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Efficient unequal error protection for online fountain codes 被引量:1
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作者 SHI Pengcheng WANG Zhenyong +1 位作者 LI Dezhi LYU Haibo 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期286-293,共8页
In this paper,an efficient unequal error protection(UEP)scheme for online fountain codes is proposed.In the buildup phase,the traversing-selection strategy is proposed to select the most important symbols(MIS).Then,in... In this paper,an efficient unequal error protection(UEP)scheme for online fountain codes is proposed.In the buildup phase,the traversing-selection strategy is proposed to select the most important symbols(MIS).Then,in the completion phase,the weighted-selection strategy is applied to provide low overhead.The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed and compared with the existing UEP online fountain scheme.Simulation results show that in terms of MIS and the least important symbols(LIS),when the bit error ratio is 10-4,the proposed scheme can achieve 85%and 31.58%overhead reduction,respectively. 展开更多
关键词 online fountain code random graph unequal error protection(UEP) rateless code
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Improved Belief Propagation Decoder for LDPC-CRC-Polar Codes with Bit-Freezing
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作者 Qasim Jan Yin Chao +3 位作者 Pan Zhiwen Muhammad Furqan Zakir Ali You Xiaohu 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第7期135-148,共14页
Though belief propagation bit-flip(BPBF)decoding improves the error correction performance of polar codes,it uses the exhaustive flips method to achieve the error correction performance of CA-SCL decoding,thus resulti... Though belief propagation bit-flip(BPBF)decoding improves the error correction performance of polar codes,it uses the exhaustive flips method to achieve the error correction performance of CA-SCL decoding,thus resulting in high decoding complexity and latency.To alleviate this issue,we incorporate the LDPC-CRC-Polar coding scheme with BPBF and propose an improved belief propagation decoder for LDPC-CRC-Polar codes with bit-freezing(LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz).The proposed LDPCCRC-Polar codes BPBFz employs the LDPC code to ensure the reliability of the flipping set,i.e.,critical set(CS),and dynamically update it.The modified CS is further utilized for the identification of error-prone bits.The proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz obtains remarkable error correction performance and is comparable to that of the CA-SCL(L=16)decoder under medium-to-high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)regions.It gains up to 1.2dB and 0.9dB at a fixed BLER=10-4compared with BP and BPBF(CS-1),respectively.In addition,the proposed LDPC-CRC-Polar codes BPBFz has lower decoding latency compared with CA-SCL and BPBF,i.e.,it is 15 times faster than CA-SCL(L=16)at high SNR regions. 展开更多
关键词 belief propagation bit-flipping concatenated codes LDPC-CRC-Polar codes polar codes
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Doped low-density parity-check codes
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作者 Yong Li Rui Liu +3 位作者 Xianlong Jiao Youqiang Hu Zhen Luo Francis C.M.Lau 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期217-226,共10页
In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)codes.The doping component is a short block code in which the information bits are selected from the coded bits of t... In this paper,we propose a doping approach to lower the error floor of Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)codes.The doping component is a short block code in which the information bits are selected from the coded bits of the dominant trapping sets of the LDPC code.Accordingly,an algorithm for selecting the information bits of the short code is proposed,and a specific two-stage decoding algorithm is presented.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed doped LDPC code achieves up to 2.0 dB gain compared with the original LDPC code at a frame error rate of 10^(-6)Furthermore,the proposed design can lower the error floor of original LDPC Codes. 展开更多
关键词 LDPC codes Doped LDPC codes Tanner graph Quadratic residue codes Trapping sets
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Application of maximum rank distance codes in designing of STBC-OFDM system for next-generation wireless communications
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作者 Arslan Khalid Prapun Suksompong 《Digital Communications and Networks》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期1048-1056,共9页
Space-Time Block Coded(STBC)Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)satisfies higher data-rate requirements while maintaining signal quality in a multipath fading channel.However,conventional STBCs,including O... Space-Time Block Coded(STBC)Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)satisfies higher data-rate requirements while maintaining signal quality in a multipath fading channel.However,conventional STBCs,including Orthogonal STBCs(OSTBCs),Non-Orthogonal(NOSTBCs),and Quasi-Orthogonal STBCs(QOSTBCs),do not provide both maximal diversity order and unity code rate simultaneously for more than two transmit antennas.This paper targets this problem and applies Maximum Rank Distance(MRD)codes in designing STBCOFDM systems.By following the direct-matrix construction method,we can construct binary extended finite field MRD-STBCs for any number of transmitting antennas.Work uses MRD-STBCs built over Phase-Shift Keying(PSK)modulation to develop an MRD-based STBC-OFDM system.The MRD-based STBC-OFDM system sacrifices minor error performance compared to traditional OSTBC-OFDM but shows improved results against NOSTBC and QOSTBC-OFDM.It also provides 25%higher data-rates than OSTBC-OFDM in configurations that use more than two transmit antennas.The tradeoffs are minor increases in computational complexity and processing delays. 展开更多
关键词 Bit error rate(BER) Galois field Maximum rank distance(MRD)codes Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) Primitive polynomials Space-time block codes(STBC)
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Blind Recognition of Non-Binary LDPC Codes Based on Ant Colony Optimization
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作者 Guan Mengsheng Gao Wanting +2 位作者 Chen Qi Zhu Min Bai Baoming 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第10期59-69,共11页
This paper introduces a novel blind recognition of non-binary low-density parity-check(LDPC)codes without a candidate set,using ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channels.Sp... This paper introduces a novel blind recognition of non-binary low-density parity-check(LDPC)codes without a candidate set,using ant colony optimization(ACO)algorithm over additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN)channels.Specifically,the scheme that effectively combines the ACO algorithm and the non-binary elements over finite fields is proposed.Furthermore,an improved,simplified elitist ACO algorithm based on soft decision reliability is introduced to recognize the parity-check matrix over noisy channels.Simulation results show that the recognition rate continuously increases with an increased signalto-noise ratio(SNR)over the AWGN channel. 展开更多
关键词 ACO blind recognition non-binary LDPC codes open-set
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Quantized Decoders that Maximize Mutual Information for Polar Codes
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作者 Zhu Hongfei Cao Zhiwei +1 位作者 Zhao Yuping Li Dou 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第7期125-134,共10页
In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete mem... In this paper,we innovatively associate the mutual information with the frame error rate(FER)performance and propose novel quantized decoders for polar codes.Based on the optimal quantizer of binary-input discrete memoryless channels(BDMCs),the proposed decoders quantize the virtual subchannels of polar codes to maximize mutual information(MMI)between source bits and quantized symbols.The nested structure of polar codes ensures that the MMI quantization can be implemented stage by stage.Simulation results show that the proposed MMI decoders with 4 quantization bits outperform the existing nonuniform quantized decoders that minimize mean-squared error(MMSE)with 4 quantization bits,and yield even better performance than uniform MMI quantized decoders with 5 quantization bits.Furthermore,the proposed 5-bit quantized MMI decoders approach the floating-point decoders with negligible performance loss. 展开更多
关键词 maximize mutual information polar codes QUANTIZATION successive cancellation decoding
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A free monoid containing all prefix codes
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作者 CAO Chun-hua LIU Qin YANG Di 《Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期596-603,共8页
In this paper,we exhibit a free monoid containing all prefix codes in connection with the sets of i-th powers of primitive words for all i≥2.This extends two results given by Shyr and Tsai in 1998 at the same time.
关键词 prefix code free monoid primitive word maximal prefix code
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Improved Segmented Belief Propagation List Decoding for Polar Codes with Bit-Flipping
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作者 Mao Yinyou Yang Dong +1 位作者 Liu Xingcheng Zou En 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期19-36,共18页
Belief propagation list(BPL) decoding for polar codes has attracted more attention due to its inherent parallel nature. However, a large gap still exists with CRC-aided SCL(CA-SCL) decoding.In this work, an improved s... Belief propagation list(BPL) decoding for polar codes has attracted more attention due to its inherent parallel nature. However, a large gap still exists with CRC-aided SCL(CA-SCL) decoding.In this work, an improved segmented belief propagation list decoding based on bit flipping(SBPL-BF) is proposed. On the one hand, the proposed algorithm makes use of the cooperative characteristic in BPL decoding such that the codeword is decoded in different BP decoders. Based on this characteristic, the unreliable bits for flipping could be split into multiple subblocks and could be flipped in different decoders simultaneously. On the other hand, a more flexible and effective processing strategy for the priori information of the unfrozen bits that do not need to be flipped is designed to improve the decoding convergence. In addition, this is the first proposal in BPL decoding which jointly optimizes the bit flipping of the information bits and the code bits. In particular, for bit flipping of the code bits, a H-matrix aided bit-flipping algorithm is designed to enhance the accuracy in identifying erroneous code bits. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the errorcorrection performance of BPL decoding for medium and long codes. It is more than 0.25 d B better than the state-of-the-art BPL decoding at a block error rate(BLER) of 10^(-5), and outperforms CA-SCL decoding in the low signal-to-noise(SNR) region for(1024, 0.5)polar codes. 展开更多
关键词 belief propagation list(BPL)decoding bit-flipping polar codes segmented CRC
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Decoding topological XYZ^(2) codes with reinforcement learning based on attention mechanisms
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作者 陈庆辉 姬宇欣 +2 位作者 王柯涵 马鸿洋 纪乃华 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期262-270,共9页
Quantum error correction, a technique that relies on the principle of redundancy to encode logical information into additional qubits to better protect the system from noise, is necessary to design a viable quantum co... Quantum error correction, a technique that relies on the principle of redundancy to encode logical information into additional qubits to better protect the system from noise, is necessary to design a viable quantum computer. For this new topological stabilizer code-XYZ^(2) code defined on the cellular lattice, it is implemented on a hexagonal lattice of qubits and it encodes the logical qubits with the help of stabilizer measurements of weight six and weight two. However topological stabilizer codes in cellular lattice quantum systems suffer from the detrimental effects of noise due to interaction with the environment. Several decoding approaches have been proposed to address this problem. Here, we propose the use of a state-attention based reinforcement learning decoder to decode XYZ^(2) codes, which enables the decoder to more accurately focus on the information related to the current decoding position, and the error correction accuracy of our reinforcement learning decoder model under the optimisation conditions can reach 83.27% under the depolarizing noise model, and we have measured thresholds of 0.18856 and 0.19043 for XYZ^(2) codes at code spacing of 3–7 and 7–11, respectively. our study provides directions and ideas for applications of decoding schemes combining reinforcement learning attention mechanisms to other topological quantum error-correcting codes. 展开更多
关键词 quantum error correction topological quantum stabilizer code reinforcement learning attention mechanism
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Recurrent neural network decoding of rotated surface codes based on distributed strategy
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作者 李帆 李熬庆 +1 位作者 甘启迪 马鸿洋 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期322-330,共9页
Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for realizing quantum computers.These computers achieve faulttolerant quantum computing by detecting and correcting errors using decoding algorithms.Quantum error corre... Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for realizing quantum computers.These computers achieve faulttolerant quantum computing by detecting and correcting errors using decoding algorithms.Quantum error correction using neural network-based machine learning methods is a promising approach that is adapted to physical systems without the need to build noise models.In this paper,we use a distributed decoding strategy,which effectively alleviates the problem of exponential growth of the training set required for neural networks as the code distance of quantum error-correcting codes increases.Our decoding algorithm is based on renormalization group decoding and recurrent neural network decoder.The recurrent neural network is trained through the ResNet architecture to improve its decoding accuracy.Then we test the decoding performance of our distributed strategy decoder,recurrent neural network decoder,and the classic minimum weight perfect matching(MWPM)decoder for rotated surface codes with different code distances under the circuit noise model,the thresholds of these three decoders are about 0.0052,0.0051,and 0.0049,respectively.Our results demonstrate that the distributed strategy decoder outperforms the other two decoders,achieving approximately a 5%improvement in decoding efficiency compared to the MWPM decoder and approximately a 2%improvement compared to the recurrent neural network decoder. 展开更多
关键词 quantum error correction rotated surface code recurrent neural network distributed strategy
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Polar codes based OFDM-PLC systems in the presence of impulsive noise
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作者 周玉 LI Yue +4 位作者 ZHAO Shuangshuang GAO Fan ZHOU Chao MU Zhuowen CHEN Rui 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2024年第2期188-198,共11页
Power line communication(PLC)has the potential to become the preferred technique for providing broadband communication to homes and offices with advantage of eliminating the need for new wiring infrastructure and redu... Power line communication(PLC)has the potential to become the preferred technique for providing broadband communication to homes and offices with advantage of eliminating the need for new wiring infrastructure and reducing the cost.But it suffers from the impulsive noise because it introduces significant time variance into the power line channel.In this paper,a polar codes based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)PLC system is proposed to deal with the impulsive noise and thereby improve the transmission performance.Firstly,the impulsive noise is modelled with a multi-damped sine function by analyzing the time behavior of impulse events.Then the polar codes are used to combat the impulsive noise of PLC channel,and a low complexity bit-flipping decoding method based on CRC-aided successive cancellation list(CA-SCL)decoding algorithm is proposed.Simulations evaluate the proposed decoding algorithm and the results validate the suggested polar codes based OFDM-PLC scheme which can improve the BER performance of PLC with impulsive interference. 展开更多
关键词 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) polar code impulsivenoise power line communication(PLC) bit-flipping
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Several Classes of Two-weight or Three-weight Linear Codes and Their Applications
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作者 Shen Hongyan Liu Haibo 《数学理论与应用》 2024年第3期25-49,共25页
Recently,linear codes with a few weights have been extensively studied due to their applications in secret sharing schemes,constant composition codes,strongly regular graphs and so on.In this paper,based on the Weil s... Recently,linear codes with a few weights have been extensively studied due to their applications in secret sharing schemes,constant composition codes,strongly regular graphs and so on.In this paper,based on the Weil sums,several classes of two-weight or three-weight linear codes are presented by choosing a proper defining set,and their weight enumerators and complete weight enumerators are determined.Furthermore,these codes are proven to be minimal.By puncturing these linear codes,two classes of two-weight projective codes are obtained,and the parameters of the corresponding strongly regular graph are given.This paper generalizes the results of[7]. 展开更多
关键词 Weil sum Linear code Complete weight enumerator Minimal code Strongly regular graph
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一种规则变量节点度LT Codes编码方案 被引量:6
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作者 孙文珠 王洪玉 +2 位作者 祝开艳 王洁 唐震洲 《电子学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2014年第10期1918-1924,共7页
LT Codes差错平台(Erasure Floor)由变量节点的最小度决定,规则变量节点度LT Codes能够最大化变量节点的最小度,从而降低LT Codes的差错平台.该文提出一种新的规则变量节点度LT Codes编码方法,该编码方法省去了现有方法中对变量节点度... LT Codes差错平台(Erasure Floor)由变量节点的最小度决定,规则变量节点度LT Codes能够最大化变量节点的最小度,从而降低LT Codes的差错平台.该文提出一种新的规则变量节点度LT Codes编码方法,该编码方法省去了现有方法中对变量节点度值查找表的排序操作,降低了现有方案的编码复杂度;通过对度分布的修正增加低度校验节点,使得规则变量节点度LT Codes解码瀑布区域(雪崩区域)提前.仿真结果表明该文方法与现有方法相比有效减少了编码时间,降低了成功解码所需的平均传输开销,加快了误符号率收敛速度. 展开更多
关键词 喷泉码 规则变量节点度LT codes 差错平台 度分布
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基于SPIHT图象压缩编码的Turbo codes编码 被引量:7
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作者 徐雯 郭立 刘昌进 《中国科学技术大学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2002年第2期202-209,共8页
针对信源与信道编码的特点 ,提出了结合SPIHT(setpartitioninginhierarchicaltrees)算法和改进的TurboCodes的信源与信道联合编码方案 .这一方案充分考虑了SPIHT算法和TurboCodes的特性 ,根据信源编码后数据在重建时的重要程度 ,进行不... 针对信源与信道编码的特点 ,提出了结合SPIHT(setpartitioninginhierarchicaltrees)算法和改进的TurboCodes的信源与信道联合编码方案 .这一方案充分考虑了SPIHT算法和TurboCodes的特性 ,根据信源编码后数据在重建时的重要程度 ,进行不同等纠错保护的信道编码 .实验表明 ,论文的方法能够使误码率与码长达到一个较好的平衡 。 展开更多
关键词 SPIHT 图象压缩编码 Turbo codes编码 TURBO码 联合编码 不同等差错保护 信源编码 信道编码 纠错编码
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一种改进的Turbo codes译码方法 被引量:5
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作者 郭立 徐雯 刘昌进 《计算机工程与应用》 CSCD 北大核心 2003年第5期108-109,113,共3页
Turbo码是一种目前研究比较多的纠错码,译码端采用了基于软判决信息输入/输出的反馈迭代结构,译码的迭代是其具有优越纠错性能的关键,也是造成其时延的问题所在,该文提出一种自适应选择迭代次数的方法,实验表明该方法能够在译码结果收... Turbo码是一种目前研究比较多的纠错码,译码端采用了基于软判决信息输入/输出的反馈迭代结构,译码的迭代是其具有优越纠错性能的关键,也是造成其时延的问题所在,该文提出一种自适应选择迭代次数的方法,实验表明该方法能够在译码结果收敛时自动停止迭代,避免大量无谓的计算,同时保证译码的准确性。 展开更多
关键词 TURBO codes译码方法 TURBO码 MAP算法 迭代译码 信息论 信道编码
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An Efficient Test Data Compression Technique Based on Codes
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作者 方建平 郝跃 +1 位作者 刘红侠 李康 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2005年第11期2062-2068,共7页
This paper presents a new test data compression/decompression method for SoC testing,called hybrid run length codes. The method makes a full analysis of the factors which influence test parameters:compression ratio,t... This paper presents a new test data compression/decompression method for SoC testing,called hybrid run length codes. The method makes a full analysis of the factors which influence test parameters:compression ratio,test application time, and area overhead. To improve the compression ratio, the new method is based on variable-to-variable run length codes,and a novel algorithm is proposed to reorder the test vectors and fill the unspecified bits in the pre-processing step. With a novel on-chip decoder, low test application time and low area overhead are obtained by hybrid run length codes. Finally, an experimental comparison on ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits validates the proposed method 展开更多
关键词 test data compression unspecified bits assignment system-on-a-chip test hybrid run-length codes
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Design of rate compatible punctured IRA codes for IR-HARQ schemes
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作者 吴晓富 项海格 +2 位作者 赵春明 You Xiaohu 尤肖虎 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第2期127-132,共6页
An incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat- request (IR-HARQ)scheme based on irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA)codes is proposed. The design of rate compatible punctured IRA codes suitable for an IR-HARQ sch... An incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat- request (IR-HARQ)scheme based on irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA)codes is proposed. The design of rate compatible punctured IRA codes suitable for an IR-HARQ scheme is well formulated and efficiently solved by a linear-programming method, along with a one-dimensional approach for density evolution. Compared to IR-HARQ schemes based on turbo codes, simulation shows that the proposed IR-HARQ schemes based on IRA codes may achieve almost the same performance at a block size of 1 024, but better throughput at a block size of 4 096. The advantages of the proposed scheme in implementation, including decoding complexity and parallelism, make it more attractive in practice than the IR-HARQ schemes based on both turbo and LDPC codes. 展开更多
关键词 hybrid automatic repeat-request protocol incremental redundancy IRA code turbo code
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Correction:Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space
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作者 Mudassir Khalil Muhammad Imran Sharif +3 位作者 Ahmed Naeem Muhammad Umar Chaudhry Hafiz Tayyab Rauf Adham E.Ragab 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2025年第1期1461-1461,共1页
In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab C... In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”. 展开更多
关键词 Deep Code CIELAB
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Performance analysis of coded OFDM systems using a novel class of LDPC codes
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作者 何善宝 张立 赵春明 《Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2004年第4期401-404,共4页
A new method of constructing regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes was proposed. And the novel class of LDPC codes was applied in a coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. This method e... A new method of constructing regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes was proposed. And the novel class of LDPC codes was applied in a coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. This method extended the class of LDPC codes which could be constructed from shifted identity matrices. The method could avoid short cycles in Tanner graphs with simple inequation in the construction of shifting identity matrices, which made the girth of Tanner graphs 8. Because of the quasicyclic structure and the inherent block configuration of parity-check matrices, the encoders and the decoders were practically feasible. They were linear-time encodable and decodable. The LDPC codes proposed had various code rates, ranging from low to high. They performed excellently with iterative decoding and demonstrate better performance than other regular LDPC codes in OFDM systems. 展开更多
关键词 Computer simulation Iterative methods Mobile telecommunication systems QUASICRYSTALS Turbo codes
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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice
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作者 Mohamed Aghyad Al Kabbani Christoph Köhler Hans Zempel 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS 2025年第8期2348-2360,共13页
TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal... TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the axon.TAU is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as tauopathies.Microtubules are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing enzymes.As impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule dynamics.We therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to microtubules.To investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-KO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic littermates.In sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in microtubule PTMs,suggestive of impairment of microtubule stability.This is accompanied by missorting and aggregation of TAU in mice but not in i Neurons.Microtubule PTMs/impairment may be of key importance in tauopathies. 展开更多
关键词 human induced pluripotent stem cell MICROTUBULES P301L pR5 mice TAU TAUOPATHY tubulin code
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