Impact of metabolic syndrome components on clinical outcomes in hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia(HTG)-induced acute pancreatitis(AP)is steadily increasing in China,becoming the second leading cause of AP.Clinical complications and outcomes associated with HTG-AP are generally more severe than those seen in AP caused by other etiologies.HTG-AP is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction and frequently coexists with metabolic syndrome or its components.However,the impact of metabolic syndrome components on HTGAP clinical outcomes remains unclear.AIM To investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome component burden on clinical outcomes in HTG-AP.METHODS In this retrospective study of 255 patients diagnosed with HTG-AP at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,we collected data on patient demographics,clinical scores,complications,and clinical outcomes.Subsequently,we analyzed the influence of the presence and number of individual metabolic syndrome components,including obesity,hyperglycemia,hypertension,and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),on the aforementioned parameters in HTG-AP patients.RESULTS This study found that metabolic syndrome components were associated with an increased risk of various complications in HTG-AP,with low HDL-C being the most significant risk factor for clinical outcomes.The risk of complications increased with the number of metabolic syndrome components.Adjusted for age and sex,patients with highcomponent metabolic syndrome had significantly higher risks of renal failure[odds ratio(OR)=3.02,95%CI:1.12-8.11)],SAP(OR=5.05,95%CI:2.04-12.49),and intensive care unit admission(OR=6.41,95%CI:2.42-16.97)compared to those without metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSION The coexistence of multiple metabolic syndrome components can synergistically worsen the clinical course of HTGAP,making it crucial to monitor these components for effective disease management.

Embryonic, genetic and clinical outcomes of fresh versus vitrified oocyte: A retrospective cohort study

Objective:To compare embryonic development,ploidy status and clinical outcomes between fresh and frozen-thawed oocytes.Methods:This retrospective cohort study evaluated 83 fertilization cycles including both fresh and frozen oocytes from 79 patients at the HP Fertility Center of Hai Phong International Hospital of Obstetrics and Pediatrics in Vietnam.The patient underwent several ovarian stimulation cycles to accumulate a certain number of oocytes that would be vitrified.In the last oocyte retrieval,all patient’s oocytes including both frozen and fresh would be fertilized.The outcomes included the rates of oocyte survival,cleavage embryo,blastocyst,ploidy status,pregnancy,biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy.Results:The oocyte survival rate after thawing was 96.5%.No statistically significant difference was found when comparing fresh and frozen oocytes regarding fertilization rate(78.1%vs.75.5%,P=0.461),usable cleavage embryo rate(86.9%vs.87.2%,P=0.916)but usable blastocyst rate was found higher statistically in the frozen oocyte group(44.4%vs.54.0%,P=0.049).The percentages of euploid,aneuploid and mosaic embryos between the fresh group and the vitrified group had no significant differences(33.8%vs.31.6%,P=0.682;51.0%vs.54.2%,P=0.569;15.2%vs.12.4%,P=0.787;respectively).The rates of pregnancy,biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy had no statistical difference(68.8%vs.64.8%,P=0.764;12.5%vs.3.6%,P=0.258;37.5%vs.46.4%,P=0.565).17 Mature oocytes are the minimum to have at least one euploid embryo.Conclusions:Oocyte vitrification does not affect embryonic,genetic and clinical results.The number of mature oocytes should be considered for fertilization in some cases.

Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Mutational separation and clinical outcomes of TP53 and CDH1 in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a deadly tumor with the fifth highest occurrence and highest global mortality rates.Owing to its heterogeneity,the underlying mechanism of GC remains unclear,and chemotherapy offers little benefit to individuals.AIM To investigate the clinical outcomes of TP53 and CDH1 mutations in GC.METHODS In this study,202 gastric adenocarcinoma tumor tissues and their corresponding normal tissues were collected.A total of 490 genes were identified using target capture.Through t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test,somatic mutations,microsatellite instability,and clinical statistics,including overall survival,were detected,compared,and calculated.RESULTS The mutation rates of 32 genes,including TP53,SPEN,FAT1,and CDH1 exceeded 10%.TP53 mutations had a slightly lower overall occurrence rate(33%).The TP53 mutation rate was significantly higher in advanced stages(stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ)than that in early stages(stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ)(P<0.05).In contrast,CDH1 mutations were significantly associated with diffuse GC.TP53 is related to poor prognosis of advanced-stage tumors;nevertheless,CDH1 corresponds to a diffuse type of cancer.TP53 is exclusively mutated in CDH1 and is primarily affected by two distinct GC mechanisms.CONCLUSION Different somatic mutation patterns in TP53 and CDH1 indicate two major mechanisms of GC.

Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of ses Stent in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Intracoronary Stenting in Small Vessels

Background:Limited data are available for sirolimus-eluting stent(SES,Cypher)implantation in patients with coronary artery disease in small vessels.The clinical longtermoutcomes of SES in patients with coronary artery disease after intracoronary stenting in small vessels has not been yet evaluated.

Correlation of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 expression with clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients of different race/ethnicity

AIM： To evaluate the role of N-myc downstream- regulated gene 1 （NDRG1） expression in prognosis and survival of colorectal cancer patients with different ethnic backgrounds. METHODS： Because NDRG1 is a downstream target of p53 and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）, we examined NDRG1 expression together with p53 and HIF-1α by irnmunohistochernistry. A total of 157 colorectal cancer specimens including 80 from Japanese patients and 77 from US patients were examined. The correlation between protein expression with clinicopathological features and survival after surgery was analyzed. RESULTS： NDRG1 protein was significantly increased in colorectal tumor compared with normal epithelium in both Japanese and US patient groups. Expression of NDRG1 protein was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, depth of invasion, histopathological type, and Dukes＇ stage in Japanese colorectal cancer patients. NDRG1 expression was correlated to histopathological type, Dukes＇ stage and HIF-1α expression in US-Caucasian patients but not in US-African American patients. Interestingly, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that NDRG1 expression correlated significantly with poorer survival in US-African American patients but not in other patient groups. However, in p53-positive US cases, NDRG1 positivity correlated significantly with better survival. In addition, NDRG1 expression also correlated significantly with improved survival in US patients with stages Ⅲ and IV tumors without chemotherapy. In Japanese patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ tumors, strong NDRG1 staining in p53- positive tumors correlated significantly with improved survival but negatively in patients without chemotherapy. CONCLUSION： NDRG1 expression was correlated with various clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer depending on the race/ethnicity of the patients. NDRG1 may serve as a biological basis for the disparity of clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer patients with different ethnic backgrounds.

Clinical outcomes of isolated renal failure compared to other forms of organ failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

To assess differences in clinical outcomes of isolated renal failure (RF) compared to other forms of organ failure (OF) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODSUsing a prospectively maintained database of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to a tertiary medical center between 2003 and 2016, those with evidence of persistent OF were classified to renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, or multi-organ (2 or more organs). Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, etiology of acute pancreatitis, and clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded. Differences in clinical outcomes after development of isolated RF in comparison to other forms of OF were determined using independent t and Mann-Whitney U tests for continues variables, and χ2 test for discrete variables. RESULTSAmong 500 patients with acute pancreatitis, 111 patients developed persistent OF: mean age was 54 years, and 75 (67.6%) were male. Forty-three patients had isolated OF: 17 (15.3%) renal, 25 (21.6%) respiratory, and 1 (0.9%) patient with cardiovascular failure. No differences in demographics, etiology of acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome scores, or development of pancreatic necrosis were seen between patients with isolated RF vs isolated respiratory failure. Patients with isolated RF were less likely to require nutritional support (76.5% vs 96%, P = 0.001), ICU admission (58.8% vs 100%, P = 0.001), and had shorter mean ICU stay (2.4 d vs 15.7 d, P < 0.001), compared to isolated respiratory failure. None of the patients with isolated RF or isolated respiratory failure died. CONCLUSIONAmong patients with SAP per the Revised Atlanta Classification, approximately 15% develop isolated RF. This subgroup seems to have a less protracted clinical course compared to other forms of OF. Isolated RF might be weighed less than isolated respiratory failure in risk predictive modeling of acute pancreatitis.

Effect of postoperative early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes and immune function of cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice

BACKGROUND Most cholangiocarcinoma patients with malignant obstructive jaundice(MOJ)have varying degrees of malnutrition and immunodeficiency preoperatively.Therefore,perioperative nutritional support has important clinical significance in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.AIM To investigate the effects of postoperative early enteral nutrition(EEN)on immunity function and clinical outcomes of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ.METHODS This prospective clinical study included 60 cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ who underwent surgery.The patients were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group according to the nutrition support modes.The control group received postoperative total parenteral nutrition(TPN),whereas the experimental group received postoperative EEN and parenteral nutrition(PN;EEN+PN).The clinical outcomes,postoperative immune function,incidences of surgical site infection and bile leakage,intestinal function recovery time,average hospitalization days,and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were assessed on postoperative days(PODs)1,3,and 7.RESULTS The CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell count and the immunoglobulin(Ig)G,IgM,and IgA levels in the EEN+PN group were significantly higher than those in the TPN group on PODs 3 and 7(P<0.05),whereas no significant differences in the CD3+T,CD4+T,CD8+T,and CD4+T/CD8+T cell counts and IgG,IgM,and IgA levels before operation and on POD 1 were found between the two groups(P>0.05).The intestinal function recovery time and postoperative hospital stay were shorter(P<0.001 for both)in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group.The hospitalization expenses of the EEN+PN group were lower than those of the TPN group(P<0.001).However,the incidence of abdominal distension was higher than in the EEN+PN group than in the TPN group(P<0.05).The incidence rates of biliary leakage and surgical site infection were not significantly different between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION A postoperative EEN program could reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and improve the clinical outcomes and immune functions of cholangiocarcinoma patients with MOJ and is thus beneficial to patient recovery.

Five-year major clinical outcomes between first-generation ana second- generation drug-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention

Background There were limited data comparing the major clinical outcomes between first-generation （1G）-drug eluting stentts （DES） and second-generation （2G）-DES in patients with acute myocardial infarction （AMI） after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） during very long follow-up periods. We thought to investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of 2G-DES compared with 1G-DES in AMI patients during 5-year follow-up periods. Method A total of 1016 eligible AMI patients who underwent PCI with 1G-DES [paclitaxel-, sirolimus-, 1G-zotarolimus-eluting stent （endeavor~ or endeavor sprintS）, n = 554] or 2G-DES [2G-zotarolimus （endeavor resolute~）- or everolimus-eluting stent, n = 462] were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events （MACE） defined as total death, non-fatal myocardial infarction （MI）, target lesion revascularization （TLR）, target vessel revascularization （TVR）, non-target vessel revascularization （Non-TVR） and the secondary endpoint was stem thrombosis （ST） at 5 years. Results Two propensity score-ma- tched （PSM） groups （232 pairs, n = 464, C-statistic = 0.802） were generated. During the 5-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence of TLR [hazard ratio （HR）： 3.133; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.539-6.376; P = 0.002], TVR （HR： 3.144; 95% CI： 1.59645.192; P = 0.001） and total revascularization rate （FIR： 1.874; 95% CI： 1.086-3.140; P = 0.023） were significantly higher in 1G-DES compared with 2G-DES after PSM. However, the incidence of total death, non-fatal MI and ST were similar between the two groups. Conclusion In this single-center and all-comers registry, 2G-DES＇s superiorities for TLR, TVP, and total revascularization in AMI patients suggested during 5-year clinical follow-up periods.

Association of fluid balance trajectories with clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock:A prospective multicenter cohort study

Background:Septic shock has a high incidence and mortality rate in Intensive Care Units(ICUs).Earlier intravenous fluid resuscitation can significantly improve outcomes in septic patients but easily leads to fluid overload(FO),which is associated with poor clinical outcomes.A single point value of fluid cannot provide enough fluid information.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of fluid balance(FB)latent trajectories on clinical outcomes in septic patients.Methods:Patients were diagnosed with septic shock during the first 48 h,and sequential fluid data for the first 3 days of ICU admission were included.A group-based trajectory model(GBTM)which is designed to identify groups of individuals following similar developmental trajectories was used to identify latent subgroups of individuals following a similar progression of FB.The primary outcomes were hospital mortality,organ dysfunction,major adverse kidney events(MAKE)and severe respiratory adverse events(SRAE).We used multivariable Cox or logistic regression analysis to assess the association between FB trajectories and clinical outcomes.Results:Nine hundred eighty-six patients met the inclusion criteria and were assigned to GBTM analysis,and three latent FB trajectories were detected.64(6.5%),841(85.3%),and 81(8.2%)patients were identified to have decreased,low,and high FB,respectively.Compared with low FB,high FB was associated with increased hospital mortality[hazard ratio(HR)=1.63,95%CI 1.22–2.17],organ dysfunction[odds ratio(OR)=2.18,95%CI 1.22–3.42],MAKE(OR=1.80,95%CI 1.04–2.63)and SRAE(OR=2.33,95%CI 1.46–3.71),and decreasing FB was significantly associated with decreased MAKE(OR=0.46,95%CI 0.29–0.79)after adjustment for potential covariates.Conclusion:Latent subgroups of septic patients followed a similar FB progression.These latent fluid trajectories were associated with clinical outcomes.The decreasing FB trajectory was associated with a decreased risk of hospital mortality and MAKE.

High-quality Cleavage Embryo versus Low-quality Blastocyst in Frozen-thawed Cycles:Comparison of Clinical Outcomes

This study compared the clinical outcomes of the frozen-thawed cycles of high-quality cleavage embryos with low-quality blastocysts to provide a reference for the choice of frozen-thawed embryo transfer schemes and to improve clinical pregnancy rates.A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2016 to 2017.In total,845 cases were divided into a high-quality cleavage embryo group(group A)and a low-quality blastocyst group(group B).Each group was further divided into subgroups based on the number of transplants.Group A was categorized into two subgroups comprising of 94 cases in subgroup Al(1 high-quality 8-cell group)and 201 cases in subgroup A2(2 high-quality 8-cell group).Group B was divided into four subgroups consisting of 73 cases in subgroup B I(D53BC group),65 cases in subgroup B2(D54BC group),110 cases in subgroup B3(D63BC group),and 282 cases in subgroup B4(D64BC group).The pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes between the groups were compared.The clinical pregnancy rates(56.72%and 60.00%)and live birth rates(47.76%and 46.15%)in subgroups A2 and B2 showed no significant differences,but these rates were significantly higher in subgroups A2 and B2 than in the rest subgroups(P<0.05).The multiple birth rate(26.32%)in the subgroup A2 was significantly higher than that in the rest subgroups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the abortion rates among all groups(P>0.05).In terms of neonatal outcomes,there were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of premature births,sex ratios,and birth defects among the low-weight and gigantic infants(P>0.05).Transplanting two high-quality cleavage embryos during the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles could significantly increase clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates,but at the same time,it also increased the risks of multiple births and complications to mothers and infants.The D54BC subgroup had the most significant advantages among all groups(P<0.05).The rest low-quality blastocysts had clinical outcomes similar to the single high-quality cleavage embryo group.

Endovascular stent-grafts for acute and chronic type B aortic dissection: comparison of clinical outcomes

Within the recent months, endovascular repair of aortic aneurysms has become a rather interesting alternative to patients considering open surgery. In the past, the procedure was typically and more solely reserved to a selected group of elderly patients with several co-morbidities.……

Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in liver transplant recipients

BACKGROUND Liver transplant patients are at higher risk of infection due to immunosuppression.Whether liver transplant recipients are also more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and will have worse outcomes than the general population if they develop coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)due to SARS-CoV-2 is a topic of ongoing studies,including ours.AIM To assess the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients.METHODS This was a case-control study,with a database search performed(at the study site)from March 1,2020 through February 28,2021.Patients 18 years or older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were included in the study.Patients with infection other than pneumonia at the time of admission were excluded.After selection,patients who had been the recipient of liver transplant were considered cases and those without as controls.After being matched by age,sex,and obesity,two controls were randomly selected for each case.Death and hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection were the primary outcomes.Secondary outcomes were pertinent only to patients who were hospitalized,and they included duration of hospital stay,need for supplemental oxygen,presence of at least one type of end-organ damage,effects on liver enzymes,incidence of acute liver failure,effect on d-dimer levels,and incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE).Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare all primary and secondary outcomes with the exception of duration of hospital stay and d-dimer levels,which were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Alpha criterion was set at 0.05.Logistic regression was performed for each primary outcome(as the dependent variable).Statistical analyses were performed using R software.RESULTS Of the 470 Liver transplant recipients who were tested for COVID-19 via the PCR test,39 patients tested positive(8.3%).There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding death[odds ratio(OR):2.04,95%confidence interval(CI):0.14–29.17;P=0.60]and hospitalization rates(OR:1.38,95%CI:0.59–3.24;P=0.46).There also was no significant difference between cases and controls with respect to all secondary outcomes.Among all patients who had elevated liver enzymes,their levels were either normalized,improving,or remained stable at the time of discharge.No patient developed acute liver failure.Of the 31 hospitalized patients,27 received a prophylactic anticoagulation dose and no patient developed VTE in either group.Among cases who were hospitalized,immunosuppression was decreased in 5 patients and there was no change in immunosuppression among the remaining 7 patients.One patient died in each of these two subgroups.Logistic regression analysis was done,but all of the models had poor model predictions as well as insignificant predictors(independent variables).Therefore,they could not be used for either prediction or inference.CONCLUSION Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients are not different than those without transplantation.COVID-19 should not impact timely health care access and immunosuppression continuation among these patients.

Clinical outcomes of patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Duodenal adenocarcinoma(DA)and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma(it-PVA)are rare malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.Current therapeutic options are translated nowadays from treatment strategies for patients with colorectal cancer due to histopathological similarities.AIM To retrospectively investigate the clinical outcome of patients with DA and it-PVA.METHODS All patients with DA and it-PVA diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were included at two academic centers in the Netherlands.All patients with histopathologically-confirmed DA or it-PVA were eligible for inclusion.Clinical outcome was compared between DA and it-PVA per disease stage.In the subgroup of stage IV disease,survival after local treatment of oligometastases was compared with systemic therapy or supportive care.RESULTS In total,155 patients with DA and it-PVA were included.Patients with it-PVA more often presented with stage I disease,while DA was more often diagnosed at stage IV(P<0.001).Of all patients,79%were treated with curative intent.The median survival was 39 mo,and no difference in survival was found for patients with DA and it-PVA after stratification for disease stage.Seven(23%)of 31 patients with synchronous stage IV disease underwent resection of the primary tumor,combined with local treatment of oligometastases.Local treatment of metastases was associated with an overall survival of 37 mo,compared to 14 and 6 mo for systemic therapy and supportive care,respectively.CONCLUSION Survival of patients with DA and it-PVA is comparable per disease stage.These results suggest a potential benefit for local treatment strategies in selected patients with oligometastases,although additional prospective studies are needed.

Impact of modern antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B and C on clinical outcomes of liver disease

Chronic infections with the hepatitis B and C viruses have significant worldwide health and economic impacts.Previous treatments for hepatitis C such as interferon and ribavirin therapy were ineffective and poorly tolerated by patients.The introduction of directly acting curative antiviral therapy for hepatitis C and the wider use of nucleos(t)ide analogues for suppression of chronic Hepatitis B infection have resulted in many positive developments.Decreasing the prevalence of hepatitis B and C have concurrently reduced transmission rates and hence,the number of new infections.Antiviral treatments have decreased the rates of liver decompensation and as a result,lowered hospitalisation and mortality rates for both chronic hepatitis B and C infection.The quality of life of chronically infected patients has also been improved significantly by modern treatment.Antiviral therapy has stopped the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis in certain patient cohorts and prevented ongoing hepatocellular damage in patients with existing cirrhosis.Longer term benefits of antiviral therapy include a reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and decreased number of patients requiring liver transplantation.This review article assesses the literature and summarises the impact of modern antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B and C on clinical outcomes from liver disease.

New-onset depression after hip fracture surgery among older patients:Effects on associated clinical outcomes and what can we do?

BACKGROUND Hip fracture in the elderly is a worldwide medical problem.New-onset depression after hip fracture has also received attention because of its increasing incidence and negative impact on recovery.AIM To provide a synthesis of the literature addressing two very important questions arising from postoperative hip fracture depression(PHFD)research:the risk factors and associated clinical outcomes of PHFD,and the optimal options for intervention in PHFD.METHODS We searched the PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and PsycINFO databases for English papers published from 2000 to 2021.RESULTS Our results showed that PHFD may result in poor clinical outcomes,such as poor physical function and more medical support.In addition,the risk factors for PHFD were summarized,which made it possible to assess patients preoperatively.Moreover,our work preliminarily suggested that comprehensive care may be the optimal treatment option for PHFDs,while interdisciplinary intervention can also be clinically useful.CONCLUSION We suggest that clinicians should assess risk factors for PHFDs preoperatively,and future research should further validate current treatment methods in more countries and regions and explore more advanced solutions.

Prospective evaluation of health status, quality of life and clinical outcomes following implantable defibrillator generator exchange

BACKGROUND Little is known about health status and quality of life(QoL)after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD)generator exchange(GE).METHODS We prospectively followed patients undergoing first-time ICD GE.Serial assessments of health status were performed by administering the 36-Item Short Form Survey(SF-36).RESULTS Mean age was 67.5±14.3 years,left ventricle ejection fraction(LVEF)was 36.5%±15.0%and over 40%of the cohort had improved LVEF to>35%at the time of GE.SF-36 scores were significantly worse in physical/general health domains compared to domains of emotional/social well-being(P<0.001 for each comparison).Physical health scores were significantly worse among those with medical comorbidities including diabetes,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation.Mean follow-up was 1.6±0.5 years after GE.Overall SF-36 scores remained stable across all domains during follow-up.Survival at 3 years post-GE was estimated at 80%.Five patients died during follow-up and most deaths were adjudicated as non-arrhythmic in origin.Four patients experienced appropriate ICD shocks after GE,three of whom had LVEF which remains impaired LVEF(i.e.,<35%)at the time of GE.CONCLUSION Patients undergoing ICD GE have significantly worse physical health compared to emotional/social well-being,which is associated with the presence of medical comorbidities.In terms of clinical outcomes,the incidence of appropriate shocks after GE among those with improvement in LVEF is very low,and most deaths post-procedure appear to be non-arrhythmic in origin.These data represent an attempt to more fully characterize the spectrum of QoL and clinical outcomes after GE.

Influence of Psychiatric Problems on Clinical Outcomes during the First 12 Months after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a useful treatment option for advanced knee osteoarthritis. Excellent clinical outcomes after TKA have been widely recognized, but the influence of psychiatric problems on them has not been focused on until quite recently. This study aimed to assess the influence of psychiatric problems on clinical outcomes after TKA in Japanese patients using two assessment scales developed in Japan because the Japanese cultural lifestyle is specifically characterized by bending to the floor and standing up. Methods: Clinical outcomes and psychiatric problems were evaluated using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) and Brief Scale for Psychiatric Problems in Orthopaedic Patients (BS-POP), respectively. A total of 115 TKA patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after TKA. The patients were classified into four groups (groups A-D) based on the BS-POP score. The JKOM scores were then compared between the two groups (groups A and D) with the worst and least psychiatric problems. The JKOM improvement rate between pre- and postoperative status in both groups A and D was also calculated. Results: The total JKOM score was significantly poorer in group A than in group D preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after TKA. The improvement rate showed no significant difference between groups A and D. Conclusion: Psychiatric problems influence both the poorer post- and preoperative clinical outcomes. However, a similar improvement rate in both groups A and D has indicated that TKA can be an effective treatment even for patients with psychiatric problems.

Effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty

Objective To investigate the effect of gender differences in distal femoral geometry on the clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods From March 2003 to October 2006,213 cases with 294 osteoarthritic knees who

The impact of operative timing on clinical outcomes in elderly hip fracture

Objective To study the effect of operative timing on clinical outcomes in elderly hip fracture.Methods Two hundred sixty-seven patients with hip fracture were treated from July 2006 to May 2008.The patients who had an operation within