Pressure stimulated current in progressive failure process of combined coal-rock under uniaxial compression:Response and mechanism

Effective monitoring of the structural health of combined coal-rock under complex geological conditions by pressure stimulated currents(PSCs)has great potential for the understanding of dynamic disasters in underground engineering.To reveal the effect of this way,the uniaxial compression experiments with PSC monitoring were conducted on three types of coal-rock combination samples with different strength combinations.The mechanism explanation of PSCs are investigated by resistivity test,atomic force microscopy(AFM)and computed tomography(CT)methods,and a PSC flow model based on progressive failure process is proposed.The influence of strength combinations on PSCs in the progressive failure process are emphasized.The results show the PSC responses between rock part,coal part and the two components are different,which are affected by multi-scale fracture characteristics and electrical properties.As the rock strength decreases,the progressive failure process changes obviously with the influence range of interface constraint effect decreasing,resulting in the different responses of PSC strength and direction in different parts to fracture behaviors.The PSC flow model is initially validated by the relationship between the accumulated charges of different parts.The results are expected to provide a new reference and method for mining design and roadway quality assessment.

Coal-rock gas:Concept,connotation and classification criteria

In recent years,great breakthroughs have been made in the exploration and development of natural gas in deep coal-rock reservoirs in Junggar,Ordos and other basins in China.In view of the inconsistency between the industrial and academic circles on this new type of unconventional natural gas,this paper defines the concept of"coal-rock gas"on the basis of previous studies,and systematically analyzes its characteristics of occurrence state,transport and storage form,differential accumulation,and development law.Coal-rock gas,geologically unlike coalbed methane in the traditional sense,occurs in both free and adsorbed states,with free state in abundance.It is generated and stored in the same set of rocks through short distance migration,occasionally with the accumulation from other sources.Moreover,coal rock develops cleat fractures,and the free gas accumulates differentially.The coal-rock gas reservoirs deeper than 2000 m are high in pressure,temperature,gas content,gas saturation,and free-gas content.In terms of development,similar to shale gas and tight gas,coal-rock gas can be exploited by natural formation energy after the reservoirs connectivity is improved artificially,that is,the adsorbed gas is desorbed due to pressure drop after the high-potential free gas is recovered,so that the free gas and adsorbed gas are produced in succession for a long term without water drainage for pressure drop.According to buried depth,coal rank,pressure coefficient,reserves scale,reserves abundance and gas well production,the classification criteria and reserves/resources estimation method of coal-rock gas are presented.It is preliminarily estimated that the coal-rock gas in place deeper than 2000 m in China exceeds 30×10^(12)m^(3),indicating an important strategic resource for the country.The Ordos,Sichuan,Junggar and Bohai Bay basins are favorable areas for large-scale enrichment of coal-rock gas.The paper summarizes the technical and management challenges and points out the research directions,laying a foundation for the management,exploration,and development of coal-rock gas in China.

Experimental and numerical simulation of loading rate effects on failure and strain energy characteristics of coal-rock composite samples

The deformation and failure of coal and rock is energy-driving results according to thermodynamics.It is important to study the strain energy characteristics of coal-rock composite samples to better understand the deformation and failure mechanism of of coal-rock composite structures.In this research,laboratory tests and numerical simulation of uniaxial compressions of coal-rock composite samples were carried out with five different loading rates.The test results show that strength,deformation,acoustic emission(AE)and energy evolution of coal-rock composite sample all have obvious loading rate effects.The uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus increase with the increase of loading rate.And with the increase of loading rate,the AE energy at the peak strength of coal-rock composites increases first,then decreases,and then increases.With the increase of loading rate,the AE cumulative count first decreases and then increases.And the total absorption energy and dissipation energy of coal-rock composite samples show non-linear increasing trends,while release elastic strain energy increases first and then decreases.The laboratory experiments conducted on coal-rock composite samples were simulated numerically using the particle flow code(PFC).With careful selection of suitable material constitutive models for coal and rock,and accurate estimation and calibration of mechanical parameters of coal-rock composite sample,it was possible to obtain a good agreement between the laboratory experimental and numerical results.This research can provide references for understanding failure of underground coalrock composite structure by using energy related measuring methods.

STUDY ON THE COAL-ROCK INTERFACE RECOGNITION METHOD BASED ON MULTI-SENSOR DATA FUSION TECHNIQUE

The coal-rock interface recognition method based on multi-sensor data fusiontechnique is put forward because of the localization of single type sensor recognition method. Themeasuring theory based on multi-sensor data fusion technique is analyzed, and hereby the testplatform of recognition system is manufactured. The advantage of data fusion with the fuzzy neuralnetwork (FNN) technique has been probed. The two-level FNN is constructed and data fusion is carriedout. The experiments show that in various conditions the method can always acquire a much higherrecognition rate than normal ones.

Deformation analysis of transversely isotropic coal-rock mass with porous and cracks

Coal-rock as a typical sedimentary rock has obvious stratification,namely it has transversely isotropic feature.Meanwhile,deformation leads to coal-rock mass having the characteristics of different porous and crack structures as well as local anisotropy.Equivalent axial and circumferential strain' formulas of the pure coal-rock mass specimen with a single crack were derived through the establishment of equivalent mechanical model of standard cylindrical coal-rock specimen,and have been widely used to a variety of media combined different structures containing multiple cracks.The complete stress strain curve of a real coal-rock specimen was obtained by the CTC test.Additionally,according to the comparison with the theoretical value,the theoretical mechanical model could well explain the deformation characteristics of coal-rock mass and verify its validity.Further,following features were analyzed:strain normalized coefficient and elastic modulus(Poisson's ratio) in vertical and parallel direction to the stratification,stratification angle,porosity,pore radius,normal and tangential stiffness of crack,and the relationship of different crack width with different tangential stiffness of crack.Through the analysis above,it substantiate this claim that the theoretical model with better reliability reflects the transversely isotropic nature of the coal-rock and the local anisotropy caused by the porous and cracks.

Experimental and numerical study of coal-rock bimaterial composite bodies under triaxial compression

To accurately predict coal burst hazards and estimate the failure of coal pillars in underground coal mining systems,it is of great significance to understand the mechanical behavior of coal-rock bimaterial composite structures.This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the response of rock-coal,coal-rock,and rock-coal-rock bimaterial composite structures under triaxial compression.The triaxial compression experiments are conducted under confining pressures in the range of 0-20 MPa.The resulting inside fracture networks are detected using X-ray-based computed tomography(CT).The experimentally observed data indicate that the mechanical parameters of the rock-coalrock composites are superior to those of the rock-coal and coal-rock combinations.After compression failure,the coal-rock combination specimens are analyzed via X-ray CT.The results display that the failure of the coal-rock composite bodies primarily takes place within the coal.Further,the bursting proneness is reduced by increasing confining pressure.Subsequently,the corresponding numerical simulations of the experiments are carried out by using the particle flow code.The numerical results reveal that coal is vulnerable with regard to energy storage and accumulation.

Similarity model tests of movement and deformation of coal-rock mass below stopes

For a study of the movement and deformation of coal-rock mass and low protected seams below a stope,as well as for fracture developments and rules of evolution of permeability,we designed a plane strain model test stand to carry out model tests of similar materials in order to improve the effect of gas drainage from low protected seams and to measure the movement and deformation of coal-rock mass using a method of non-contact close-range photogrammetry.Our results show that 1) using paraffin melting to take the place of coal seam mining can satisfy the mining conditions of a protective seam;2) coal-rock mass under goafs has an upward movement after the protective seam has been mined,causing floor heaving;3) low protected seams become swollen and deformed,providing a good pressure-relief effect and causing the coal-rock mass under both sides of coal pillars to become deformed by compression and 4) the evolution of permeability of low protected seams follows the way of initial values→a slight decrease→a great increase→stability→final decrease.Simultaneously,the coefficient of air permeability increased at a decreasing rate with an increase in interlayer spacing.

Test study on rupture process and permeability properties of coal-rock in simulating mining stress effect

A test system was designed by using a set of self-made experimental devicesof coupled coal-gas in simulating mining stress effect, combining the equipment withRMT-150B rock mechanical experimental system, monitoring the rupture process ofcoal-rock with an acoustic emission (AE) device and collecting gas-flow rate andgas-stress data in real-time automatically with a gas flow-meter and gas pressure sensor.The fracture process and permeability properties test of the coal-rock in mining stress effect was carried out. Test results indicate that AE events and variation of stresses have thesame variance tendency and the rupture process of coal-rock can be monitored by AE.The relation curves among stresses, parameters of AE and permeability properties demonstrate that the permeability of coal-rock decreases gradually at quasi-elastic stage, increases gradually at plastic damage micro-fracture stage, rises suddenly near the peakpoint and has multi-variation at post-peak slip stage. From the results, such conclusioncan be drawn that the variation of permeability can be monitored by AE parameters orstress change.

Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Hydrofracture Crack Propagation in Coal-Rock Bed

In underground coal mines,hydrofracture can cause the increase of breathability in the fractured coal bed.When the hydrofracture crack propagates to the interface between the coal bed and the roof-floor stratum,the crack may enter roof-floor lithology,thus posing a limit on the scope of breathability increase and making it difficult to support the roof and floor board for subsequent coal mining.In this work,a two-dimensional model of coal rock bed that contains hydrofracture crack was constructed.Then an investigation that combines the fracture mechanics and the system of flow and solid in rock failure process analysis(RFPA2D-Flow)were carried out to study the failure mechanism at the interface between rocks and coals,and critical water pressure that hydrofracture crack propagates.The results indicated that the main factors that affect the direction of hydrofracture crack propagation are the angle of intersection between coal-rock interface and horizontal section,horizontal crustal stress difference,tension-shear mixed crack fracture toughness in coal-rock interface and differences in elasticity modulus of coal-rock bed.The possibility of crack directly entering coal-rock interface would increase with the increase in angle of intersection or horizontal crustal stress difference.The trend that crack propagates along the coal-rock interface will become stronger with the decrease of the fracture toughness at the coal-rock interface and the increase of the elasticity modulus difference between the coal bed and the roof strata.The results of this study was to put forward a method of controlling hydrofracture crack,optimize the fracturing well location provides a certain theoretical basis.

Numerical simulation on pressure-relief deformation characteristics of underlying coal-rock mass after upper protective layer excavation

Based on the occurrence features of Group B coal-seams at a coal mine in the Huainan coal mining area, the elasto-plastic mechanical damage constitutive functions and numerical model for the protective layer excavation were established. With the UDEC2D computer program, after the upper protective layer was mined, the stress field change trends, crack development, and expansion deformation trends of underlying coal rock seams in the floor of the working face were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show the stress changes in coal rock seams, the evolution process of pre-cracks during the process of upper protective layer mining, the caved zone and fractured zone of the underlying coal rock seams. At the same time, the results from the actual investigation and analysis of protected layer deformation match the simulation values, which verifies the validity and accuracy of numerical simulation results. The study results have an important guiding significance for gas management in low permeability and high gas coal seams with similar mining conditions.

Damage Model of Brittle Coal-Rock and Damage Energy Index of Rock Burst

Based on the mechanical experiment of brittle coal-rock and the damage mechanical theory, a damage model was established. Coal-Rock damage mechanical characteristic was researched. Furthermore, interior energy transformation mechanism of rock was analyzed from the point of view of damage mechanics and damage energy release rate of brittle coal rock was derived. By analyzing the energy transformation of rock burst, a new conception, damage energy index of rock burst, was put forward. The condition of rock burst was also established.

Failure behavior of a rock-coal-rock combined body with a weak coal interlayer

Using an MTS 815 testing machine,the deformation and failure behavior of a rock-coal-rock combined body containing a weak coal interlayer has been investigated and described in this paper.Uniaxial loading leads to the appearance of mixed cracks in the coal body which induce instability and lead to bursts in coal.If the mixed crack propagates at a sufficiently high speed to carry enough energy to damage the roof rock,then coal and rock bursts may occur-this is the main mechanism whereby coal bumps or coal and rock bursts occur after excavation unloading.With increasing confining pressure,the failure strength of a rock-coal-rock combined body gradually increases,and the failure mechanism of the coal interlayer also changes,from mixed crack damage under low confining pressures,to parallel crack damage under medium confining pressures,and finally to single shear crack damage or integral mixed section damage under high confining pressures.In general,it is shown that a weak coal interlayer changes the form of overall coal damage in a rock-coal-rock combined body and reduces the overall stability of a coal body.Therefore,the whole failure behavior of a rock-coal-rock combined body in large cutting height working faces is controlled by these mechanisms.

Enrichment conditions and resource potential of coal-rock gas in Ordos Basin,NW China

To reveal the enrichment conditions and resource potential of coal-rock gas in the Ordos Basin,this paper presents a systematic research on the sedimentary environment,distribution,physical properties,reservoir characteristics,gas-bearing characteristics and gas accumulation play of deep coals.The results show that thick coals are widely distributed in the Carboniferous–Permian of the Ordos Basin.The main coal seams Carboniferous 5~#and Permian 8~#in the Carboniferous–Permian have strong hydrocarbon generation capacity and high thermal evolution degree,which provide abundant materials for the formation of coal-rock gas.Deep coal reservoirs have good physical properties,especially porosity and permeability.Coal seams Carboniferous 5~#and Permian 8~#exhibit the average porosity of 4.1%and 6.4%,and the average permeability of 8.7×10^(-3)μm^(2)and 15.7×10^(-3)μm^(2),respectively.Cleats and fissures are developed in the coals,and together with the micropores,constitute the main storage space.With the increase of evolution degree,the micropore volume tends to increase.The development degree of cleats and fissures has a great impact on permeability.The coal reservoirs and their industrial compositions exhibit significantly heterogeneous distribution in the vertical direction.The bright coal seam,which is in the middle and upper section,less affected by ash filling compared with the lower section,and contains well-developed pores and fissures,is a high-quality reservoir interval.The deep coals present good gas-bearing characteristics in Ordos Basin,with the gas content of 7.5–20.0 m^(3)/t,and the proportion of free gas(greater than 10%,mostly 11.0%–55.1%)in coal-rock gas significantly higher than that in shallow coals.The enrichment degree of free gas in deep coals is controlled by the number of macropores and microfractures.The coal rock pressure testing shows that the coal-limestone and coal-mudstone combinations for gas accumulation have good sealing capacity,and the mudstone/limestone(roof)-coal-mudstone(floor)combination generally indicates high coal-rock gas values.The coal-rock gas resources in the Ordos Basin were preliminarily estimated by the volume method to be 22.38×10^(12)m^(3),and the main coal-rock gas prospects in the Ordos Basin were defined.In the central-east of the Ordos Basin,Wushenqi,Hengshan-Suide,Yan'an,Zichang,and Yichuan are coal-rock gas prospects for the coal seam#8 of the Benxi Formation,and Linxian West,Mizhi,Yichuan-Huangling,Yulin,and Wushenqi-Hengshan are coal-rock gas prospects for the coal seam#5 of the Shanxi Formation,which are expected to become new areas for increased gas reserves and production.

Image-based numerical study of three-dimensional meso-structure effects on damage and failure of heterogeneous coal-rock under dynamic impact loads

This paper proposes a numerical three-dimensional(3D)mesoscopic approach based on the discrete element method combined with X-ray computed tomography(XCT)images to characterize the dynamic impact behavior of heterogeneous coal-rock(HCR).The dynamic impact loading in three directions was modelled to investigate the effects of the 3D meso-structure on the failure patterns and fracture mechanism,with different impact velocities.The XCT image-based discrete element model of HCR was calibrated through appropriate standard uniaxial compression tests.Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate how the breakage behaviors are affected by different loading directions with different impact velocities.The loading direction,input energy,and spatial distribution of the mineral phase had a remarkable influence on the failure patterns and load-carrying capacities.The shape of the gangue phase and the approximate location of the gangue interfaces are key parameters to consider when investigating the failure patterns and fracture mechanism of heterogeneous rock materials.The damage and fracture tended to propagate from the surfaces to the HCR interior.The gangue phase area contacting the loading wall,growth direction of the strong gangue interfaces,and loading directions greatly influenced the failure patterns of the heterogeneous rock materials.

Influence of cyclic dynamic disturbance on damage evolution and zoning effect of coal-rock under local static load constraint

In order to obtain the characteristics of the effects of cyclic impact loading on the damage of coal-rock in the presence of a local static load constraint,the evolution of the damage factor and the fracture rate during the process and incremental cyclic impact on raw coal and briquettes has been studied.Experimental results show that the presence of local static load restraint improves the impact resistance of the coal-rock,and the damage factor of the coal-rock shows obvious zoning characteristics.When the coal-rock is in an elastic state,the partition with a larger static load restraint area has stronger impact resistance,when the coal-rock is in a plastic state,the partition with a larger static load restraint area has a weaker impact resistance.Increasing impulsive cyclic impacts have a higher damage efficiency to coal-rock than constant impulsive cyclic impacts.The difference in rock breaking efficiency between the two cyclic impact methods is mainly reflected in the partition with the largest constrained area.The crack propagation on the coal-rock surface is more consistent with the partition characteristics of the damage factor.When the static load constrained zone is in an elastic state,the static load has an inhibitory effect on the crack growth.When the static load confinement zone is in a plastic state,the cracks mainly propagate in the static load confinement zone,and the constrained zone mainly consists of tensile cracks that grow in the vertical direction,while the cracks in the non-constrained zone mainly grow in an oblique direction.Finally,fracture mechanics was applied to analyze the failure type of the sample.

鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组煤岩气地质特征与勘探突破

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系本溪组煤岩分布、煤岩储层特征、煤质特征、煤岩气特征以及煤岩气资源和富集规律等方面开展系统研究,评价其勘探潜力。研究表明:①煤岩气是有别于煤层气的优质天然气资源,在埋深、气源、储层、含气性、碳同位素组成等方面具有独特特征;②本溪组煤岩分布面积达16×10^(4)km^(2),厚度2~25m,以原生结构的光亮和半亮煤为主,挥发分和灰分含量低,煤质好;③中高阶煤岩TOC值为33.49%~86.11%,平均值为75.16%,演化程度高(Ro为1.2%~2.8%),生气能力强,气体稳定碳同位素值高(δ^(13)C_(1)值为-37.6‰~-16.0‰,δ^(13)C_(2)值为-21.7‰~-14.3‰);④深层煤岩发育气孔、有机质孔和无机矿物孔等基质孔隙,与割理、裂缝共同构成良好储集空间,储层孔隙度为0.54%~10.67%,平均值为5.42%,渗透率为(0.001~14.600)×10^(-3)μm^(2),平均值为2.32×10^(-3)μm^(2);⑤纵向上发育5种煤岩气聚散组合,其中煤岩-泥岩聚气组合与煤岩-灰岩聚气组合最为重要,封闭条件好,录井全烃气测峰值高;⑥构建了广覆式分布的中高阶煤岩持续生气、煤岩基质孔和割理裂缝规模储集、源-储一体赋存、致密岩盖层密闭封堵的煤岩气富集模式,存在煤岩侧向尖灭体、透镜体、低幅度构造、鼻状构造和岩性自封闭5种高效聚气类型。⑦依据煤岩气地质特征评价划分出8个区带,估算埋深超过2000m的煤岩气资源量超过12.33×10^(12)m^(3)。上述认识指导风险勘探部署,两口井实施后分别获得工业气流,推动进一步部署预探井和评价井,获得规模突破,提交超万亿方预测储量和超千亿方探明储量,对中国天然气效益增储和高效开发具有重大意义。

煤岩气:概念、内涵与分类标准

近年来,准噶尔、鄂尔多斯等盆地深层煤岩储层中的天然气勘探开发取得重大突破。针对目前工业界和学术界对这种新类型非常规天然气表述不一致的现状,在前人研究的基础上定义了“煤岩气”概念,并系统对比剖析其赋存状态、运储形式、差异聚集和开发规律。在地质上,煤岩气不同于传统意义上的煤层气,具有游离气与吸附气并存、富含游离气,自生自储-微距运移并可有他源的聚集,煤岩割理裂缝发育、游离气差异富集等特点,埋深超过2000m的深层煤岩气具有“高压力、高温度、高含气、高饱和、高游离”的“5高”地质特征;在开发上,与页岩气、致密气特征相似,人工改善储层连通性后,无需排水降压,高势能游离气弹性驱动产出、压降后吸附气解吸接替,可依靠地层自然能量开采,游离气与吸附气连续接力长周期产气。按照埋深、煤阶、压力系数、储量规模、储量丰度和气井产量等,提出了煤岩气的分类标准和资源/储量估算方法。初步估算埋深超过2 000 m的中国煤岩气地质资源量超过30×1012m3,是国家重要的战略资源。提出鄂尔多斯、四川、准噶尔和渤海湾等盆地是煤岩气的规模富集有利区,梳理了技术与管理挑战并指出攻关方向,为中国煤岩气管理与勘探开发奠定理论、评价和生产实践基础。

不同粗糙度煤岩界面超低摩擦效应与声发射特征试验研究

为了揭示动载扰动作用下煤岩界面粗糙度对超低摩擦型冲击地压影响机制,采用自行研制的煤岩界面超低摩擦试验装置,以沈阳红阳三矿1082 m采深煤岩体为研究对象,通过改变煤块与砂岩块体表面粗糙度来模拟煤岩界面不同粗糙特性,以粗糙度系数表征煤岩界面粗糙程度,工作块体水平位移表征冲击过程中超低摩擦效应强度,声发射能量为工作块体摩擦滑动过程中的信号参数,进行应力波扰动下不同粗糙度煤岩界面超低摩擦试验.研究结果表明:(1)超低摩擦滑动过程中,工作块体水平位移、声发射能量计数以及累计能量曲线呈现出孕育阶段、激发阶段、稳定阶段变化特征;(2)煤岩界面粗糙度越小,工作块体水平位移和声发射能量峰值越大,煤岩界面越易发生超低摩擦效应;(3)不同煤岩界面粗糙度下,相比于其他扰动频率, 2 Hz时更易发生超低摩擦效应;(4)给出了声发射能量峰值与煤岩界面粗糙度系数对应关系.声发射能量峰值可以有效表征超低摩擦效应强度,可以用声发射能量峰值预测超低摩擦效应强度.

基于改进U-net的少样本煤岩界面图像分割方法

煤岩图像语义分割技术是煤岩界面识别的重要研究方向,现有的语义分割模型通常依赖于大样本数据集进行训练,然而目前已标注的煤岩图像数据样本难以获取,并且缺乏公开数据集。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于改进U-net模型的样本煤岩界面图像分割模型。将裁剪后具有更强特征提取能力且结构上更为简单的VGG16替换U-net的原始骨干特征提取网络,提升对图像信息的特征提取能力并获得更快的训练速度,在U-net网络的跳跃连接和解码器上采样部分引入注意力机制模块,对提取的特征层进行处理,提升模型对煤岩界面图像关键特征的提取能力,提高分割精度。使用迁移学习方法对改进的模型进行预训练,提高模型泛化能力同时避免过拟合,使模型更适用于小样本数据集训练。通过使用自制的煤岩界面数据集对所改进的网络模型性能进行验证,并将该模型与经典Unet、DeepLabv3+、PspNet、HrNet网络模型进行了对比。试验结果表明:在同样使用由125幅煤岩界面图片构建的小样本数据集进行训练的情况下,所提改进模型相较于经典U-net模型在分割精确度和检测效率方面都有显著提升,模型精确度提高了1.84%,平均交并比提高了5.34%,类别平均像素准确率提高了0.48%,检测速度增幅为5.3%。同时,与其他网络模型相比,所提改进模型在小样本煤岩界面图像的语义分割中优势显著,表明所提改进思路的有效性。

煤巷掘进过程中煤岩破裂微震事件研究

目的为了监测和预警煤矿掘进巷道前方可能发生的危险,方法利用微震监测技术实时监测,利用监测系统捕获到的数据信息研究掘进影响下微震事件的空间分布规律、发生时间、频次和能量关键点,然后利用短时傅里叶变换和S变换方法分析典型煤岩破裂微震信号的时频特征。结果结果表明:(1)微震事件主要分布在沿掘进巷道前方50~100 m区域,大多为中低能量微震事件,仅在掘进工作面前方出现少量强度较大的煤岩破裂事件,且震级多为-2~0;(2)掘进速度和发生微震事件的数量及能量大小成正相关,同时掘进速度也影响着煤岩动力灾害的发生;(3)巷道掘进会造成煤岩体失稳,其中岩体破裂信号频率高,为0~2000 Hz,比重值大,主频约700 Hz;煤岩破裂微震事件信号频率为90~1000 Hz,主频约250 Hz;岩体破裂后,支撑力下降,压力转移给煤体,导致煤体破裂,煤体破裂微震事件信号频率为90~1000 Hz,主频约350 Hz。结论微震事件能够综合反映煤岩体受力破坏程度,判别掘进过程中煤岩破裂类型,为矿井生产中煤岩动力灾害的预警提供理论基础。