无人机辅助MEC系统中基于最优SIC顺序的能耗优化方案

在基于上行非正交多址接入(NOMA)的无人机(UAV)辅助移动边缘计算(MEC)系统中,NOMA的连续干扰消除(SIC)顺序已成为限制上行任务卸载链路传输性能的瓶颈,为降低系统能耗,对SIC顺序进行了讨论,提出了联合信道增益与任务时延约束的最优SIC顺序。在满足设备给定任务时延、设备最大发射功率约束以及UAV轨迹的约束下,基于最优SIC顺序提出了最小化系统能耗的问题。由于该问题是个复杂的非凸问题,采取交替优化的方法求解该优化问题,以实现功率分配和UAV轨迹的优化;利用匹配理论,提出了低复杂度算法来得到不同时隙的最优设备分组。仿真结果表明,与其他SIC顺序相比,最优SIC顺序能够在相同的任务时延约束下实现更小的系统能耗;所提的低复杂度设备分组算法能够得到最优设备分组。

无人机辅助MEC系统中的联合计算卸载和轨迹设计

文中提出了一种无人机辅助移动边缘计算(MEC)系统,其中一架配备计算资源的无人机作为飞行基站(BS)处理从用户迁移来的应用任务,以节省用户设备的能耗.考虑了一种通用的瑞森衰落信道模型,通过联合优化无人机轨迹、用户发射功率、用户调度和比特分配,以最小化所有用户设备的平均能耗.设计了一种基于迭代分块连续上界最小化算法,并引入二次惩罚项进行交替求解.结果表明:文中所提出的联合优化方案优于其他基准方案,能显著降低用户的能量消耗.

MSs-MEC中基于DRL的服务缓存和任务迁移联合优化算法

多服务移动边缘计算(multiple-services mobile edge computing,MSs-MEC)能根据需求自适应调整服务缓存决策,使得部署在用户侧的边缘服务器能够灵活处理不同服务类型的任务。但在实际应用中,特定类型任务的成功迁移依赖于服务环境的提前安装。此外,同时进行任务迁移和服务缓存可能会因时间冲突而导致计算延时。因此,针对上述相关问题,首先将任务迁移和服务缓存决策进行解耦,针对深度强化学习(deep reinforcement learning,DRL)在具有高维的混合决策空间的性能提升不明显的缺点(例如资源分配时利用率不高),将DRL与Transformer结合,通过在历史数据中学习,输出当前时隙的任务迁移决策和下一时隙的任务决策,保证任务到达边缘服务器时能立即执行。其次,为了提高资源分配问题中的资源利用率,将问题分解为连续资源分配问题和离散的任务迁移与服务缓存问题,利用凸优化技术求解资源分配最优决策。广泛的数值结果表明,与其他基线算法相比,提出的算法能有效地减少任务的平均完成时延,同时在资源利用率和稳定性方面也有优异的表现。

5G+MEC承载车联网业务传输性能测试与验证

车联网产业正在快速发展,车路协同应用会在交通安全、效率和便利性等方面对日常交通出行产生积极的作用。5G作为LTE-V2X的重要补充,用于连续覆盖补盲、业务融合使能、兼容多种车载终端,在未来较长时间内,5G与LTEV2X将共同承载车联网业务。鉴于此,文中进行了5G承载车联网业务的性能测试与验证,在测试中模拟车联网应用的业务模式,通过5G网络传输并在MEC进行结果统计。重点关注单向时延、抖动、丢包率等网络指标,探索5G承载车联网业务的最佳模式。

基于SDN的车联网多MEC动态负载均衡算法

车载自组织网络(VANET)承载的数据规模呈现爆炸性增长趋势。针对车联网中在线卸载场景下,多边缘服务器(MEC)负载不均衡导致车辆卸载成功率严重下降问题,提出一种基于软件定义网络(SDN)的车联网多MEC动态负载均衡算法DFPC。该算法结合排队论中先到先服务和有优先权的服务两种方式,SDN控制器通过一定的等待时延定时收集当前批任务,利用改进的K-means聚类算法快速对多维任务分类,优先入队紧急度相对高的任务;再利用SDN控制器定时收集的MEC上下文信息,实现卸载任务在多个MEC之间分配的动态反馈调节,解决了多MEC之间动态负载不均衡问题,充分利用MEC的计算资源,最终提升了整体车辆卸载成功率。为了验证DFPC算法在真实动态场景下的有效性,设计一种多MEC接入的在线卸载框架MOLF,通过低成本硬件部署模式完成在线卸载场景下负载均衡性能测试。实验结果表明,相比基准方案,DFPC算法平均卸载成功率提升了28%,平均负载方差降低了73%。

IRS Assisted UAV Communications against Proactive Eavesdropping in Mobile Edge Computing Networks

In this paper,we consider mobile edge computing(MEC)networks against proactive eavesdropping.To maximize the transmission rate,IRS assisted UAV communications are applied.We take the joint design of the trajectory of UAV,the transmitting beamforming of users,and the phase shift matrix of IRS.The original problem is strong non-convex and difficult to solve.We first propose two basic modes of the proactive eavesdropper,and obtain the closed-form solution for the boundary conditions of the two modes.Then we transform the original problem into an equivalent one and propose an alternating optimization(AO)based method to obtain a local optimal solution.The convergence of the algorithm is illustrated by numerical results.Further,we propose a zero forcing(ZF)based method as sub-optimal solution,and the simulation section shows that the proposed two schemes could obtain better performance compared with traditional schemes.

Edge Cloud Selection in Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)-Aided Applications for Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT)Services

In many IIoT architectures,various devices connect to the edge cloud via gateway systems.For data processing,numerous data are delivered to the edge cloud.Delivering data to an appropriate edge cloud is critical to improve IIoT service efficiency.There are two types of costs for this kind of IoT network:a communication cost and a computing cost.For service efficiency,the communication cost of data transmission should be minimized,and the computing cost in the edge cloud should be also minimized.Therefore,in this paper,the communication cost for data transmission is defined as the delay factor,and the computing cost in the edge cloud is defined as the waiting time of the computing intensity.The proposed method selects an edge cloud that minimizes the total cost of the communication and computing costs.That is,a device chooses a routing path to the selected edge cloud based on the costs.The proposed method controls the data flows in a mesh-structured network and appropriately distributes the data processing load.The performance of the proposed method is validated through extensive computer simulation.When the transition probability from good to bad is 0.3 and the transition probability from bad to good is 0.7 in wireless and edge cloud states,the proposed method reduced both the average delay and the service pause counts to about 25%of the existing method.

Task offloading mechanism based on federated reinforcement learning in mobile edge computing

With the arrival of 5G,latency-sensitive applications are becoming increasingly diverse.Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)technology has the characteristics of high bandwidth,low latency and low energy consumption,and has attracted much attention among researchers.To improve the Quality of Service(QoS),this study focuses on computation offloading in MEC.We consider the QoS from the perspective of computational cost,dimensional disaster,user privacy and catastrophic forgetting of new users.The QoS model is established based on the delay and energy consumption and is based on DDQN and a Federated Learning(FL)adaptive task offloading algorithm in MEC.The proposed algorithm combines the QoS model and deep reinforcement learning algorithm to obtain an optimal offloading policy according to the local link and node state information in the channel coherence time to address the problem of time-varying transmission channels and reduce the computing energy consumption and task processing delay.To solve the problems of privacy and catastrophic forgetting,we use FL to make distributed use of multiple users’data to obtain the decision model,protect data privacy and improve the model universality.In the process of FL iteration,the communication delay of individual devices is too large,which affects the overall delay cost.Therefore,we adopt a communication delay optimization algorithm based on the unary outlier detection mechanism to reduce the communication delay of FL.The simulation results indicate that compared with existing schemes,the proposed method significantly reduces the computation cost on a device and improves the QoS when handling complex tasks.

基于改进人工蜂鸟算法的MEC任务卸载策略

面对信息化网络环境中大量时延敏感型和计算密集型任务的计算需求,移动边缘计算(MEC)及其计算卸载技术提供了一种行之有效的解决方案。针对资源受限移动边缘系统的任务卸载策略,设计一种成本最优化算法。首先,结合系统的基本数据构建多用户多服务器网络场景,并根据时延、能耗等待优化指标建立一种包含惩罚项的最小化成本优化模型;然后,提出一种改进人工蜂鸟算法(IAHA),通过对原算法的寻优方式与算法结构进行适应性地调整和优化,并引入一种紧急避险策略,实现系统模型与算法映射的高度契合以及对模型问题快速精确求解,进而得到系统的最优卸载策略;最后,应用策略进行部署以降低系统的成本支出和提升用户的服务体验。仿真实验结果表明,所提改进算法能够有效降低系统成本,并且在针对高维复杂模型求解时具有更突出的收敛性能和寻优精度,在特定实验条件下,所提改进算法相较于部分经典的元启发式算法和典型的新型群智能算法,系统成本减少20.79%~65.39%,所提任务卸载算法相对于本地计算策略的平均系统成本能够降低66.98%。

NOMA-MEC网络中基于优先级的多任务卸载策略

针对NOMA-MEC网络中多任务卸载引起的资源分配不均、卸载成本过高等问题,考虑任务的异构性和网络环境的动态时变性,以最小化平均卸载成本为目标,面向超密集异构边缘网络提出了一种结合任务优先级的部分卸载策略。首先,充分利用资源,使用二分法模型化卸载比例的封闭解,将卸载问题解耦为任务优先级划分和基于服务器的信道资源分配两个子问题;然后,针对异构的任务,构建多维度任务优先级分类准则,提出了一种基于层次分析的支持向量机(analytic hierarchy-support vector machine, AH-SVM)任务分类方法,通过为不同的任务特征进行权重赋值,实现多任务优先级划分;最后,考虑动态环境下的信道质量,提出了一种面向信道资源分配和最佳卸载位置的NOMA信道增益深度双Q网络(NOMA channel gain deep double Q network, NCG-DDQN)任务卸载算法,有效降低了用户的平均卸载成本。实验结果表明,该算法在任务分类准确率和平均卸载成本方面较其他算法性能均有提升,同时验证了所提算法在高低优先级任务卸载过程中命中率的有效性。

面向多用户资源均衡分配的MEC计算卸载策略

移动边缘计算在资源受限地区的物联网部署上面临能源、算力、容量等资源限制的挑战,为保障网络QoS,提出一种任务分组和资源分配联合优化的两阶段计算卸载策略(TSCOS)。以卸载决策和资源分配为约束,设计联合优化卸载算法来降低时延、提高资源利用率。第一阶段基于任务偏好的待卸载计算任务分组模型,与候选服务器进行预匹配,提高计算卸载的精准度以降低匹配时间开销;第二阶段运用Gale Shapley算法快速计算多对多博弈最优匹配解集,实现边缘网络负载均衡。与距离分组模型相比,任务偏好的分组模型可以提高卸载精准度以及计算资源的利用率。将TSCOS策略与随机游走策略(RS)、贪心策略(GE)以及动态资源调度策略(FFS+IPFS)对比,实验结果表明,TSCOS在服务器负载均衡方面相比,方差缩小达到2~4倍,任务成功率提高5%~15%;在相同的能耗下,能效比提高5%~10%。任务平均接收率和卸载任务处理成功率达92%和96%。

多用户MIMO-MEC网络中基于APSO的任务卸载研究

在移动边缘计算(Mobile Edge Computing,MEC)系统中引入多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)技术与数据压缩技术,能够降低数据冗余度和提高数据传输速率,从而降低任务的执行时延与能耗。针对具备数据压缩功能的多用户MIMO-MEC网络,研究了多用户任务卸载问题。通过联合优化任务卸载比例、数据压缩比例、发送功率、计算频率和信道带宽,来最小化系统总时延。在能耗、功率和带宽等约束条件下,将任务卸载归纳为一个非凸优化问题。由于能耗约束较为复杂,构造罚函数将其归并,得到一个相对简单的等价问题。将所有优化变量视为一个粒子,基于自适应粒子群优化(Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization,APSO)框架提出多用户的任务卸载方法。由于粒子更新时可能违反约束条件,提出的方法对粒子越界的情形进行了特别处理。该方法能自适应地调整惯性权重来提高寻优能力和收敛性,通过不断迭代最终获得最优或者次优解。仿真实验评估了所提卸载方法的性能,分析了用户数、任务计算强度等参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明,提出的方法优于本地计算、传统粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法等对比方案,能够有效降低系统的任务执行时延。

无人机辅助MEC系统中面向用户公平性的三维部署和卸载优化

针对无人机辅助移动边缘计算系统存在的用户公平性不足问题,本文提出了一种面向用户公平性的三维部署和卸载优化算法.该算法综合考虑用户匹配、无人机三维部署、计算资源分配、卸载因子对系统总时延及用户公平性的影响,建立了一个最小化系统总时延的多元优化问题,并针对该问题提出了一种两阶段联合优化算法,其中第1阶段使用带有平衡约束的聚类算法解决用户匹配和无人机的水平部署问题,第2阶段使用凸优化算法迭代求解无人机高度部署,资源分配和卸载因子优化问题.实验结果表明,与4种基准算法相比,所提算法在系统总时延和用户公平性两方面具有更好的性能.

面向车联网的MEC跨域协同技术研究

车联网跨域协同技术是多接入边缘计算(Multi-Access Edge Computing, MEC)和蜂窝车联网(Cellular Vehicle to Everything, C-V2X)融合场景中的重点研究内容,涉及到安全类、效率类、协作类、视频类、信息服务类跨域协同交互场景,每类场景都涉及MEC跨域流程及跨域过程中的上下文规范。目前国际上面向车联网的MEC跨域协同技术处于起步发展阶段,ETSI、5GAA等组织尚未制定比较完善的国际标准。以当前主流车联网边缘计算系统架构为基础,着重开展各类车联网场景应用层基于MEC的跨域需求、交互迁移流程及上下文规范等研究。

IRS辅助供能的多用户MEC系统性能研究

在物联网(IoT)场景中,边缘服务器可有效缓解IoT设备计算能力有限的问题,如何保证IoT设备的能量供应成为研究热点之一.无线能量传输(WPT)与移动边缘计算(MEC)的组合是一种解决方案,但混合接入点(HAP)与IoT设备之间不能保证总是存在直连链路.为了处理这个问题,考虑利用智能反射表面(IRS)辅助无线能量传输与任务卸载.在多用户MEC系统下,当IoT设备采用二进制卸载时,联合能量传输时间优化、卸载决策以及调度顺序以求得最小系统处理时延问题是一个混合整数非凸问题.考虑HAP与IoT设备之间的信道差异,采用一种两层交替迭代的算法,并利用MEC的计算能力最小化系统处理时延.实验结果表明,所用方法收敛快,能有效缩短系统处理时延,在IRS的辅助下能明显提升系统性能.

Associative Tasks Computing Offloading Scheme in Internet of Medical Things with Deep Reinforcement Learning

The Internet of Medical Things(Io MT) is regarded as a critical technology for intelligent healthcare in the foreseeable 6G era. Nevertheless, due to the limited computing power capability of edge devices and task-related coupling relationships, Io MT faces unprecedented challenges. Considering the associative connections among tasks, this paper proposes a computing offloading policy for multiple-user devices(UDs) considering device-to-device(D2D) communication and a multi-access edge computing(MEC)technique under the scenario of Io MT. Specifically,to minimize the total delay and energy consumption concerning the requirement of Io MT, we first analyze and model the detailed local execution, MEC execution, D2D execution, and associated tasks offloading exchange model. Consequently, the associated tasks’ offloading scheme of multi-UDs is formulated as a mixed-integer nonconvex optimization problem. Considering the advantages of deep reinforcement learning(DRL) in processing tasks related to coupling relationships, a Double DQN based associative tasks computing offloading(DDATO) algorithm is then proposed to obtain the optimal solution, which can make the best offloading decision under the condition that tasks of UDs are associative. Furthermore, to reduce the complexity of the DDATO algorithm, the cacheaided procedure is intentionally introduced before the data training process. This avoids redundant offloading and computing procedures concerning tasks that previously have already been cached by other UDs. In addition, we use a dynamic ε-greedy strategy in the action selection section of the algorithm, thus preventing the algorithm from falling into a locally optimal solution. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with other existing methods for associative task models concerning different structures in the Io MT network, the proposed algorithm can lower the total cost more effectively and efficiently while also providing a tradeoff between delay and energy consumption tolerance.

Energy Minimization for Heterogenous Traffic Coexistence with Puncturing in Mobile Edge Computing-Based Industrial Internet of Things

Puncturing has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the coexistence problem of enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC)traffic. However, the steady performance of eMBB traffic while meeting the requirements of URLLC traffic with puncturing is a major challenge in some realistic scenarios. In this paper, we pay attention to the timely and energy-efficient processing for eMBB traffic in the industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), where mobile edge computing(MEC) is employed for data processing. Specifically, the performance of eMBB traffic and URLLC traffic in a MEC-based IIoT system is ensured by setting the threshold of tolerable delay and outage probability, respectively. Furthermore,considering the limited energy supply, an energy minimization problem of eMBB device is formulated under the above constraints, by jointly optimizing the resource blocks(RBs) punctured by URLLC traffic, data offloading and transmit power of eMBB device. With Markov's inequality, the problem is reformulated by transforming the probabilistic outage constraint into a deterministic constraint. Meanwhile, an iterative energy minimization algorithm(IEMA) is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has a significant reduction in the energy consumption for eMBB device and achieves a better overall effect compared to several benchmarks.

基于MEC模型的Z世代“特种兵式旅游”消费价值诉求探讨

Z世代“特种兵式旅游”成为当前颇具市场潜力的热点消费领域。本文基于MEC模型的分析技术,综合运用软式、硬式阶梯方法,针对“特种兵式旅游”消费者的价值动机及其形成机理展开探索。研究表明:Z世代“特种兵式旅游”价值动机为属性、结果、价值3个阶层,属性是基础动因,结果是中介诱因,价值是根本原因,享乐、成就感、自我定向、刺激是其价值诉求的终极目标;价值诉求的形成机制存在5条关键路径,最重要的是MEC1(对世界的向往和好奇-兴奋-享乐);景区景点是目的地的核心吸引物,亦是Z世代累积炫耀资本并达成社会需求满足的重要属性项,交通设施在其消费行为中起到重要辅助支撑作用,并刺激其产生消费安全感知价值。

UAV-assisted cooperative offloading energy efficiency system for mobile edge computing

Reliable communication and intensive computing power cannot be provided effectively by temporary hot spots in disaster areas and complex terrain ground infrastructure.Mitigating this has greatly developed the application and integration of UAV and Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)to the Internet of Things(loT).However,problems such as multi-user and huge data flow in large areas,which contradict the reality that a single UAV is constrained by limited computing power,still exist.Due to allowing UAV collaboration to accomplish complex tasks,cooperative task offloading between multiple UAVs must meet the interdependence of tasks and realize parallel processing,which reduces the computing power consumption and endurance pressure of terminals.Considering the computing requirements of the user terminal,delay constraint of a computing task,energy constraint,and safe distance of UAV,we constructed a UAV-Assisted cooperative offloading energy efficiency system for mobile edge computing to minimize user terminal energy consumption.However,the resulting optimization problem is originally nonconvex and thus,difficult to solve optimally.To tackle this problem,we developed an energy efficiency optimization algorithm using Block Coordinate Descent(BCD)that decomposes the problem into three convex subproblems.Furthermore,we jointly optimized the number of local computing tasks,number of computing offloaded tasks,trajectories of UAV,and offloading matching relationship between multi-UAVs and multiuser terminals.Simulation results show that the proposed approach is suitable for different channel conditions and significantly saves the user terminal energy consumption compared with other benchmark schemes.

Energy Efficiency Maximization in Mobile Edge Computing Networks via IRS assisted UAV Communications

In this paper,we investigate the energy efficiency maximization for mobile edge computing(MEC)in intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)assisted unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)communications.In particular,UAVcan collect the computing tasks of the terrestrial users and transmit the results back to them after computing.We jointly optimize the users’transmitted beamforming and uploading ratios,the phase shift matrix of IRS,and the UAV trajectory to improve the energy efficiency.The formulated optimization problem is highly non-convex and difficult to be solved directly.Therefore,we decompose the original problem into three sub-problems.We first propose the successive convex approximation(SCA)based method to design the beamforming of the users and the phase shift matrix of IRS,and apply the Lagrange dual method to obtain a closed-form expression of the uploading ratios.For the trajectory optimization,we propose a block coordinate descent(BCD)based method to obtain a local optimal solution.Finally,we propose the alternating optimization(AO)based overall algorithmand analyzed its complexity to be equivalent or lower than existing algorithms.Simulation results show the superiority of the proposedmethod compared with existing schemes in energy efficiency.