Harnessing the freely available source of energy from the sun offers a number of additional benefits. Not least of these benefits is the fact that solar energy is an environmentally sustainable alternative. A four-win...Harnessing the freely available source of energy from the sun offers a number of additional benefits. Not least of these benefits is the fact that solar energy is an environmentally sustainable alternative. A four-wing compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) was designed as a modification of the regular non-imaging CPC concentrator that has a widespread use as solar collector. The design is intended to increase the angle of acceptance as well as concentration of energy from the sun. The conceptual design, mathematical formulation as well as construction and initial trial results have been presented in this paper. Pilot trials of the four-wing concentrator used for sanitizing both liquid and waste products produced satisfactory results. Improvements in terms of design as well as material used for construction and better preservation of heat can be considered further in the future research.展开更多
Effects of calcium compounds on the carbothermic reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate(VTC) were investigated. It was found that calcium compounds had great effects on the metallization rate of the reducti...Effects of calcium compounds on the carbothermic reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate(VTC) were investigated. It was found that calcium compounds had great effects on the metallization rate of the reduction product, the order of the metallization rate of reduction product being CaCO3 > no additive > CaSO4 > CaCl2, which indicated that the addition of CaCO3 was more conducive to promoting the reduction of iron than other calcium compounds. Gas analysis showed that there were mainly two processes in the carbothermic reduction of VTC, a solid–solid and a solid–gas reaction. The concentrations of CO and CO2 were highest when CaCO3 was added, while that in a roasting system decreased the most when CaCl2 was added. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis showed that calcium compounds could change the reduction process of ilmenite in VTC. The phase compositions of the reduction products were changed from metallic iron(Fe) and anosovite(FeTi2O5) to metallic iron(Fe) and perovekite(CaTiO3) when calcium compounds were added. Additionally, CaSO4 and CaCl2 could significantly promote the growth of metallic iron particles, though the existence of Fe-bearing Mg2TiO4 in reduction products was not conducive to the reduction of iron. The formation of FeS would further hinder the reduction of iron after adding CaSO4.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are difficult to be eliminated safely and effectively because of their large concentration fluctuations.Thus,maintaining a stable concentration of VOCs is a significant study.In this re...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are difficult to be eliminated safely and effectively because of their large concentration fluctuations.Thus,maintaining a stable concentration of VOCs is a significant study.In this research,H2O,Tween-80,[Emim]BF4,[Emim]PF6,and[Hnmp]HSO4 were applied to absorb and desorb simulated VOCs.The ionic liquid[Emim]BF4 demonstrated the best performance and was thus selected for further experiments.As the ionic liquid acted as a buffer,the toluene concentration with a fluctuation of 2000–20000 mg·m-3 was stabilized at 6000–12000 mg·m-3.Heating distillation(90°C)was highly efficient to recover[Emim]BF4 from toluene.The regenerated[Emim]BF4 could retain its initial absorption capacity even after multiple cycles.Moreover,[Emim]BF4 had the same buffer function on various aromatic hydrocarbons.展开更多
There is extensive worldwide use for the social consumption of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol causes substantial personal, psychological and medical health issues. In addition, there are significant national economic costs...There is extensive worldwide use for the social consumption of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol causes substantial personal, psychological and medical health issues. In addition, there are significant national economic costs from lost productivity. However, there are limited pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of alcohol overuse. Historically, many cultures have used herbs and other natural compounds to reduce problematic alcohol induced behaviour but the evidence is anecdotal. This study investigated if a natural compound formula (RM88) that was developed could reduce blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a controlled case series. Thirteen subjects (5 males, 8 females, age range 18 to 85 years) completed 16 paired sessions of alcohol only versus RM88 with alcohol. Subjects consumed one to three standard drinks of beer, wine or spirits (14.7 to 29.4 gm alcohol). Measurements were made by a fuel cell breathalyzer for a period of 90 minutes. Summated BAC showed a reduction in 94% (15/16) of paired test sessions (BAC reduction range 23% - 79%, mean 50.9% ± 16.5%, p = 0.0005). Data normalized to 20 gm alcohol (two standard drinks) showed a significance of p = 0.00026. One subject on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine drugs had increased BAC from RM88. The average reduction</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of BAC for the beverages w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spirits 34% (n = 3), beer 36% (n = 3), and wine 52% (n = 10). RM88 showed that this combination of natural compounds was very effective in reducing maximal peak concentrations of alcohol.展开更多
为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物...为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物质差异。研究表明,首次冻融大幅减少了菌汤的还原糖、总酚和总氨基酸含量,显著降低了菌汤等鲜度和挥发性成分含量,综合影响了菌汤的成分与风味。进一步通过冻融次数(1~5次)之间的对比,反复冻融3次菌汤可溶性蛋白含量相较于冻融1~2次显著降低(P<0.05),此外,等鲜度由1~2次冻融的0.441~0.450 g MSG/100 g直接下降至0.407 g MSG/100 g,同时微生物开始检出。在此后4~5次冻融过程中,虽然菌汤总酚、总氨基酸含量和等鲜度相对稳定,但核苷酸、可溶性蛋白和挥发性成分不断减少且菌落总数不断升高。因此,预制菌汤若需冻融处理则应控制在2次内为宜。展开更多
According to the Cd-Sb alloy phase diagram, resistivity, heat capacity, partial molar entropy and viscosity,the structural units of this alloy melt have been determined as Cd and Sb atoms as well as Cd3Sb2, Cd4Sb3 and...According to the Cd-Sb alloy phase diagram, resistivity, heat capacity, partial molar entropy and viscosity,the structural units of this alloy melt have been determined as Cd and Sb atoms as well as Cd3Sb2, Cd4Sb3 and CdSb compounds.Based on these structural units and the coexistence theory of metallic melt structure involing compound formation,a calculating model of mass action concentrations has been deduced.The calculated mass action concentrations Ncd are in good agreement with measured activities acd. The Gibbs standard free energy of formatioin for above three compunds have been obtained too.展开更多
文摘Harnessing the freely available source of energy from the sun offers a number of additional benefits. Not least of these benefits is the fact that solar energy is an environmentally sustainable alternative. A four-wing compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) was designed as a modification of the regular non-imaging CPC concentrator that has a widespread use as solar collector. The design is intended to increase the angle of acceptance as well as concentration of energy from the sun. The conceptual design, mathematical formulation as well as construction and initial trial results have been presented in this paper. Pilot trials of the four-wing concentrator used for sanitizing both liquid and waste products produced satisfactory results. Improvements in terms of design as well as material used for construction and better preservation of heat can be considered further in the future research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51674018)
文摘Effects of calcium compounds on the carbothermic reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate(VTC) were investigated. It was found that calcium compounds had great effects on the metallization rate of the reduction product, the order of the metallization rate of reduction product being CaCO3 > no additive > CaSO4 > CaCl2, which indicated that the addition of CaCO3 was more conducive to promoting the reduction of iron than other calcium compounds. Gas analysis showed that there were mainly two processes in the carbothermic reduction of VTC, a solid–solid and a solid–gas reaction. The concentrations of CO and CO2 were highest when CaCO3 was added, while that in a roasting system decreased the most when CaCl2 was added. X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis showed that calcium compounds could change the reduction process of ilmenite in VTC. The phase compositions of the reduction products were changed from metallic iron(Fe) and anosovite(FeTi2O5) to metallic iron(Fe) and perovekite(CaTiO3) when calcium compounds were added. Additionally, CaSO4 and CaCl2 could significantly promote the growth of metallic iron particles, though the existence of Fe-bearing Mg2TiO4 in reduction products was not conducive to the reduction of iron. The formation of FeS would further hinder the reduction of iron after adding CaSO4.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang University Students Science and Technology Innovation Activity Plan Funding(No.2018R403078).
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are difficult to be eliminated safely and effectively because of their large concentration fluctuations.Thus,maintaining a stable concentration of VOCs is a significant study.In this research,H2O,Tween-80,[Emim]BF4,[Emim]PF6,and[Hnmp]HSO4 were applied to absorb and desorb simulated VOCs.The ionic liquid[Emim]BF4 demonstrated the best performance and was thus selected for further experiments.As the ionic liquid acted as a buffer,the toluene concentration with a fluctuation of 2000–20000 mg·m-3 was stabilized at 6000–12000 mg·m-3.Heating distillation(90°C)was highly efficient to recover[Emim]BF4 from toluene.The regenerated[Emim]BF4 could retain its initial absorption capacity even after multiple cycles.Moreover,[Emim]BF4 had the same buffer function on various aromatic hydrocarbons.
文摘There is extensive worldwide use for the social consumption of alcohol. Abuse of alcohol causes substantial personal, psychological and medical health issues. In addition, there are significant national economic costs from lost productivity. However, there are limited pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of alcohol overuse. Historically, many cultures have used herbs and other natural compounds to reduce problematic alcohol induced behaviour but the evidence is anecdotal. This study investigated if a natural compound formula (RM88) that was developed could reduce blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in a controlled case series. Thirteen subjects (5 males, 8 females, age range 18 to 85 years) completed 16 paired sessions of alcohol only versus RM88 with alcohol. Subjects consumed one to three standard drinks of beer, wine or spirits (14.7 to 29.4 gm alcohol). Measurements were made by a fuel cell breathalyzer for a period of 90 minutes. Summated BAC showed a reduction in 94% (15/16) of paired test sessions (BAC reduction range 23% - 79%, mean 50.9% ± 16.5%, p = 0.0005). Data normalized to 20 gm alcohol (two standard drinks) showed a significance of p = 0.00026. One subject on prednisone and hydroxychloroquine drugs had increased BAC from RM88. The average reduction</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of BAC for the beverages w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> spirits 34% (n = 3), beer 36% (n = 3), and wine 52% (n = 10). RM88 showed that this combination of natural compounds was very effective in reducing maximal peak concentrations of alcohol.
文摘为探究冻融循环对食用菌预制菌汤的品质影响,本文以鲜菌汤为参照,对比了冻融过程中微生物数量、菌汤色泽、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、总酚含量等基本指标的变化,并基于超高效液相检测和气相色谱-质谱法分析冻融过程菌汤等鲜度和挥发性风味物质差异。研究表明,首次冻融大幅减少了菌汤的还原糖、总酚和总氨基酸含量,显著降低了菌汤等鲜度和挥发性成分含量,综合影响了菌汤的成分与风味。进一步通过冻融次数(1~5次)之间的对比,反复冻融3次菌汤可溶性蛋白含量相较于冻融1~2次显著降低(P<0.05),此外,等鲜度由1~2次冻融的0.441~0.450 g MSG/100 g直接下降至0.407 g MSG/100 g,同时微生物开始检出。在此后4~5次冻融过程中,虽然菌汤总酚、总氨基酸含量和等鲜度相对稳定,但核苷酸、可溶性蛋白和挥发性成分不断减少且菌落总数不断升高。因此,预制菌汤若需冻融处理则应控制在2次内为宜。
文摘According to the Cd-Sb alloy phase diagram, resistivity, heat capacity, partial molar entropy and viscosity,the structural units of this alloy melt have been determined as Cd and Sb atoms as well as Cd3Sb2, Cd4Sb3 and CdSb compounds.Based on these structural units and the coexistence theory of metallic melt structure involing compound formation,a calculating model of mass action concentrations has been deduced.The calculated mass action concentrations Ncd are in good agreement with measured activities acd. The Gibbs standard free energy of formatioin for above three compunds have been obtained too.
