Mega-Constellations Based TT&C Resource Sharing: Keep Reliable Aeronautical Communication in an Emergency

With the development of the transportation industry, the effective guidance of aircraft in an emergency to prevent catastrophic accidents remains one of the top safety concerns. Undoubtedly, operational status data of the aircraft play an important role in the judgment and command of the Operational Control Center(OCC). However, how to transmit various operational status data from abnormal aircraft back to the OCC in an emergency is still an open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel Telemetry, Tracking,and Command(TT&C) architecture named Collaborative TT&C(CoTT&C) based on mega-constellation to solve such a problem. CoTT&C allows each satellite to help the abnormal aircraft by sharing TT&C resources when needed, realizing real-time and reliable aeronautical communication in an emergency. Specifically, we design a dynamic resource sharing mechanism for CoTT&C and model the mechanism as a single-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg game. Further, we give an unique Nash Equilibrium(NE) of the game as a closed form. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed resource sharing mechanism is effective, incentive compatible, fair, and reciprocal. We hope that our findings can shed some light for future research on aeronautical communications in an emergency.

Command filtered integrated estimation guidance and control for strapdown missiles with circular field of view

In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.

C2SIM互操作标准发展关键问题研究

针对联合作战信息交换需求和多军兵种作战数据互联互通问题,采用指挥控制系统与仿真系统之间交互性标准(command and control systems-simulation systems interoperation,C2SIM)标准指导实现指挥控制系统、仿真系统和无人系统之间的高效互操作。概述C2SIM的地位、作用和开发概况;介绍C2SIM逻辑数据模型开发方法;从C2SIM核心本体、领域本体扩展、本体到XML Schema的转换和参考实现等方面,分析C2SIM的关键技术问题;探讨C2SIM标准在北约近年中实兵演习中的应用情况;总结C2SIM的发展和影响,为我军标准化互操作技术的构建提供方法和技术上的启发和借鉴。结果表明,该研究可有效提高军事信息系统的开发能力和质量。

Key technologies and applications of intelligent dispatching command for high-speed railway in China

Purpose–The intelligent Central Traffic Control(CTC)system plays a vital role in establishing an intelligent high-speed railway(HSR)system.As the core of HSR transportation command,the intelligent CTC system is a new HSR dispatching command system that integrates the widely used CTC in China with the practical service requirements of intelligent dispatching.This paper aims to propose key technologies and applications for intelligent dispatching command in HSR in China.Design/methodology/approach–This paper first briefly introduces the functions and configuration of the intelligent CTC system.Some new servers,terminals and interfaces are introduced,which are plan adjustment server/terminal,interface for automatic train operation(ATO),interface for Dynamic Monitoring System of Train Control Equipment(DMS),interface for Power Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(PSCADA),interface for Disaster Monitoring,etc.Findings–The key technologies applied in the intelligent CTC system include automatic adjustment of train operation plans,safety control of train routes and commands,traffic information data platform,integrated simulation of traffic dispatching and ATO function.These technologies have been applied in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou HSR,which commenced operations at the end of 2019.Implementing these key intelligent functions has improved the train dispatching command capacity,ensured the safe operation of intelligent HSR,reduced the labor intensity of dispatching operators and enhanced the intelligence level of China’s dispatching system.Originality/value–This paper provides further challenges and research directions for the intelligent dispatching command of HSR.To achieve the objectives,new measures need to be conducted,including the development of advanced technologies for intelligent dispatching command,coping with new requirements with the development of China’s railway signaling system,the integration of traffic dispatching and train control and the application of AI and data-driven modeling and methods.

基于COMPASS iStability的浮船坞稳性计算

为比对分段建模与整体建模工作量及稳性计算结果,选取某浮船坞,采用命令流方法,对坞墙无开口,做5分段建模和整体建模稳性计算,对坞墙有开口,做7分段建模和借助体过渡整体建模稳性计算,结果表明,无论坞墙有无开口,整体建模比分段建模节省约一半工作量,两种建模方式稳性计算精度相同,建模过程表明,命令流方法整体建模计算稳性,高效快捷。

Could Military Commanders’ Good LeadershipInfluence Subordinates’ Smartphone Overdependence? A Serial Mediation Analysis

Owing to the ubiquitous use of smartphones by soldiers, military researchers have an increasing interest in potentially problematicside effects such as smartphone overdependence. This raises a question regarding the psychological mechanisms underlying thepotentially self-damaging use of smartphones. Here, we address this question by analyzing how heterogeneity in commander’sgood leadership explains subordinate soldiers’ differences in self-control and smartphone use. Specifically, we found thatsubordinate soldiers who thought their commander's leadership was good were self-regulated, less dependent on smartphones,less stressed, and finally had good mental health. This result indicates that commander’s good leadership can be used toestimate whether subordinate soldiers exert control over their impulses and use their smartphones properly. Thus, the currentfindings help to identify external factors that lead to a better understanding of problematic smartphone use and can potentiallyhelp to design appropriate preventive mechanisms or interventions that target commander’s good leadership.

基于GRU门控循环单元的火电AGC数据建模及应用

为响应国家“双碳”目标,提高火电机组的运行灵活性,使用数学模型或仿真软件对火电AGC变负荷过程进行分析研究。而深度学习作为最火热的研究方法之一,将其应用于传统火电机组的大量数据集,可快速、轻便构建更具针对性和准确性的火电机组AGC变负荷数据模型,对火电机组动态性能进行分析优化。对比不同循环神经网络框架,选择表现最优的GRU门控循环单元对火电机组变负荷过程进行数据建模,并通过遍历法提高模型精度,并结合自身数据集和物理仿真模型进行数据模型的多重验证。结果表明,基于门控循环单元搭建的数据模型可模拟火电机组在实际变负荷过程中的运行状况,并可模拟不同负荷指令组下的AGC变负荷过程,从而对最佳负荷指令组进行优化。根据模拟结果,在机组75%~100%THA升负荷过程中,调节精度提高了28.4%,在100%~75%THA降负荷过程中,调节精度提高了17.8%。

基于复合自适应的Buck变换器预设性能控制

针对Buck型变换器在复杂环境下发生负载波动时输出电压受扰的问题,提出了一种复合自适应预设性能控制方案以提升其控制效果。首先,利用自适应律对模型中包含负载项的非线性函数进行预测估计,同时通过在自适应律更新过程中构建并行估计模型获取预测误差,并将预测误差和跟踪误差融合以设计自适应参数更新律。然后,采用广义比例积分观测器来对剩余不确定性和外部扰动进行估计,并在控制律中进行补偿。最后,结合指令滤波反步控制和指定时间预设性能控制技术,提出了Buck型变换器复合自适应预设性能控制方案。所提出的方案保证了对负载波动的高精度预测,避免了在突发情况下输出电压超出预设函数范围,此外还证明了闭环控制系统中的信号收敛性。实验结果表明,复合自适应预设性能控制在负载突然减小的情况下系统最大偏离电压为0.376 V,相比于传统自适应反步控制的1.773 V减少了78.7%,验证了所提方案的有效性以及优越性。

基于PSBC机制的指挥控制体系

面对当今我国周边复杂严峻的战略态势和信息化条件下的联合作战样式,通过分析现代战争“明战”“暗战”“观战”相结合的战争形态,以及基于PREA环的指挥控制体系,引出了复杂战争系统概念。根据复杂战争系统中亟待解决的问题,引入ACP方法与区块链理论,提出战场PSBC机制,以期实现对战场的高效指挥控制。并采用BDI方式对PSBC机制进行建模,以近距空中支援为例,详细介绍PSBC机制BDI建模方法。最后提出了实现PSBC以及相应BDI建模的关键技术需求。

AMC-NLI:基于实体识别的农业测控领域自然语言接口

农业测控系统的用户交互性存在改进空间,随着自然语言语义处理技术的不断进步,提升农业测控领域中复杂的控制和查询操作的用户友好性变得至关重要,这有助于降低用户的操作成本。本文提出了一种面向农业测控领域的自然语言接口(agricultural measurement and control natural language interface,AMC-NLI),旨在改进农业测控平台的用户体验。通过BERT-BiLSTM-ATT-CRF-OPO(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers-bi-directional long shortterm memory-attention-conditional random field)的语义解析模型,识别并提取农业指令中的实体,并进行操作-地点-对象三元组语句(operate-place-object,OPO)的槽填充。使得用户的自然语言输入能够被转化为结构化的三元组语句,实现用户输入的指令转换为相应的参数,并通过物联网网关发送到相应的设备。试验结果表明在AMC-NLI农业测控指令交互方面,该模型表现出色,准确率,精确率、召回率,F值和平均最大响应时间分别达到了91.63%、92.77%、92.48%、91.74%和2.45 s,为农业信息化管控提供了更为便捷的互动方式。

多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架及海上搜救应用分析

传统的应急响应及搜救行动的指挥控制(Command and Control,C2)活动以经典理论OODA环为指导。该模式可以快速、有效地指导救援现场的组织指挥活动。但当事件规模较大,响应层级较高时,该模式失去效用。论文针对以上问题,结合C2活动过程机理的尺度关联性,运用PREA环&OODA环理论,建立了多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架。该模型在不同尺度(层级)的C2活动采用不同的理论指导,完整地描述了搜救C2活动从宏观到微观的指挥决策过程。论文将该模型应用分析至海上搜救领域,指导海上搜救行动。海上搜救的应用分析表明,多域多尺度分布式C2模型框架对海上应急救援指挥体系建设具有现实指导意义。

A framework of force of information influence and application for C4KISR system

The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.

Short-term train arrival delay prediction:a data-driven approach

Purpose-To optimize train operations,dispatchers currently rely on experience for quick adjustments when delays occur.However,delay predictions often involve imprecise shifts based on known delay times.Real-time and accurate train delay predictions,facilitated by data-driven neural network models,can significantly reduce dispatcher stress and improve adjustment plans.Leveraging current train operation data,these models enable swift and precise predictions,addressing challenges posed by train delays in high-speed rail networks during unforeseen events.Design/methodology/approach-This paper proposes CBLA-net,a neural network architecture for predicting late arrival times.It combines CNN,Bi-LSTM,and attention mechanisms to extract features,handle time series data,and enhance information utilization.Trained on operational data from the Beijing-Tianjin line,it predicts the late arrival time of a target train at the next station using multidimensional input data from the target and preceding trains.Findings-This study evaluates our model’s predictive performance using two data approaches:one considering full data and another focusing only on late arrivals.Results show precise and rapid predictions.Training with full data achieves aMAEof approximately 0.54 minutes and a RMSEof 0.65 minutes,surpassing the model trained solely on delay data(MAE:is about 1.02 min,RMSE:is about 1.52 min).Despite superior overall performance with full data,the model excels at predicting delays exceeding 15 minutes when trained exclusively on late arrivals.For enhanced adaptability to real-world train operations,training with full data is recommended.Originality/value-This paper introduces a novel neural network model,CBLA-net,for predicting train delay times.It innovatively compares and analyzes the model’s performance using both full data and delay data formats.Additionally,the evaluation of the network’s predictive capabilities considers different scenarios,providing a comprehensive demonstration of the model’s predictive performance.

基于LVC的舰载机作战指挥训练系统设计

针对舰载机实装多兵种作战指挥训练组织难度大、风险高等特点,考虑到飞行模拟训练经济型、安全性等优点,对舰载机作战指挥训练系统进行研究设计,搭建了系统整体框架,阐述了技术原理,介绍了各分系统的功能作用,实现了“背靠背”作战筹划、多层次兵力指挥控制、接入指挥信息系统实装、多维度态势展现、对抗效果评估等辅助决策支持等功能,建立了“人在环”和“人不在环”两种应用模式,最后对关键技术进行了分析,如采用注入式扩展技术以支撑高性能并行仿真引擎驱动,提出了基于接口的编程和动态QoS的联合中间件技术,利用代码重用方式实现工程数字模型封装集成等。

基于组合赋权和FCE的指控系统人机交互效能评估方法

为了更加精准地评估指控系统的人机交互效能,分别从人机交互三元素,即指控人员、指控系统和交互设备出发建立了评估指标体系,使用熵权-CRITIC法对各指标进行组合赋权,并利用模糊综合评价法(FCE)对两型指控系统进行综合评估。最后,利用GOMS模型和眼动追踪技术分别从任务完成效率、指控人员认知负荷等方面对该评估方法进行验证,结果说明了该方法具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义,为指控系统的人机交互效能提供了科学、便捷的评估方法。

面向软件定义的C~4ISR系统资源建模方法研究

为实现马赛克化的C~4ISR系统构建模式,瞄准系统“元要素”构建,以软件定义技术为驱动,探讨了可定义的资源建模原理,提出了资源建模过程,定义了C~4ISR系统资源概念内涵,基于多视角建立了资源分类框架;围绕资源信息流受控和能力开放共享,提出了模型要素,针对7类资源特点建立了参考模型。通过典型案例下资源实例化建模,验证了模型对软件定义的系统构建的适用性。

基于Fitts定律的指挥信息系统人机交互优化设计

为优化指挥信息系统在交互操作上的流畅性,降低操作时间成本,提升信息化武器的作战效能,文章选取指挥系统中典型场景为研究对象,基于相关领域性特有的强交互性、时效性、严谨性等特征,并结合Fitts定律完成设计策略制定,解决原有指挥系统界面设计中人机交互问题。文章通过分析与实践发现Fitts定理能够在指挥信息系统设计过程中为设计师提供较强的指导性作用,为相关领域设计提供方法论层面指引与参考。

类ChatGPT赋能指挥控制的情报提升和情报局限--基于信息流动模型

[研究目的]研究类ChatGPT赋能指挥控制的情报提升和情报局限,探索未来战争的情报作用发挥机理。[研究方法]引入指挥控制活动的基本范式PREA-OODA循环,提出情报学视角下的信息流动模型,基于该模型分析类ChatGPT应用于指挥控制的情报提升和情报局限。[研究结论]类ChatGPT对指挥控制的情报赋能原理为:优化态势生成过程和辅助决策过程,获得更佳的信息状态或结果。类ChatGPT技术应用于指挥控制系统能带来巨大的情报能力提升,也可能因其情报局限引发灾难性后果。从情报赋能原理和阶段的角度探索类ChatGPT在指挥控制中的应用。

面向多源协调互济的AGC指令两阶段分配方法

高比例新能源电力系统的惯量支撑能力弱、随机波动性强,电网频率质量难以得到保障。引入不同品类调频资源共同参与自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)是应对上述问题的有效手段,但这也要求AGC指令分配能够适配不同品类资源的差异化调节特性。对此,提出面向多源协调互济的AGC指令两阶段分配方法。首先,将不同资源分别安排至与自身调节特性相匹配的超前分配阶段和实时分配阶段。其次,在实时分配阶段提出基于资源调节优先级的AGC指令分配策略,根据不同品类资源的调节特性以及电网频率状况对资源调节优先级进行设定,以互补利用各类资源的调节优势。然后,在超前分配阶段,建立优化分配模型以实现不同品类资源的协调最优利用。同时,嵌入与资源剩余调节裕度相关的惩罚项,以保障资源持续调节能力。最后,基于电网实际数据的算例仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于Modbus/TCP协议的ATS与FSK系统间通信接口设计

根据墨西哥某城市地铁指挥控制系统的设计需求,列车自动监控(ATS)系统与频移键控(FSK)系统之间数据交互采用网络接口,基于Modbus/TCP协议实现相应的以太网通信。为此提出基于Modbus/TCP协议的ATS与FSK系统间通信接口设计方案:利用Modbus/TCP协议的扩展灵活性,在传统Modbus/TCP协议的基础上进行扩展,实现ATS与FSK系统间的模拟列控信息、列车检测信息、FSK传输配置信息、网络配置信息的安全可靠传输;为了高效便捷地将从网口接收的信息解析后传输给FSK系统,选择在ARM/Linux+FPGA平台上实现通信接口。测试验证结果表明:该通信接口设计方案结构清晰且方便移植,能够正确有效地实现ATS与FSK系统间通信。