文摘Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.
文摘Milk is related to many gastrointestinal disorders from the cradle to the grave due to the many milk ingredients that can trigger gastrointestinal discomfort and disorders.Cow’s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is the most common food allergy,especially in infancy and childhood,which may persist into adulthood.There are three main types of CMPA;immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated CMPA,non-IgEmediated CMPA,and mixed type.CMPA appears before the first birthday in almost all cases.Symptoms may start even during the neonatal period and can be severe enough to simulate neonatal sepsis.CMPA(often non-IgE mediated)can present with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux,eosinophilic esophagitis,hemorrhagic gastritis,food protein-induced protein-losing enteropathy,and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.Most CMPAs are benign and outgrown during childhood.CMPA is not as common in adults as in children,but when present,it is usually severe with a protracted course.Lactose intolerance is a prevalent condition characterized by the development of many symptoms related to the consumption of foods containing lactose.Lactose intolerance has four typical types:Developmental,congenital,primary,and secondary.Lactose intolerance and CMPA may be the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms for many functional gastrointestinal disorders in children and adults.They are also common in inflammatory bowel diseases.Milk consumption may have preventive or promoter effects on cancer development.Milk may also become a source of microbial infection in humans,causing a wide array of diseases,and may help increase the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.This editorial summarizes the common milk-related disorders and their symptoms from childhood to adulthood.
文摘目的系统评价认知参与型身体活动(CEPA)对儿童青少年执行功能的干预效果。方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、EBSCO和中国知网等自建库至2023年11月30日的中、英文文献。根据纳入排除标准筛选出符合要求的文献,并对其做质量评价后进行系统综述。结果最终纳入15篇文献,发表于2014年至2023年之间,来自8个国家,涉及1806例年龄在4~16岁的研究对象。PEDro量表评分平均为6.6分。纳入分析的CEPA干预运动强度为64%~93%HRmax,单次干预的持续时间10~60 min,干预频率为每周2~5次,干预周期为4~24周。CEPA的具体形式包括结合认知任务的足球、篮球和地板球,结合认知任务的跑、跳、蹲、坐、旋转和保持平衡,以及结合认知任务的体感游戏。纳入的15项研究中有11项在执行功能的至少1种成分上表现出积极效果,但涉及工作记忆的7项研究有6项未能验证积极效应。在12项对比分析CEPA和身体活动或常规体育课的干预效果差异研究中,有9项发现CEPA对执行功能的干预效果更佳。结论CEPA对儿童青少年的认知灵活性有积极影响,对抑制控制的影响有争议,而对工作记忆的影响未得到验证。CEPA的干预类型分为结合认知任务的球类运动、基本动作技能训练和体感游戏。
文摘目的根据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(儿童青少年版)》(ICF-CY)的理论与方法,建立孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)儿童身体活动的范畴和结构,系统评价长期身体活动对ASD儿童执行功能的影响。方法检索万方数据库、中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science和ProQuest等数据库,收集2014年至2023年公开发表的身体活动与ASD儿童执行功能相关的文献,根据文献的纳入和排除标准纳入文献,采用PRISMA指南对纳入文献进行系统综述,采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表对文献质量进行评价。结果最终纳入10篇文献,包括9项随机对照试验和1项非随机对照试验,共351例ASD儿童,年龄3~18岁;来自意大利、加拿大、韩国、中国、美国5个国家;发表时间集中在2016年之后。ASD儿童的身体活动主要包括运动项目类活动(如棒球、篮球、乒乓球、马术辅助活动)、技能类活动(如自行车、认知运动训练、运动式游戏)、体能类活动(SPARK),以及格斗类项目(格斗和空手道)。干预频率每次30~70 min,以每次45 min居多;每周1~5次,以每周2次居多;持续2~24周,以12周居多。长期身体活动可以改善ASD儿童的抑制控制和认知灵活性,对工作记忆的改善效果存在不一致现象。结论长期身体活动对ASD儿童执行功能的改善具有选择性影响,可以改善ASD儿童的抑制控制和认知灵活性,对工作记忆的改善还存在一定分歧。
